3m termination
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Transcript of 3m termination
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TERMINATING THEORY & PRODUCTS
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cause serious injury or death. Installation should be performed by personnel familiar with good safety practice in handling high voltage electrical equipment. De-energize and ground all electrical systems before installing product.
Caution: Working around energized high-voltage systems may
TERMINATING THEORY & PRODUCTS
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CLASS 1 TERMINATION(IEEE Standard 48)
• Electric Stress Control for the Cable Shield Terminus
• External Leakage Insulation between H.V. Conductor and Ground (Tracking Protection)
• A Seal to the External Environment
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I. STRESS CONTROL
Semi-conducting Shield Layer
For the Cable Shield Terminus
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NO STRESS CONTROL
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TraditionalGEOMETRIC STRESS CONE
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DIELECTRIC (HIGH-K) STRESS CONTROL
High-K (high dielectric constant) material is used to reduce stress at the shield discontinuity by field refraction due to different K values of two adjacent dielectric layers.
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HI-K STRESS CONTROL
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EXAMPLE: Snell’s Law of Refraction
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TRADITIONALSTRESS CONE
TERMINATION
HIGH-KSTRESS CONTROLTERMINATION
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II. EXTERNAL LEAKAGE INSULATIONBetween Conductor & Ground
THEINSULATOR
FLASHOVER PROTECTION TRACKING PROTECTION
BIL per (IEEE 48)
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TRACKING
• MOISTURE- Humidity- Fog- Condensation- Mist- Snow- Rain
• CONTAMINATION- Dust- Chemicals- Salt- Other Airborne Particles
• VOLTAGE- Surface Stress (V/mil)
Three Conditions Must Exist:
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DISCHARGE FORMATION Surface Resistance
Reduced When Wet
DRY BANDS
ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
(Generated in Dry Band Areas)
(Areas of Higher Surface Resistance)
&Concentrated
Voltage Gradient
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Ways To CONTROL TRACKING
3. Track Resistant Materials- Porcelain
- Silicone Rubber- Inorganic Fillers in EVA (Heat Shrink)- Inorganic Fillers in Rubber
2. Rain Shed (Insulator Skirts)
1. Increase Distance from HV to Ground
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Advantages of Silicone Rubber as INSULATOR MATERIAL
4. Silicone is Mostly Inorganic -- (No Conducting Carbon Path)
3. Silicone is Inherently UV-Stable
2. Silicone Can Recover Its Hydrophobicity
1. Silicone is Hydrophobic
5. Silicone Has a Smooth Surface
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ExamplesHYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILICSILICONE RUBBER PORCELAIN
Hydrophilic(Surface “Wets”)
Hydrophobic(Water “Balls-up”)
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HYDROPHOBICVS
HYDROPHILIC
HYDROPHOBIC HYDROPHILIC
Contact Angle
Energy from leakage current can cause insulator surfaces to become hydrophilic
Water “balls” up Surface “wets” out
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Recovery of Contact Angle for SILICONE RUBBER TERMINATIONS
Recovery of Contact Angle
24 Hrs. (Recovered)
90 Deg. Recovery
(Based on study performed in cooperation with Arizona State University)
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SILICONE RUBBER INSULATORCoated with ASTM D-2132 Contaminant
Surface remains “Hydrophobic”
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EPDM INSULATOR
UV Damage
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SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS
• Silicone Insulators are superior to EPDM, EVA and porcelain insulators
• Silicone is more hydrophobic than other polymers or porcelain
• Silicone has the ability to regenerate its hydrophobicity in the event that high-leakage current changes its state
• Silicone Insulators are inherently stable to UV due to its high backbone bond energy
• 3M™ Silicone Rubber Terminations - In use 30+ years with excellent results
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III. SEAL
To the External Environment
Top Seal
Bottom Seal
PottingCompound(Conductor Seal)
(Jacket Seal)
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SEALINGwith
TAPE
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POTTINGwith
RESIN
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SEALINGwith
HEAT SHRINK
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SEALINGwith
COLD SHRINK
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HEAT SHRINK TERMINATION
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Example ofHEAT SHRINK TERMINATION
Raychem HVT
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Heat Shrink TerminationINSTALLATION
(2)
Stress ControlTube
(1)
Stress Relief Material
(Semi-con StepFiller)
(Special Torch,“Bushy” Flame)
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(4)
Jacket Seal
(3)
Top Seal
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(6)SeparateInsulator
Skirts
(5) Separate Insulator
TubeAllow Tube
To CoolBefore
ProceedingShrinkEvenly
With no Tilt or Sag
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COMPLETEDTERMINATION(S)
Outdoor Termination(with skirts)
Indoor Termination(same, but without skirts)
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COLD SHRINK TERMINATION
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Examples of Silicone RubberCOLD SHRINK TERMINATIONS
Joslyn JPT & Plymouth/Bishop ColdTerm
3M™ QT-II Termination 3M™ QT-III Termination
Plymouth JoslynSiliconeTape Top Seal
SiliconeTape Top Seal
Pull Tabs
Integrated 1-Piece
SiliconeGrease Silicone
Grease
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Examples of Silicone RubberCOLD APPLIED (Shrink) TERMINATIONS
Raychem TFT
Twist & slide off of holdout tube onto cable
“Holdout” Tube
Adjust into final position if necessary
Use pull tabs to position over jacket
VITAL STEP: Loosentermination by twistinguntil it moves on holdout
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Typical Cold Shrink TerminationINSTALLATION
Apply mastic seal around jacket& neutral wires
Apply siliconegrease to fillsemi-con step
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Install terminationby removing supporting core
Complete top sealwith applicationof silicone rubber tape
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COMPLETEDTERMINATION(S)
Outdoor Termination(With Skirts)
Indoor Termination(Tubular, without Skirts)
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BENEFITS of COLD SHRINK
• Environmentally Stable Materials
• Broad Application Range
• Live Seal
• Good Interfacial Pressure
• Low Installation Force
• No Tools for Installation
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INTRODUCING: 3M™ QT-III Termination
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IMPROVED SILICONE RUBBER Cold Shrink Termination
• SMALLER SIZE - Easier mounting
• IMPROVED HIGH-K STRESS CONTROL - Improved corona, 60 Hz and impulse withstand performances
• BUILT-IN SEMI-CON FILLER - No silicone grease
• BUILT-IN TOP SEAL - Eliminates taping of top seal
• IMPROVED SILICONE RUBBER - Improved Tracking Resistance
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3M™ QT-III Termination Integrated 1-Piece Design
Silicone Sealing Compound
High Dielectric ConstantStress Relief Tube
Stress ControlCompound
Step Core
Silicone RubberInsulator
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SIZE COMPARISON: 15 KV CLASS
- Shorter cable prep distance
- Accommodates smaller space in cabinets
- More versatile for mounting
3M ™ QT- II Termination
3M ™ QT- III Termination
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INVERTED 3M™ QT-III Outdoor Termination
• SILICONE SEALING COMPOUND No (inverted) bottom seal taping required
Eliminates silicone grease at semi-con cut-back step
• HI-K SEALING COMPOUND
BUILT-IN COMPOUNDS:
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SUMMARY
“TECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN FACTOR”
• Cold Shrink Design for Easier Field Installation
• Factory Assembled Quality - Reliability
• Integrated 1-piece Designs
• New Developments in Sealing Compounds
• New Developments in Silicone Rubber Technology
This New Generation of Polymeric Terminations Takes Advantage of:
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Install 3M ™ QT-III Termination
TERMINATION WORKSHOP