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3rd generation mobile system

Definition of 3G

3G is an ITU specification for the third generation (analog cellular was the first generation,

digital PCS the second) of mobile communications technology. 3G promises

increased bandwidth, up to 384 Kbps when a device is stationary or moving at pedestrian

speed, 128 Kbps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications. 3G will work over wireless air

interfaces such as GSM,TDMA, and CDMA. The new EDGE air interface has been

developed specifically to meet the bandwidth needs of 3G.

3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile

phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile

Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International

Telecommunication Union.[1] Application services include wide-area wireless

voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile

environment.

Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G,

indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network. Services

advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for

reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is

required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). However, many

services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for

a 3G service. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile

broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.

The following standards are typically branded 3G:

the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in

Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other regions

predominated byGSM 2G system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS

and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same

infrastructure:

o The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA.

o The TD-SCDMA radio interface was commercialised in 2009 and is only

offered in China.

o The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s

in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the

uplink.

the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used especially

in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-95 2G standard.

The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest

release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.

The above systems and radio interfaces are based on kindred spread spectrum radio

transmission technology. While the GSM EDGE standard ("2.9G"), DECT cordless phones

and Mobile WiMAX standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are

approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on

completely different technologies.

A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year

since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new

frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible transmission technology.

The first release of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard does not completely

fulfill the ITU 4G requirements called IMT-Advanced. First release LTE is not backwards

compatible with 3G, but is a pre-4G or 3.9G technology, however sometimes branded "4G"

by the service providers. Its evolution LTE Advanced is a 4G technology. WiMAX is another

technology verging on or marketed as 4G.

The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and development projects started in 1992. In

1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457

Recommendation; WiMAX was added in 2007.[3]

There are evolutionary standards (EDGE and CDMA) that are backwards-compatible

extensions to pre-existing 2G networks as well as revolutionary standards that require all-

new network hardware and frequency allocations. The cell phones used utilise UMTS in

combination with 2G GSM standards and bandwidths, but do not support EDGE.[4] The latter

group is the UMTS family, which consists of standards developed for IMT-2000, as well as

the independently developed standards DECT and WiMAX, which were included because

they fit the IMT-2000 definition.

[edit]History

The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan, branded

as FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of W-CDMA technology.[8] The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001,

although it was initially somewhat limited in scope;[9][10] broader availability of the system

was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability.[11]

The first European pre-commercial network was an UMTS network on the Isle of

Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first

commercial network (also UMTS based W-CDMA) in Europe was opened for business

by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying customers.

The first network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the

CDMA-based 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean

3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see competition

among 3G operators.

The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks,

on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut down operations.

The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in July 2002 also on

CDMA2000 1x EV-DO.[12] AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G UMTS network, having

completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA.

The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere[dubious – discuss] was

built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS on

2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World Congress. The first

commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications branded

as Three or "3" in J June 2003.

Emtel Launched the first 3G network in Africa.

By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile

phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched

first – Japan and South Korea – 3G penetration is over 70%.[13] In Europe the leading country

is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G

migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A

confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers.

If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007

and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.

3G Mobile Phone System

Mobile telephony had the capacity to allow us to communicate whilst on the move.  The

internet converted raw data into supporting services that individuals found easy to

use.  These two technologies then merged together to produce third generation mobile

services

Third generation mobile communications systems have several names such as 3G,

UMTS and WCDMA they assure us that they will heighten mobile communications to

better speed limits.  Amongst the criteria set they plan to establish speedy Internet

surfing, advanced value-added services telephony.  3G technology is an improvement

upon 2G systems in two ways.  The first being a step towards packet switching from

circuit switching.  Packet switching tends to use the communication system more

effectively, consequently boosting the capacity of the system.  Packet switching also

permits users to always be online.  This means elimination in the need for users to “dial

up”.  Through judicious use of the frequency spectrum and inventive coding methods,

3G technology is poised to achieve bit rates up to 2 Mbps.

Features

Why 3G, Here are the features:

Video Streaming that actually works.

Video Streaming is possible even over GPRS or EDGE but its very slow.

You will be able to watch a Cricket match Live on the road with live video and audio.

Video Calling.

Have you ever wondered why there is an additional camera above the display in some

phones?

The camera is meant to be used for Video Calling. You can actually see the other

person face to face and talk.

Faster Downloads and Browsing.

   Downlink &uplink frequency

  This specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standards are 1885-2025(uplink) and 2110-22000 MHz for the base to mobile(downlink)   

 

US: There is Uplink and Downlink and both are on different FrequencyEx - AT&T 850MHz uplink and 1900MHz downlinkEx - T-Mobile 1700MHz uplink 2100MHz downlink

Asia: Both Uplink and Downlink is on the same frequencyEx - Singtel 2100MHz

Modulation method of 3G

Wcdma 3G uses QPSK modulation.

QPSK-quardraphase shift keying

                                  3G Mobile Broadband

Mobile Broadband is an existing new technology that allows you to connect to the Internet without the usual ADSL router and telephone line setup. What's more, you are not limited to using your connection in the house - as the name suggests it allows you to connect while your mobile as it uses wireless technology, so you can access Internet and e-mail anywhere (as long as you have a signal). You could say it is like having your own person WiFi Hotspot following you!

Key Features 

Download at up to 7.2Mbps in some areas - Mobile Broadband compares to normal broadband*

No telephone landline or ADSL micro filters required for service activation

Mobile Broadband uses wireless technology so there are no cables to keep tidy

"Mobile" Internet connection - access the Internet from your laptop while you are out of your house*

For those who want to enjoy mobile connectivity without any long-term commitment, PAYG Mobile Broadband provides a good option

Important: Check 3G coverage before you buy, or you could find that you don't have coverage in your area.

Data rates

ITU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment

or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that

the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that

IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for

stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"[21] the ITU does not actually

clearly specify minimum or average rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so

various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet customers’ expectations of broadband data.

Applications of 3G

The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not

previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are:

Mobile TV

Video on demand

Videoconferencing

Telemedicine

Location-based services

3G technology is the latest in mobile communications. 3G stands for "third generation" -- this

makes analog cellular technology generation one and digital/PCS generation two. 3G

technology is intended for the true multimedia cell phone -- typically called smartphones --

and features increased bandwidth and transfer rates to accommodate Web-based applications

and phone-based audio and video files.

3G comprises several cellular access technologies. The three most common ones as of 2005

are:

CDMA2000   - based on 2G Code Division Multiple Access (see Cellular Access

Technologies)

WCDMA   (UMTS) - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

TD-SCDMA   - Time-division Synchronous Code-division Multiple Access

3G networks have potential transfer speeds of up to 3 Mbps (about 15 seconds to download a

3-minuteMP3  song). For comparison, the fastest 2G phones can achieve up to 144Kbps

(about 8 minutes to download a 3-minute song). 3G's high data rates are ideal for

downloading information from the Internet and sending and receiving large, multimedia files.

3G phones are like mini-laptops and can accommodate broadband applications like video

conferencing, receiving streaming video from the Web, sending and receiving faxes and

instantly downloading e-mail messages with attachments.

Of course, none of this would be possible without those soaring towers that carry cell-phone

signals from phone to phone.

3G is a cell phone network protocol. Click here to learn about network protocols for

Smartphones

Does anyone have an explanation on why the 3G implemented in the US is different from the

one that is implemented from Asia?

Advantage and disadvantage of 3G

Third-generation, or 3G, technology is a wireless network technology that is

commonly utilized in smart phones like iPhones and Blackberries. While its

predecessor, second-generation (2G) technology, was formulated around voice

applications (like talking, call-waiting and voicemail), 3G technology puts a strong

emphasis on Internet and multimedia services, such as web browsing, video

conferencing and downloading music. And while there are several advantages to 3G,

the technology also comes with its disadvantages.

High Bandwidth

High bandwith---the measure of transmission capacity---is one of the selling points of

3G. This allows you quick and easy access to all of your favorite online multimedia

and Internet tools, just like you were at home on a computer. You can pay bills, book

dinner reservations, update social networking pages and check emails, all on-the-go.

While the maximum bandwidth for a stationary 3G device---according to Silicon

Press---is 2.05 megabytes (MB), when you are moving slowly (such as walking), this

drops to 384 kilobytes (KB). When you and your device are moving at high speeds

(such as in a car), the maximum bandwidth drops to 128 KB. However, Silicon Press

notes that this is still 10 times faster than the maximum bandwidth of moving 2G

devices.

Always-Online Devices

Another advantage of 3G technology is that it can utilize packet-based Internet

protocol connectivity. This means your mobile device will always be online and ready

for Internet access. However, you will not actually pay for the connection until you

start sending or receiving data packets, such as sending an email or looking at a

webpage. Some 3G devices are also designed to automatically pick up the closest,

free-to-access Wi-Fi signals, in which case, you won't have to pay anything for

Internet.

Associated Costs

To support 3G technology, updates need to be made to the current cellular

infrastructure. According to 3G Internet, this means installing new 3G equipment at---

ideally---every current cellular base station and acquiring new frequencies for 3G

transmissions. Both of these undertakings are extremely expensive and could take a

long time to complete fully. In addition, in order to utilize all of the new features 3G

technology has to offer, customers must purchase 3G-compatilible handsets, which

are generally more expensive than their 2G counterparts.

Power Requirements

In addition to being more expensive, 3G handsets also require more power than most

2G models. According to Silicon Press, this extra power requirement can translate to

larger batteries, shortage usage periods between recharging and more bulky handsets

overall.

Security

.3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User

Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is

the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block

crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in

the KASUMI cipher have been identified.[22]

In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when

application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.

Conclusion

At last we can say that 3G is very need for us with respect to modern technical world. It has

many advantage, we discussed it, and disadvantage also. Everything has this. but we are

human being so we should avoid this. Its bandwidth is high, always is online. no separate bill

for 3G and we can play videogamesalso. Main merits of this is mobile broadband. this will

bring us in a different world.