4. 2009 Students Development - Copy

8/12/2019 4. 2009 Students Development - Copy

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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PART TWO

FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENT

G.P-RHULE


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DEFINITION

An increase in

complexity of functional

capacity

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SOME PRINCIPLES OF

DEVELOPMENT(NEUROLOGICAL)

Like growth, is continuous up till maturity

Sequence is the same for all children but rate

may vary even in healthy children.

Directly related to the development of the

nervous system.

The older the child more likely that

development will be influenced by

environment.

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PRINCIPLES OF DEV. CTD

Generally in the head to tail direction.

Certain primitive reflexes need to be lost

before the corresponding voluntary

movement is acquired.

Disease states may affect the rate of

development.

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DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEVELOMENT

Luke 2:52

And Jesus increased inwisdom and stature, and infavour with God and man.

Luke 1:80And the child grew, andwaxed strong in spirit, andwas in the deserts till the dayof his shewing unto Israel

1Sa 2:26 And the child Samuelwent on growingboth in statureand in goodness, both withJehovah and also with men.

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OTHER FORMS OF DEVELOPMENT

Sexual maturation (Tanner scoring.)

Dental development.

Osseous maturation. Intelligence testing.

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WHY DO WE NEED TO ASSESS DEVELOPMENT?.

To identify correctible problems early and institute

therapy .

As a diagnostic tool in children with underlying

pathology. For appropriate counselling of parents.

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MAIN AREAS OF NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Gross motor.

Fine motor and vision.

Hearing and speech. Social development

IMPORTANT TO KNOW (AND TEST!!)MILESTONES IN ALL 4 AREAS!!!

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ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 1

CHILD DEVELOPS AND REGRESSES, -

SOMETIMES OCCURS IN HIV INFECTION,

OTHER DISEASES

CHILD APPEARS TO BE DEVELOPING

NORMALLY THEN SUDDENLY STOPS OR

SLOWS DOWNACUTE INSULT,

KERNICTERUS

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ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 2

NORMAL GROSS MOTOR BUT

ABNORMAL FINE MOTORBLIND,

VISUALLY IMPAIRED?

NORMAL MOTOR, ABNORMAL SPEECH

AND LANGUAGEHEARING IMPAIRED?

ABNORMAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

ONLY ?AUTISTIC

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MILESTONES

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DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES.

AT BIRTH

Well flexed, enough head control to prevent

suffocation, but head down on ventral

suspension.

Fixes on mothers face when breastfeeding,

May follow up to 90 degrees.

Startles to loud noises.

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DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

6 WEEKS.

Holds chin up when prone, less head lag.

Follows objects 180 degrees in horizontalplane, watches people.

Social smiling begins.

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DEV. MILESTONES CTD.

12 WEEKS.

Lifts head and chest when prone.

Begins to reach but misses. Fixes and follows in the horizontal and

vertical plane.

Sustained social contact, begins to vocalise,listens to music.

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DEV. CTD.

16 WEEKS.

Lifts head and chest completely when prone.

Begins to turn from front to back.

Begins to grasp and bring to mouth. No

head lag. Bears weight on feet.

Laughs.

Clearer vocalisation.

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16 WEEKS

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DEV. CTD.

6 months

Rolls supine to prone, most Ghanaian

children are sitting without support

Reaches out and grasps objects with palmar

grasp, transfers objects.

Polysyllabic vowel sounds.

Prefers mother, stranger recognition

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5 MONTHS PALMAR GRASP

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PALMAR GRASP

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9 MONTHS

Crawling

Grasps with pincer grasp. Recognises the

permanence of objects.

Repetitive consonant sounds, passes

distraction test.

Responds to name call, plays simple games

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PINCER GRASP

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1 YEAR

Stands without support, many Ghanaian

children walk.

Full pincer grasp, releases objects on

request.

Mama, Dada + few other words.

Plays simple ball game, makes postural

adjustments when being dressed.

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18 MONTHS.

Beginning to run, walks up stairs one foot at

a time with hand held.

Tower of 4 cubes, scribbles.

10 words, names pictures, begins to identify

body parts.

Feeds self, tells when wet or soiled.

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2 YEARS

Runs steadily, down stairs one foot at a time,

opens doors, climbs furniture.

Tower 7 cubes, circular scribbling.

3 word sentences-(subject, verb, object).

Handles spoon well, tells immediate

experiences, listens to stories, very wilful!!

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EARLY CHILDHOOD SCREENING TOOL

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EARLY CHILDHOOD SCREENING TOOL

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4. 2009 Students Development - Copy

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