4 c It w Ethical Legal Issues

8/10/2019 4 c It w Ethical Legal Issues

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Computing and IT in the WorkplaceCT006-1

Ethical & Legal Issues


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CT024 PDT Introduction 2

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this section, YOU should be able to:

To explain and describe the common issues that arises inthe use of computing

To explain and discuss the steps that can be taken toensure proper use of IT


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Topics we will cover

Ethics and Society

Unauthorized use of computers & networks

Software theft

Information privacy

Code of Conduct Spyware and Spam


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Ethics and Society

What are computer ethics ?

Informationprivacy

Intellectual propertyrights rights to which

creators are entitledfor their work

Software theft Information

accuracy

Codes ofconduct

Unauthorizeduse of computers

and networks

Moral guidelines that govern use of computers and informationsystems


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Unauthorized Access and Use

What is unauthorized access and how is itachieved?

Use of a computer ornetwork without permission

Hackers typically break into computer byconnecting to it and then logging in as a

legitimate user

Hacker or cracker, is someone whotries to access a computer

or network illegally


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Unauthorized Access and Use

How can companies protect againsthackers?Intrusion detection software

analyzes network traffic, assessessystem vulnerabilities, and identifiesintrusions and suspicious behavior

Access control defines who

can access computer andwhat actions they can take

Audit trail recordsaccess attempts


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Hardware Theft and Vandalism What are hardware theft and hardware vandalism?

Hardware theft is the act ofstealing computer equipment

Cables used to lock equipmentSome notebook computers usepasswords, possessed objects,and biometrics as securitymethods

For PDAs, you can password-protect the deviceHardware vandalism is the act ofdefacing or destroying computer

equipment



Software Theft

What is software theft ?

Act of stealing orillegally copying

software orintentionallyerasing

programs

Software piracyis illegal duplication

of copyrightedsoftware


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Software Piracy Software piracy - unauthorized copying or

distribution of copyrighted software. How? By copying, downloading, sharing, selling or

installing multiple copies onto computers. People don't realize that when you purchase

software, you are actually purchasing a licenseto use it, not the actual software.

That license tells you how many times you caninstall the software, so it's important to read it. Ifyou make more copies of the software than the

license permits, you are pirating. 9



Software Theft

What is a license agreement ?

Right to use softwareSingle-user license agreement allows user to installsoftware on one computer, make backup copy.



Software Theft

What are some other safeguards against

software theft?

Product activation allows user toinput product identification number

online or by phone and receive uniqueinstallation identification number

Business Software Alliance

(BSA) promotes betterunderstanding of software

piracy problems


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BSA

The Software Alliance is a nonprofittrade association to advance the goals of thesoftware industry and its hardware partners,dedicated to promoting a safe and legal digitalworld. Amongst its goals are: Protecting intellectual property (copyright,

patents, tech mandates) Opening markets to barrier-free trade Data security

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Information Theft What is encryption ?

Safeguards against information theftProcess of converting plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable characters)Encryption key (formula) often uses more than one methodTo read the data, recipient must decrypt or decipher the data



Information Theft

What does an encrypted file look like?



IT Code of Conduct What is an IT code of conduct ?

Written guidelines that determine if computer actionis ethicalEmployers can distribute to employees

IT CODE OF CONDUCT


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Information Privacy What is information privacy ?

Legal for employers to use

monitoring software programs

Difficult to maintain today because data is stored onlineEmployee monitoring is using

computers to observe employeecomputer use

Right of individuals andcompanies to restrict collection

and use of information about them


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Information Privacy What are some ways to safeguard personal

information?

Fill in necessary informationon rebate, warranty, and

registration forms

Avoid shopping cluband buyers cards

Install a cookie managerto filter cookies

Inform merchants that youdo not want them to distribute

your personal information

Limit the amount of informationyou provide to Web sites; fillin only required information

Clear your history file whenyou are finished browsing

Set up a free e-mailaccount;

use this e-mail address formerchant forms

Turn off file and printsharing

on your Internet connection

Install a personal firewall

Sign up for e-mailfiltering through your

Internet service provider oruse an antispam program,

such as Brightmail

Do not reply to spamfor any reason

Surf the Web anonymouslywith a program such asFreedom Web Secure orthrough an anonymous

Web site such as

Anonymizer.com


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CT024 PDT Introduction

What is Anonymizer.com

Is a proxy server that makes Internetactivity untraceable. It protects personallyidentifying information by hiding privateinformation on the user's behalf

When users anonymize their personalinformation it can enable:1. Risk minimization

2. Taboo electronic communications3. Identity theft prevention4. Protection of search history

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Information Privacy

Data collected when you fill out form on WebMerchants sellyour electronic

profileOften you canspecify whetheryou wantpersonalinformationdistributed

What is an electronic profile ?


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Information Privacy What is a cookie ?

Set browser toaccept cookies,prompt you toaccept cookies,

or disablecookies

Some Websites sell or

tradeinformation

stored in yourcookies

Small file onyour computerthat contains

data about youUser

preferences

Interests andbrowsing

habits

Howregularlyyou visitWeb sites


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Information Privacy How do cookies work? Step 1. When you type aWeb address of a Web sitein your browser window,the browser programsearches your hard diskfor a cookie associatedwith the Web site.

Step 3. If the Web site does notreceive the cookie info and isexpecting it, the Web site createsan identification number for youin its database and sends thatnumber to your browser. Browserin turn creates a cookie file basedon that number and stores cookiefile on your hard disk. The Website now can update info in cookie

files whenever you access the site.

Web server forwww.company.c

om

Step 2. If thebrowser finds acookie, it sends theinformation incookie file to theWeb site.


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Information Privacy

What is a cookiemanager ?

Software

programthatselectivelyblockscookies


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Information Privacy

Spyware is programplaced on computerwithout usersknowledge

Secretly collectsinformationabout the user

Spam is unsolicitede-mail message sentto many recipients

h


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CT024 PDT Introduction

What is Spyware

A general term used to describe software

that performs certain behaviors without obtainingyour consent, such as:a) Advertising & Collecting personal information

b) Changing the configuration of your computer Often associated with software that displays

advertisements (called adware) or software that

tracks personal or sensitive information. It can change your computer, causing it to slow

down/crash; change your web browser's

home/search page 24


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Information Privacy

How can you control spam ?

Collects spam incentral location

that you canview any time

Service thatblocks e-mail

messages fromdesignated

sources

E -mail filtering

Sometimesremoves valid

e-mail messages

Attempts toremove spam

Anti -spam program


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Privacy Law

What privacy laws have been enacted?


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Privacy Law

What privacy laws have been enacted? (contd)


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Content FilteringProcess of restricting access to certain material

ternet Contentating Association

ICRA) providesting system ofeb contenteb filtering

oftware restrictsccess to specifiedites


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Review Questions

What are the issues surroundinginformation privacy?Explain the process of encryption and

discuss on why this process is needed.How to prevent unauthorized computeraccess and discuss the implicationsbased on the case study given.


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Q & A

Question and Answer Session


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Topic and Structure of next session

Security Issues

What we will cover next

4 c It w Ethical Legal Issues

Documents

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