3rd International OTEC Symposium, UTM KL, 1-2 September...

3rd International OTEC UTM KL, 1-2 September 2015

“OVERCOMING BARRIERS THROUGH POLICY ADVOCACY &

INVESTMENT PROMOTION:

THE CASE OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGYMALAYSIA”MALAYSIA”

By

Dato’ Ir Dr A. Bakar Jaafar,

Professor, UTM Perdana School of Science, Technology, & Innovation

& Co-Chair, UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre

1 September 2015 UTM KL A-Bakar Jaafar @3rd International OTEC Symposium

International OTEC Symposium, 2 September 2015

“OVERCOMING BARRIERS THROUGH POLICY ADVOCACY &

INVESTMENT PROMOTION:

THE CASE OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA”MALAYSIA”

By

Dato’ Ir Dr A. Bakar Jaafar, FASc

School of Science, Technology, & Innovation

Chair, UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre

Bakar Jaafar @3rd International OTEC Symposium 1

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BARRIERS

3. OVERCOMING BARRIERS

4. EFFORTS IN POLICY ADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTION4. EFFORTS IN POLICY ADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTION

5. OUTCOME

6. THE WAY FORWARD


OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

ADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTIONADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTION


1. INTRODUCTION

• OTEC Resource Assessment

• OTEC Potential in Malaysia

• The First Five Promising Sites for OTEC Projects in MalaysiaOTEC Projects in Malaysia


Malaysian Marine Survey in the South China Sea (MyMRS

(2006-2008)


29,850 sq km

76,060

OTEC POTENTIAL IN MALAYSIA

Kuala BaramTotal Area=131,120 sq km (>700 m)

Total OTEC Potential =105,000 MW

By 2030, installed capacity of OTEC development could reach 2500 MW, i.e. to match nuclear power


76,060 sq km

Kota Kinabalu

Labuan

Kuala Penyu

P. BalambanganP.Banggi

25,210 sq km

Kuala Baram30 km

Semporna

20 km

SP1H

By 2030, installed capacity of OTEC development 2500 MW, i.e. to match nuclear power

4Bakar Jaafar @3rd International OTEC Symposium

2. BARRIERS

• “OTEC, not viable …”, high initial capital requirement;

• “OTEC in Malaysia, also not viable …”, the deep waters are very far (generally 60 km away from the nearest coastlines);

• “Energy = Electricity,” nothing else!• “Energy = Electricity,” nothing else!

• “Technology not yet to be developed at commercial scale …”;

• “No laws governing OTEC development in Malaysia

• “No agency or institution, championing


“OTEC, not viable …”, high initial capital requirement;

“OTEC in Malaysia, also not viable …”, the deep waters are very far (generally 60 km away from the nearest coastlines);

“Energy = Electricity,” nothing else!“Energy = Electricity,” nothing else!

“Technology not yet to be developed at commercial scale …”;

No laws governing OTEC development in Malaysia …”; and

institution, championing OTEC in Malaysia …”


3.1 OVERCOMING BARRIERS: HIGH INITIAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

100 MW


100 MW(20-year period)

Note: Price of Oil : USD 100/barrel

OVERCOMING BARRIERS: HIGH INITIAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

• By introducing project-life costing;

• By realising that “renewable”, “virtually free”;“virtually free”;

• By highlighting “cost-saving” over project life;


3

4

5

6

7

8

US

D 1

00

Mil

lio

n

OIL-FIRED

Capital Cost

Fuel Cost

O&M Cost

WITH OTEC, TO SAVE OVER USD 5 billion/ 100 MW

-

1

2

3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

O&M Cost

100 MW Plant

OIL Total Cost: USD 7.7 billion

Years


3

4

5

6

7

8

US

D 1

00

Mil

lio

n

OTEC

Capita

O&M

WITH OTEC, TO SAVE OVER USD 5 billion/ 100 MW

-

1

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

100 MW Plant

OTEC Total Cost: USD 1.5 billion

Years


… 3.2 OVERCOMING BARRIERS:

OTEC in Malaysia, also not viable …”, the deep waters are very far (generally 60 km away from the nearest


OVERCOMING BARRIERS:

OTEC in Malaysia, also not viable …”, the deep waters are very far (generally 60 km away from the nearest coastlines)

• There are potential users of OTEC power in the deep waters of Malaysia, because there exists deep water oil & gas production;


100m

200m

300m

400m

Samarang10m

St Joseph12m

Sumandak52m

Kinabalu55m

KNNAG55m

Erb West62m

Tembungo71m

SM Kechil55m

Water Depth

*Zuhal East35m

*Kebabangan142m

500m

600m

700m

800m

900m

1000m

1100m

1200m

1300m

Water Depth

Height 452m

>1300mFloating Production, Storage & Offloading (FPSO)

Jacket Platform

Legend:

Subsea WellheadTension Leg Platform

PETRONAS Floating Liquefied Natural Gas 2 (PFLNG2)

Truss Spar Platform


Deepwater Production Off Sabah & Promising OTEC Project Sites

Kinarut162m

Kikeh1300m

*Malikai565m

*Gumusut Kakap1220m

*Kebabangan

**Limbayong1200m

****UbahUbah1448m1448m

****SiakapSiakapNorth North PetaiPetai

1490m1490m **Rotan**Rotan1500m1500m

**Kamunsu East750m

Note:*Project in progress**Under study/consideration

Operator

Ref: Mohamed Firouz Asnan, 10 December 2013Kota Kinabalu, Sabah


… 3.3 OVERCOMING BARRIERS: ENERGY=ELECTRICITY, NOTHING ELSE

• If there is no immediate take-up of thbe used, by electrolysis, to generate hydrogen fuel;

• Why H2 fuel?


OVERCOMING BARRIERS: ENERGY=ELECTRICITY, NOTHING ELSE

up of the generated electricity, it would be used, by electrolysis, to generate hydrogen fuel;


HYDROGEN

NG

HYDROGEN: THE MOST DOMINANT ENERGY CARRIER IN 21

COAL


Ref: IbrahimDincer (2008)

HYDROGEN

HYDROGEN: THE MOST DOMINANT ENERGY CARRIER IN 21ST CENTURY

OIL Note: Chilled Water

Liquid N2, Liquid CO2


… 3.4 OVERCOMING BARRIERSNOT YET DEVELOPED @COMMERCIAL SCALE


OVERCOMING BARRIERS: OTEC TECHNOLOGY NOT YET DEVELOPED @COMMERCIAL SCALE

• Not quite true;

• Offshore 10 MWe net is to be commissioned by 2018

[Refer presentation by Mr Thierry [Refer presentation by Mr Thierry Bouchet of DCNS]


… 3.5 OVERCOMING BARRIERSGOVERNING OTEC DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

There exists:

1. Territorial Sea Act of 2012; or

2. Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1984.

[Refer presentation by Datin Sharina[Refer presentation by Datin SharinaRani of UTM OTEC]


OVERCOMING BARRIERS: NO LAWS GOVERNING OTEC DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1984.

Sharina Shaukat of MIMA & Mohd HarisSharina Shaukat of MIMA & Mohd Haris


Our Vision: Our Vision: Our Vision: Our Vision:

From From From From Three Three Three Three Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge to to to to

Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity

for Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable Future

…… 3.6 OVERCOMING BARRIERS:

“NO AGENCY & INSTITUTION, CHAMPIONING THE CAUSE …”

UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [U

Block Block Block Block Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM JalanJalanJalanJalan Sultan Sultan Sultan Sultan YahyaYahyaYahyaYahya

EEEE----mail: mail: mail: mail: [email protected]@[email protected]@gmail.com

KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE & THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

((((((((AlAlAlAlAlAlAlAl--------Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27Quran 24:40; 18:109; 31:27))))))))

OCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERYOCEAN OF DISCOVERY


, CHAMPIONING THE CAUSE …”

On

3 January

2013,

University of

Technology

Malaysia

established

UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [U----OTEC], OTEC], OTEC], OTEC],

YahyaYahyaYahyaYahya Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Kuala Kuala Kuala Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected]@[email protected]@gmail.com Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

))))))))

established

Its

Ocean

Thermal

Energy

Centre


@UTM OTEC: The Preferred

Technology, for Commercialisation


@UTM OTEC: The Preferred Path, with Existing Knowledge of

Commercialisation=>Development=>Research


www.utm.my

Tel: +603 2615 4684 Fax: +603 2615 4283

University of Technology Malaysia, Jalan

Mobile: +6012 3207201 D’ABJ


www.utm.my

16

Tel: +603 2615 4684 Fax: +603 2615 4283 www.utmotec.wordspress.com

Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mobile: +6012 3207201 D’ABJ

Bakar Jaafar @3rd International OTEC Symposium

4. EFFORTS IN POLICY ADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTION:

TO ESTABLISHMENT OF UTM-OTEC

[Since 3 January 2013]

26 March 2015 A-Bakar Jaafar @UTMH BOD Meeting

Before

UTM OTEC

(20)

After

(49)

4. EFFORTS IN POLICY ADVOCACY & INVESTMENT PROMOTION: POST & PRIOR

OTEC

@UTMH BOD Meeting 17

AAAA----Z INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTEC

1. ACC-Arab Construction Corporation of Dubai

2. AFG-AFG Listings of New York

3. Akhtiar-AKHTIARJAYA

4. ANGKA-ANGKASA Co-Op

5. APEX-ENIGMA

6. ARK-ARKITEK JURURANCANG

7. ASM–Akademi Sains Malaysia

16. FELCRA CEO

17. FELCRA Chairman

18. FELDA FIC

19. FIDES

20. Harvest

21. IEM

22. IOC-

23. JKCS

24. JPM

25. JUPEM

26. KEJORA7. ASM–Akademi Sains Malaysia

9. CCMB-CCM Bhd

10. CETDEM

11. DCNS

12. DELTA-DELTA MARINE

13. EC-Energy Commission

14. ENSE-ENSEARCH

15. EPU

26. KEJORA

27. KETTHA

28. KRISO

28. Kumpulan Modal Perdana(KMP)

29. LTAT

30. LOBS

31. MASER

32. MENTOR

33. MIDA

34. MIER

Z INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTECZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM OTEC

16. FELCRA CEO

17. FELCRA Chairman

18. FELDA FIC

19. FIDES-FIDES Advisory

20. Harvest-Harvest Crest Industries Bhd

-WESTPAC

23. JKCS -JAWATANKUASA KEBANGSAAN CONTINENTAL SHELF

24. JPM–YB Senator Dato’ Sri Abd Wahid Omar

25. JUPEM

26. KEJORA26. KEJORA

27. KETTHA

28. KRISO–Korean Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering

28. Kumpulan Modal Perdana(KMP)

29. LTAT

30. LOBS-LOBSTERS AQUA TECHNOLOGIES

31. MASER-MASER MARINE

32. MENTOR

33. MIDA

34. MIER

… M… M… M… M----Z INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM

35. MIDF

36. MIGHT

37. MFA-MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS-Permanent Representative to UN

38. MKN-Secretary of National Security Council

39. MOE – Ministry of Education

40. MOSTI-Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation

41. MOT-Ministry of Transport

42. MFC -MUAMLAH FINANCIAL CONSULTING

43. NUSANTARA

44. NOAA-US National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration

45. OTE C–OTE Corporation USA

46. PASDEC

47. PEMA-PEMANDU

48. PETR-PETRONAS

49. PETR-Petronas Chemicals Bhd


Z INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTMZ INSTITUTIONS BRIEFED BY UTM----OTECOTECOTECOTEC

50. PM –MIMA Notes & Letter to YAB PM

51. SAGA-Institute of Ocean Energy of Saga University (IOES)

52. SOJ-Secretariat to Japanese Cabinet on Ocean Policy

53. SEDIA–Sabah Economic Development and Investment

Authority: CEO & Board

54. SEKRETARIAT KEPADA MAJLIS KESELAMATAN NEGARA

55. TECHNIP

56. TOKYO, University of Tokyo

57. UKAS, JPM

58. UM-University of Malaysa

59. UMT-UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu59. UMT-UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu

60. UNA-UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE ALUMNI

61. UPM–UniversitivPutra Malaysia

62. USM–Universiti Sains Malaysia

63. UTM–Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

64. UTM Holdings Sdn Bhd

65. UUM–Universiti Utara Malaysia

66. WOLF -WOLF INDUSTRIES

67. WZ-WZ SATU BHD

68. XENESYS –Xenesys Inc. (Japan)

69. YEE PRECAST DESIGN–[Yee Dsg.]

@UTMH BOD Meeting 19

(10%)

ORG.

COM.MY

EDU.MY

Figure 2. Stakeholders’ Engagement by Type of Institution in Malaysia and Abroad, 2007

GOVERNMENT AGENCY/COMMITTEE (GA)

UNIVERSITY (UNI)

COM.MY


(45%)

(18%)

(10%)

(17%)

2007 - 2014

ORG.

GOV.MY

COM.MY

20

Figure 2. Stakeholders’ Engagement by Type of Institution in Malaysia and Abroad, 2007-2014

(18%)

GOVERNMENT AGENCY/COMMITTEE (GA) My.COMPANY (My)

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTION (INT.)

COM.MY

@UTMH BOD Meeting

5.1 OUTCOME: INVESTMENT PROMOTION

OTEC has been promoted in Malaysia since 2007;

But, since the establishment of UTM OTEC in January 2013, the number of activities has increased by 140% in the last two years over the first 6period of 2007-2012; and

• As a result: the first four or 5 SPVs have been incorporated, namely,

- Deep Sea Thermal Solutions Sdn Bhd- Deep Sea Thermal Solutions Sdn Bhd

(X+10 in kind) % UTM Holdings Sdn Bhd

- UTM OTEC Sdn Bhd;

- UTM OTEC Solutions Sdn Bhd;

- Pro-Active MH Resources Sdn Bhd; and

- [Sustainable Ocean Thermal Energy Resources


PROMOTION

OTEC has been promoted in Malaysia since 2007;

But, since the establishment of UTM OTEC in January 2013, the number of activities has increased by 140% in the last two years over the first 6-year

SPVs have been incorporated, namely,

[(90-X%) PASDEC; [(90-X%) PASDEC;

Bhd];

; and

[Sustainable Ocean Thermal Energy Resources Sdn Bhd (SOUTHER)]


5.2 OUTCOME OF POLICY

• The subject of “ocean energy” has been incorporated in 11Plan (2016-2020):


.2 OUTCOME OF POLICY ADVOCACY

The subject of “ocean energy” has been incorporated in 11th Malaysia

“Ocean Energy”=>

• Ocean thermal energy;

• Offshore wind energy;

• Tidal movement;


• Tidal movement;

• Oceanic current;

• Wave energy; and

• Salinity gradient

… 5.2 OUTCOME OF POLICY ADVOCACY

• An OTEC project can gain access up to RM 200 million of Facilitation Fund under the Public-Private Partnership Unit, Prime Minister’s Department;

• A proposed OTEC project can be submitted Development Authority (MIDA), under oneDevelopment Authority (MIDA), under onebe eligible to a range of incentives, including Investment Tax Allowance, Exemption of Import Duties

• An OTEC project is eligible for a “greeGreen Technology Corporation (MGTC) interest rate; and

• OTEC, is the next choice, over nuclear energy


OUTCOME OF POLICY ADVOCACY

An OTEC project can gain access up to RM 200 million of Facilitation Private Partnership Unit, Prime Minister’s

A proposed OTEC project can be submitted to Malaysian Investment under one-stop approval centre, and under one-stop approval centre, and

be eligible to a range of incentives, including Investment Tax Allowance, Exemption of Import Duties etc;

r a “green certificate” issued by Malaysia Corporation (MGTC) for a 2% reduction in loan

the next choice, over nuclear energy


6. THE WAY FORWARD

• The 1st Public-Funded OTEC Project off Pulau Layang-Layangunder 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020)

• The 1st Private-Funded OTEC Project supplying power to deep water oil & gas production, the surplus of which to generate H2 fuel


. THE WAY FORWARD

Pulau Layang-Layang



11111111thththth MALAYSIA PLAN: OTECMALAYSIA PLAN: OTECMALAYSIA PLAN: OTECMALAYSIA PLAN: OTEC----CCCCIIIITTTTYYYY ooooffffffff

PULAU LAYANGPULAU LAYANGPULAU LAYANGPULAU LAYANG----L AYANGL AYANGL AYANGL AYANG[Proposed to be commercialised,

with RM 350mOTEC Plant, Public Funded]

With

Water,

Food,

Energy +++

“ … to sustain human habitation or “ with “the

economic life of their own.” [UNCLOS, 1982

Article 121 (3)]


29,850 sq km

76,060 sq km

LL2H

GK1E

KB2E

OTEC POTENTIAL IN MALAYSIA &THE FIRST FIVE OTEC POTENTIAL SITES

Kuala Baram

KB2E

Total Area=131,120 sq km (>700 m)

Total OTEC Potential =105,000 MW

By 2030, installed capacity of OTEC development could reach 2500 MW, i.e. to match nuclear power


76,060 sq km

Kota Kinabalu

Labuan

Kuala Penyu

P. Balambangan

GK1E

PB3E

OTEC POTENTIAL IN MALAYSIA &THE FIRST FIVE OTEC POTENTIAL SITES

P.Banggi

25,210 sq km

Kuala Baram30 km

Semporna

20 km

SP1H

By 2030, installed capacity of OTEC development 2500 MW, i.e. to match nuclear power

SP1H


Health &

High Value

Produce

Temperate

Produce

“Import

Substitutions”

-H2

Mineral H20

Health &

Cosmetics

Lithium

Production


FURTHER INNOVATION WITH THE RE

OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES:

=>OTEC SPIN-OFF INDUSTRIES

Ms Earth Japan, 20

Capture-Fisheries

Mineral H20

Smart

With

All

Renewa

Ms Earth Japan, 20


Future Target and Proposed Roadmap for OTEC in Malaysia2020-2050 [As at 24 April 201by Dato’ Ir Dr A Bakar Jaafar]

Year Capacity (MW) Growth Rate (%)

2020 20 -

2025 850 -

2030 2500 142030 2500 14

2035 5000 14

2040 10000 14

2045 20000 14

2050 40000 14


Proposed Roadmap for OTEC in MalaysiaApril 2015][Revised after ASM CFE Workshop

by Dato’ Ir Dr A Bakar Jaafar]

Rate (%) Remark

2x10 MW public-private RMK-11

For 7% reduction in carbon intensity

To match nuclear power

28



To meet H2 demand

Bakar Jaafar @3rd International OTEC Symposium

2012 2015

OTEC 0 0

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

ScenarioScenarioScenarioScenario----2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by

OTEC 0 0

Fuel Cell 0 0

Bioenergy 809 1,455

Wind Energy 0 0

Solar PV 7 437

Nuclear 0 0

Wave/ Tidal/ Current 0 0

Hydropower 9,056 9,084

Geothermal 0 0

Fossil Fuel 124,596 134,571 151,656

Total 134,468 145,547 164,675

Source:

ASM TF CFE


2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

134 2,848 7,884 15,768 27,594 47,304 59,129

2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by 2: Electricity Generation by Energy Source, Energy Source, Energy Source, Energy Source, GWhGWhGWhGWh

134 2,848 7,884 15,768 27,594 47,304 59,129

16 354 1,665 4,054 11,603 27,782 53,194

1,567 4,088 7,553 12,535 14,832 17,823 21,049

547 1,095 2,601 5,913 10,052 14,520 18,922

790 1,579 2,631 3,999 6,314 9,502 11,913

0 0 12,264 12,264 12,264 12,264 11,650

219 548 751 3,548 5,868 7,603 9,662

9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531 9,531

216 382 531 1,264 2,122 3,174 4,318

151,656 165,891 165,388 169,623 169,661 155,798 146,047

164,675 186,316 210,800 238,500 269,841 305,300 345,417


2012 2015 2020

OTEC 0.0 0.0 0.1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ScenarioScenarioScenarioScenario----2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %

OTEC 0.0 0.0 0.1

Fuel Cell 0.0 0.0 0.0

Bioenergy 0.6 1.0 1.0

Wind Energy 0.0 0.0 0.3

Solar PV 0.0 0.3 0.5

Nuclear 0.0 0.0 0.0

Wave/ Tidal/ Current 0.0 0.0 0.1

Hydropower 6.7 6.2 5.8

Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.1

Fossil Fuel 92.7 92.5 92.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source:

ASM TF CFE

(2015)


2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1.5 3.7 6.6 10.2 15.5 17.1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %2: Shares of Energy Sources in Electricity Generation, %

1.5 3.7 6.6 10.2 15.5 17.1

0.2 0.8 1.7 4.3 9.1 15.4

2.2 3.6 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.1

0.6 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.8 5.5

0.8 1.2 1.7 2.3 3.1 3.4

0.0 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.0 3.4

0.3 0.4 1.5 2.2 2.5 2.8

5.1 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.1 2.8

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3

92.1 89.0 78.5 71.1 62.9 51.0 42.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Our Vision: Our Vision: Our Vision: Our Vision:

From From From From Three Three Three Three Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge Columns of Knowledge to to to to

Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity Three Towers of Prosperity

for Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable Futurefor Sustainable FutureGRACIAS

MERCI

SPASBO

TERIMA KASIH3W Micro

UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [U

Block Block Block Block Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM Q Ground Floor, UTM JalanJalanJalanJalan Sultan Sultan Sultan Sultan YahyaYahyaYahyaYahya

EEEE----mail: mail: mail: mail: [email protected]@[email protected]@gmail.com

SPASBO

SYUKRAN

THANK YOU

XIE-XIE


3W Micro-OTEC @UTM OTEC Block Q Commissioned on 22 May 2015

UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [UUTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre [U----OTEC], OTEC], OTEC], OTEC],

YahyaYahyaYahyaYahya Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Petra , 54100 Kuala Kuala Kuala Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected]@[email protected]@gmail.com Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201Mobile: +60 12 320 7201


3rd International OTEC Symposium, UTM KL, 1-2 September...

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