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3G Cellular Systems

3G systems are planned with objective of integration of all kinds ofwireless systems into universal mobile telecommunication system. Work iscontinuing in European research consortium !"CE and in E#S$ towardsdeveloping %S '%niversal &obile #elecommunication System( on an

joint European basis. "t the same time $#% is working globally towards$)*+++ '$nternational &obile Communication)*+++( with mutualagreements and information e,change.

-ne of the main objective of 3G systems is that they will gather e,istingmobile services 'cellular cordless paging etc.( into one single network.#he multiplicity of services and features of the system will make it possiblefor the users to choose among multiple terminals and service provides.#erminals will become smarter and will be able to support several radiointerface with the help of software radio technology. "mong the objectives

that have been assigned to 3G system designers are voice /uality aswith fi,ed networks satellite services for non covered areas low terminaland services costs high bit rate mobile multi)media services '* &bps forindoor and reduced mobility users 301 2bps for urban outdoor and 112bps for rural outdoor( multiple services per user 'speech at 0 2bps dataat *1 or 4 , 415301 2bps video at 301 2bps and multimedia securityand antifraud features against access to data by non)authori6ed people orentities.

#his 7aper e,plains how the ne,t generation of mobile '%S( can belaunched and then carries on to propose how the networks can be evolved

to deliver the voice and data application based upon $7 technologies.

The architectural starting point

#he allocation in the early 88+s of spectrum for third generationmobile really spurred on the technology solutions to deliver higher bit ratecommunications in the mobile arena which had been restricted to low)ratevoice and simple '9+ 2bit:s( circuit)switched data. " variety of drivers andenabling technologies were tabled to provide the high)bandwidth networkcapabilities to support the greater bandwidths e,pected from theadvanced third generation radio technologies. #he protocol included the

use of ;)$S

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associated radio access networks '!"=s( would take a significant amountof time and effort. #his factor combined with proposals to developcompletely new core networks and architectures would have severelydelayed the availability of third generation communications andconse/uently a pragmatic approach to the core network architecture was

taken . #he ensuing architecture grafted the new %#!"= aspects on tothe >front end? of an >evolved? GS&:G7!S phase * @ core networkcomprising mobile switching centers '&SCs( and G7!S support nodes'GS=s(. #his resulted in the concept architectures of Aigure. #his solutionenables operator who have GS& networks and also suppliers who havecore network product lines offering GS& capability to minimi6e thetechnical changes from the contemporary GS& infrastructure. #hisapproach also re)applies the tried and tested GS& roaming chargingsignaling and service mechanisms to %S.

The UMTS launch architecture

#he detailed technical developments added to the GS& core networkarchitecture were predominantly to support the %#!"= aspects whichwithin the 888 !elease of 3G77 standards '3G77 !88 also known as3G77 !3( support the W)C

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#he !=Cs and nodes ; are connected to each other and to the corenetwork with three interfaces as shown in Aigure. #he $u interfaces connectseach !=C to the core network 'similar to the GS& ;SS " and Gb interfacesconnecting the ;SS to the core network( and is responsible for control ofhandover:reselection bearer control and negotiation. #he $ub connects each

node ; to its controlling !=C 'a similar concept to the "bis interface in GS&(and enables distribution of the radio network of !=Cs 'no GS& e/uipment(and is predominantly used for mobility)specific radio reason which relate tothe soft handover and relocation processes.

#he interfaces developed within and between the %#!"= and theevolved GS&:G7!S core network use the "#& lower layers combined withcommon higher level control protocols for both the circuit)switched'CS( andpacket)switched '7S( domains3)1D. #he common !"="7 protocol providesresource control and allocation handover and bearer re/uirements controland certain charging and control linkage between the %#!"= and core

network.

Network Launch Configurations

#hose network operators who already have GS&:G7!S networks have twobasic choices for the %S launch architecture) an integrated solutions or anoverlay solution 'as shown in figure (. #he integrated solution sees thecurrent GS&:G7!S core network aspect upgraded and reused with the sameswitching '&SC( and routing 'GS=( elements used for both GS& and %Sradio. #he new %#!"= is connected to this network using the re)applicationof common -& systems service)delivery mechanisms switch sites and

platformsF however the capacity performance and network growth impacts ofconnecting relatively new and unproven W)C

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"s operator start commercial service of %S based upon the launcharchitecture they are also looking at the onward evolution paths andopportunities open to them. !ecent years have seen e,tensive change in thefields of telecommunications. #he www and internet protocols have made asignificant impact upon the world of user services data availability and

network connectivity. #he growth in usages of the internet via dial)up 7S#=access has been phenomenal and the higher speed access has beenphenomenal and the higher speed access available from technologies suchas "