3D printers
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Transcript of 3D printers
Power pointed
by:
Ardalan Amiri
Presenting by:
Ardalan Amiri
Hesam Omidi
and
Mohammad
Darini
History
Manufacturers have quietly used 3D printing technology — also known as additive manufacturing — to build models and prototypes of products over the past 20 years.
Charles Hull invented the first
commercial 3D printer
How it works
CAD
3D
Scanner
“STL” format file
Computer
3D
printer
Practicality
Several different 3D printing processes have been invented since the late 1970s
Almost all of them are efficient only for small quantities and relatively smalldimensions
They can take several hours to several mounts to build a model
Some of them can use multiplematerials and colors simultaneously and/or sequentially
3D printer markets
Many companies offer 3D printing services or sell
relatively cheap 3D printers that can cost just
hundreds rather than thousands of dollars
nowadays.
An example of non-industrial use
3D-Printed Reefs
Could Rehabilitate
Persian Gulf
Ecosystem
Voxel (Volume + Pixel)
The particles are
around 50 to 100
µm (510 to 250 DPI
(dots per inch)) in
diameter
Additive processes typesExtrusion
FDM*
ThermoPlastics
Silicon
Rubber
Wire
EBF3*
Any MetalAlloys
Granular
DMLS*
EBM*
SLM*
SHS*
SLS*
Any Metal Alloys
Aluminum, Stainless Steel
Ceramics
Titanium Alloys
Thermo plastics
Laminated
LOM*
Paper, Metal foil,
plastic film
Light Polymerized
SLA*
DLP*
Photopolymer
High Tech
Military use
Oldest1986
Fastest
Granular DMLS Method
Precise and flexible
Still under huge study and development
Invested and used by universities
Using almost any available 3D printing
material
Using Particle locating system
Covers many sub-branches of 3D
printing
Mechanical Friendly
The most efficient 3D printing method
for Mechanical Engineers.
Directly build metal parts (expensive)
Great choice to build moulds for further
manufactures
Mechanism
Fused
metal
Limits
Imperfections in plastic materials
Lack of accuracy in Z direction
Needs powerful computer processors
In demand for finishing process
There are few numbers of famous
companies ( patent for Germany and
USA )
Stereo lithography (SLA)
• excellent for
composite materials
• fast and accurate
• Top-down process
• The resin used in
SLA is particularly
sensitive to
ultraviolet light, so it
hardens once the
UV laser hits it.
• Novel mechanism
What happens next
Once the process is finished, the newly created object is soaked in a solvent that helps cure the resin, the supporting structure is removed, and whatever excess resin is scraped off. Some machines require the “printed” item to be baked in an ultraviolet oven to guarantee its solid state
Stereo-Lithography samples
can produce parts with a maximum
size of approximately 50×50×60 cm
(20"×20"×24")
Other side of facts
The resin alone stands at around $100
to $200 per liter
the cost of stereolithography machines
ranges from $100,000 to more than
$500,000
The less resin the poorer Voxel
The commercial types suffer from lack of
reliability
References
[1 ] H.L ispon and F. C.Moon and J.Hai and C.Pavent i , “ 3-D Pr in t ing the
History o f Mechanisms ” . Journal o f Mechanica l Design , Vo l . 127, pp. 2-3 , 2005.
[2 ] E.Marave lak is and K. David and A. Antoniadis and A.Manios and N. B i la l is
and Y.Papahar i laou, "Reverse engineer ing techniques for cran ioplasty: a case
study " , Journal o f Medical Engineer ing & Technology, No. 1, pp.2 - 7 , 2007.
[3 ] “Technology Quatrer ly, ” Proc. In t . Conf . The Econome. China, 2009,
pp. 3-5.
[4 ] 3D Pr in ter" , Nov 2011, Ava i lab le At : Ht tp : / /www.wik ip id ia .org/3dprnters.html
[5 ] Z Corporat ion 3D Pr in t ing Technology Fast , Af fordable and Uniquely
Versat i le" , Dec 2011, Ava i lab le At :Ht tp : / /www.zcorp.com/documents/ 1083D
Pr in t ing W hite Paper FINAL.pdf
[6 ] Open 3D Pr in t ing and Open Hardware", J .crack , Dec 2011, Ava i lab le At :
Ht tp : / /www. jmccrack.com/ Open 3D Pr in t ing and Open Hardware.pdf
[7 ] " Obje t260 Connex " , Nov 2011, Ava i lab le At :
Ht tp : / /www.Objet .com/Objet 260 Connex open wi th Model .pdf