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LTE is a standard for wireless communication based on 3GPP technologies, promising h igh-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Ho me L TE F re qu en cy Ba nd s Q ui z L TE T hro ug hp ut Ca lc ul at or 3GPP r eleases summary

Voice solutions in LTE

The or iginal idea behind LTE is tha t it would provide only wireless internet services. However, major revenue for cellular operators

comes from voice calls and SMS and therefore Voice in LTE has become a hot topic. Recently, I got an opportunity to work with

various voice solutions-the experience which I believe would be usef ul to share here.

LTE does not have a 'circuit switch core' which means that we cannot have voice calls as it is in 2G and 3G technologies. In the initial

LTE deployment cases however, operators are using their legacy networks along with their 4G network for voice services.

So far we have heard of the following available voice solutions which I will discuss briefly.

Circuit Switched Fall Back (CSFB)

Simultaneous Voice and LTE (SV-LTE)

Voice over LTE (VoLTE)

Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA)

Over the top (OTT)

An operat or who deployed LTE network, already owning a 3G or 2G networ k can take be nefit fr om the feature called "Circuit

switched fall back'. The main idea is that 4G smartphones are going to have a radio capabilities for 3G/2G networks as well. Such

handsets can connect at a time either to LTE or 2G/3G . The shortcoming is that someone on voice call will not be able to use LTE

network for browsing or chatting etc.

CSFB for operator means very little investment since only few modifications are required in the network. Additional interface between

Circuit Switched Fall Back

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MME and MSC is required (SGs). CSFB solution has also been standardized by 3GPP and has gained large industrial support.

SV-LTE is handset specific in which handset is capabile of using two radios (LTE and WCDMA/GSM/CDMA) at one time. So a user

can use packet services from LTE while voice call can be made on other networks simultaneously unlike CSFB. The shortfall here is

high battery utilization due to dual radio operation.

For CDMA and LTE pair, the SV-LTE is the standard solution and being widely adopted. There a re already SV-LTE smartphones

available in the market. I came across a few available for LGU+ in Korea and Verizon in USA. Both operate LTE networks as anoverlay to their old CDMA networks.

SV-LTE is the cheapest option for operators as no new modification is required to the network. Nevertheless, as mentioned earlier it

is at the cost of high battery utilization

I believe this is going to be the most popular and widely adopted future voice solution for LTE. Instead of using legacy networks,

VoLTE utilizes IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and provides voice services using the application layer on LTE.

IMS is a group of core network entities responsible for providing rich multimedia services over IP network. VoIP call, SMS, MMS, LIVE

Simultaneous Voice and LTE

Voice over LTE (IMS)

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TV are a few such services. IMS has been in the communication industry for long but with the emergence of 4G networks, it is

gaining popularity again.

I think, operators will accept VoLGA as a last option for voice capability. This solution uses CS core only from legacy networks and

also require new network elements. Therefore LTE handsets do not need 3G/2G radio capabilities since radio part won't be used

from legacy networks. Good thing about this solution however is that unlike CSFB, LTE handset will be able to use voice and

data simultaneously.

Voice over LTE via Generic Access

LTE

DefaultBearer,DedicatedBearer...Whatexactlyi...

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Signalingload inLTE ascompared to 3Gnetworks

The views expressed in this

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sharing of knowledge will

not only be beneficial to

others, but a great learning

experience for myself too

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OTT is actually not LTE specific but a generic solution that we already have been using on 3G/WiFi networks. OTT application is

completely transparent to network and also out of operators' control. I am talking about generic VoIP clients like Viber, skype, Tango

etc. They do not give the real taste of voice flexibility as in other 3GPP networks and also lack the QoS for voice. Nonetheless, these

will be widely used by the consumers as an alternative, because of the fact that it gives them full flexibility to choose their own

service.

Over the top VoIP application

+2 Recommend this on Google

10 comments:

JoeHQS May 22, 2012 at 6:27 AM

Adnan, it is a great summary, concise and clear , the orientation you gave the ar ticle is p erhaps not clear ed by the title though.

Reply

Adnan Basir May 22, 2012 at 8:37 AM

Thanks for your appreciation.. I will come up with better title :)

Reply

Anonymous May 24, 2012 at 8:51 AM

Adnan, app reciate t his summary. It re ads well for n on-technologists, as well as techno logists.

I wonder if you can use this summary as a basis for going into more depth on the whole public safety, utilities, homeland

security and other critical infrastructure markets need for Mission Critical Voice (MCV) communications (w/respect to

preserving, replicating or otherwise comparatively providing positive present capabilities of LMR); and speak to each of these

options from that perspective? Such a summary/analysis would be quite useful to the US/North American market now with

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Replies

Reply

respect to the newly established US FirstNet authority and their effort to plan and stand up the nationwide public safety

broadband network (NPSBN) based on LTE (as approved by FCC), and with respect to Canada's effort; and would help follow

on the APCO Global Alliance's support for LTE as the international public safety broadband platform worldwide.

http://apcoglobalalliance.org/4g.html

From a public safety/mission critical perspective, gaining an LTE MCV solution is as much of a cost issue as anything else, as

these markets cannot afford to continue to build and maintain two separate communications systems in the long run, and

must gain mission critical data and video capabilities without compromising their current mission critical voice capabilities.

Finally, what are the emergency call implications for each of these options, with respect to US "911" and other countries'

counterpart systems/networks? As commercial providers ponder these options, these are issues they should be incorporating

into their thinking, as governments and consumers expect and will demand them anyway. With the right attitude, industry can

capitalize on these expectations to partner with government and customers to create new products and services applicable to

the larger consumer space based on these public safety needs, as has been previously realized with location-based

technology.

Reply

Adnan Basir May 26, 2012 at 7:49 AM

Hi Thanks for your detailed feedback.. I do not have much understanding of MCV market right but as you

mentioned, I will definitely try to get an insight into it and will come back to you :)

Diametriq July 24, 2012 at 12:36 PM

http://www.diametriq.com/the-role-of-the-diameter-signaling-controller-dsc-in-lte-and-volte/

The evolution of the 2G/3G to 4G LTE mobile data network focuses on high data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized

architecture integrated with multi radio access technologies. At the heart is the all-IP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and voice-

over-LTE (VoLTE) reuses the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The control plane of the EPC utilizes Diameter as its base [...]

Reply

Luis November 11, 2013 at 11:59 AM

Hi Adnan, I am new in this blog and while I was reading through this Voice solutions in LTE, above I found one that you refer

as to Voice over LTE via Generic Access: You mentioned that this solution uses CS core only from legacy networks and also

requires new network elements. Therefore LTE handsets do not need 3G/2G radio capabilities since radio part won't be used

from legacy networks. Good thing about this solution however is that unlike CSFB, LTE handset will be able to use voice and

data simultaneously. My question is: How is this Voice in LTE solution will be or is implemented since it only use the CS legacy

core network to make it happen? It is not clear to me about the RF transmission part for voice only. Will it overlap over the

LTE (OFDMA / SC-FDMA) frequencies (in-parallel frequency tansmission for voice only?) in order to be able to enable voice

and data simultaneously?? And what is the new network elements used for this to happen?

Reply

Adnan Basir November 25, 2013 at 11:59 AM

Hi Luis,

LTE UE will establish ipsec tunnel to the "new network element" which exist between LTE and legacy CS network. This new

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network element is referred to as VoLGA Access Network Controller (VANC). There is no need for new RF transmission part.

Since you know LTE is all IP based. therefore the voice traffic between LTE device and VANC is IP based (VoIP). This

scenario is pretty similar to VoLTE (IMS) except we will not be using ims core network but LTE radio side will pretty much act

the same way.

My source of information is based on following article :

http://cm-networks.de/volga-a-whitepaper.pdf

Reply

anderson October 29, 2015 at 11:16 PM

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helps me to give detail to me.

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James Gross November 14, 2015 at 7:07 AM

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Luger D November 15, 2015 at 7:17 AM

Voice over solutions and the recommendations have been so true with certain aspects because those are generally

considered more important and there are more solutions you will come to understand. voice over serviceReply

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