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Critical Review

Mohammed A. Al Thubaiti

SWCC

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Objectives of this paper To highlight the deficiency in the project planning and

specifications used presently .

Suggest Improvements .

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Contribution of SWCC Saline Water Corporations continued efforts to

augment desalination water production in theKingdom has resulted in immense contribution to thistechnology. With the vast experience of constructingmega desalination plants SWCC revolutionised thistechnology to achieve highest cost benefit in terms ofboth the capital cost and operation cost .As a result allover the world desalination projects are implementedfollowing the experience of SWCC .

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Contribution of SWCC

SWCC has contributed to desaliantion technology in

many ways .Some of the specific area of itscontributions are

-Standardisation of project specifications for MSF,SWRO ,MED plants .

-Introducing new innovative material of construction. -Introducing healthy competition amongst suppliers

of these plants at low cost and highest quality

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Contribution of SWCC -Developing the concept of IWPP and encouraging

private investors to participate in NationalDevelopment Projects .

-Implementing environmental protection measures indesalination plants to reduce pollution.

-SWCC act as a training ground for International

desalination community .Engineers and technicianspreviously employed by SWCC manage desalinationplants all around the world .

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Need for improvement Inspite of many contribution ,SWCC strives for

continuous self assessment and correction required toimprove the future performance .

This paper highlights the areas requiring review andreview and corrections to enhance the future servicesby all the clients embarking on new desalination

projects .

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Project Specification & Consultant

Consultant form an integral part of projectspecification .

Consultant help client in Carrying out feasibility study both technical and

financial feasibility of the project .

Carryout tender evaluation using value engineering

and recommend a cost effective proposal. Site Supervision of Erection ,Testing & Commissioning

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Consultant

Essential Qualities :

Wide experience in desalination process to be adopted

MSF/MED/SWRO.Adequacy of well qualified and experienced manpower

in the filed of chemical/mechanical/piping/electrical/I&C /cost engineering .

Having good data base .

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Criteria for Selection of Project

Consultant Having knowledge of the location of project .

Having knowledge on the customs and traditions of

the client . Having knowledge on the local rules and regulations

of the country where project is executed .

Having adequate financial backup.

Proven record of integrity and unbiased judgment.

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Defining the Project Scope Desalination projects are planned to meet water

demand requirements of the region. Reasonableprojection of present and future demand should bemade to adequately size the plant .

Introducing changes after contract award will escalatecost and delay. Hence project capacity and capabilitiesshould be well defined in consultation with theNational Planning Authorities .

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Defining the Project Scope Project done near existing plant should be well defined

with respect to battery limits of interfaces.

If power is derived from existing sources then thesystem stability check should be done before initiatingthe project .

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Selection of Technology Leading desalination technologies MED/MSF/RO

compete equally .Selection should be based onavailability of

Fuel /Power .

O&M knowledge of client .

Environmental regulations and eff luent discharge.

Cost benefit analysis . Energy Efficiency.

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Project Specification

Specification should be Specific

Normally done by cutting and pasting old

specifications without relevance to projectrequirements resulting in obsolete and impracticalspecifications .

Over specifying than actual requirement escalates

cost and hence should avoided .Eg : Specifying APIstandard instead of AWWA standard for valves inwater plants or specifying 20 % margin on pump andmotor capacities .

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Project Specification

Standards referred should confirm to InternationalISO standards .

Instead of mentioned the Standard Number itsspecification class should be mentioned to avoidambiguity .

Ambiguous words like may be should be avoided .

Duplication of specification classes in various sectionsshould be avoided .All design criteria should bespecified in one chapter .

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Project Specification Specification should be written around a specific

suppliers product and should be applicable foruniversal application.

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Client

Consultant Involvement Project could be done by

Client superiority wherein all replies to contractor are

approved and issued by client .Consultant recommendtheir comments for approval .eg : SCECO Projects .

Consultant superiority Consultant execute the projectas per spec and Client monitors the progress without

any direct involvement except approval of deviationsand variation cost items .

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Client

Consultant Involvement Client and Consultant could work as a single team to

share the responsibilities .Under this method alldesign review are done jointly with contractor byconsultant and client .All site inspections are carriedout jointly .

Client /Consultant /End user could also jointly involvein critical project matters for joint approval throughMOM.

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Updating Spec During Project

ExecutionAreas where technology is fast changing like DCS,PLC

,Material Science etc., f loating specification could beadopted .However ,at the time of tendering limit onyear of adaptation of technology should be specified.

Modifying specification just to be on the top oftechnology will lead to complication in terms of costand time .

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Standardisation of Spec Standardisation helps in

Centralising O&M spares and consumables .

Easy training of O&M team. Reduce cost and time of project execution .

Ensure quality .

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Standardisation of Spec Standardisation does not permit modernisation

.Hence too much standardisation leads to quickobsolesence .

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Private Sector Involvement Specifying end product quantity and quality results in

more flexibility for private sector investors to look forproducts and contractors offering lowest cost and

quick execution of project .

It enables private investors to carryout investmentanalysis with open mind without the constraints ofmeeting client specification.

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Private Sector Involvement Specifying only the quantity and quality of end product

Could lead to inefficient process ,high energyconsumption, lack of pollution control if these parameters

are not well specified. Hence client specification should include clauses related

to

Cost of producing water

Kwhr/Cu M output Fuel Consumption/Cu M output

Contribution to green revolution

Usage of non sustainable source of energy .