3D Modelling Tools

Business and Computing Deanery

3D Modelling Tools

Week 18 More on materials

3D Modelling Tools 2

Last weekLecture Lighting 3DS Max 7 Bible

Chapter 27


This weekLecture Revisit earlier materials Maps

Images and textures External tools

Procedural Composite

Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible

Chapter 21-25

Seminar Lighting portfolio due

(Portfolio 9) Storyboard for Model

B Tutorials

Materials


Previously on materials Materials

Shaders Rendering Colours Shininess Self-illumination

Not textures, or bitmaps or maps


Materials Alll materials affect how light is

reflected from the surface Think about how light and the material

will interact


Material editor Materials

Defined Created Applied

Sample shots Parameters

Shaders Maps

Discreet (2005)


Material types Standard Ray-traced Architectural

Discreet (2005)


Standard material Shaders

Type Colours

Ambient Diffuse Specular

Glossiness Opacity Self-illumination


Ray tracing material Uses Phong, Blinn, Meta, Antisotropic

and Oren-Nayar-Blinn shaders Attempts to physically model a

surface rather than simulating it Rendering takes longer Added features

Luminosity Translucency Fog

Discreet (2005)


Ray tracing Each pixel is

calculated In 3ds max it uses

mental ray renderer Generate reflections

and refractions Ray tracing traces the

path of rays sampled from the light source

Reflections and refractions generated this way are physically accurate 3ds max v7


Reflections and Radiosity Ray-tracing algorithm takes into

account reflections and radiosity

3ds max v7


Architectural materials Provides the greatest amount of

realism Should use with Phtometric lights

and radiosity Do NOT use with standard lights

High degree of accuracy

When might you use it?Discreet (2005)


Materials and maps Materials describe how an object

reflects or transmits light Within a material, maps can

simulate textures, applied designs, reflections, refractions, and other effects

3ds max v7


2D maps 2D Maps are two-dimensional

images mapped onto the surface of geometric

objects or used as environment maps to create

a background for the scene 2D maps can be generated

procedurally Bitmaps can be used as 2D maps


Diffuse map An image is used

as a diffuse map Applied to the

surface of the object

Overrides the base colour Wood grain Texture of fruit Marble 3ds max v7


Procedural maps Derived from

mathematical equations Simple or complex Do not degrade when

you zoom into them They are 3D

Marble material goes through an object as if it were solid

3ds max v7


Bitmaps A bitmap is an image

produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels

Use an existing image Make your own

How? An animation or video

file instead of a bitmap

3ds max v7


Using bitmaps The more pixels the bigger the file

size What detail is needed? Will the image be zoomed? What happens if you zoom in too

much? What happens in a game situation if

you have a large file size?


Environment maps Rendering menu >

Environment > Set and animate the

background color Use an image in the

background of the rendered scene

or use texture maps as spherical, cylindrical, or shrink-wrap environments.

Set and animate the ambient light.


Why use bitmaps? Stick a logo on

something Making street

scenes or urban landscapes

Use with billboard Used with avatars

The map is generated by a graphic artist

3ds max v7


Activity Make a model with a base and:

4 spheres 4 boxes 4 cylinders 4 cones sitting on the base

Add procedural maps Add bitmaps Add an environment map


Composite maps Use map channels

Vary from shader to shader

Many common Parent child

relationship

Map channels

Go to parent


Composite – an example What do you

think has been applied? There are 3

maps


Bump map Bump mapping

makes an object appear to have a bumpy or irregular surface

Manipulates the object’s normals Does not affect the

object’s mesh

3ds max v7


Composite effects Bump and bitmap

3D effect Change the

ambient colour Change the

specular colour


Activity Add a bump map to your scene Add a composite map to your scene


Mapping textures Mapping is a method of projecting

pictorial information onto surfaces It is a lot like wrapping a present

with wrapping paper

3ds max v7


UVW co-ordinates Most material maps are a 2D plane

assigned to a 3D surface. The coordinate system used to

describe the placement and transformation of maps

Mapping coordinates use the letters U, V, and W The three letters preceding X, Y, and Z

in the alphabet.


Cropping and Placement You can crop the bitmap

W/H—Adjusts the width and height of the bitmap or crop area

Placing a bitmap lets you scale the map and place it anywhere within its tile U/V—Adjusts the bitmap location

Cropping and placement settings affect the model only, they have no effect on the bitmap file itself Important to check Apply


Tiling Repetition of an

image over a large area

Use less memory Can look too

uniform Can get join

patterns3ds max v7


Face mapping Ignores any mapping coordinates Need to work with a polygon Conforms the image to the faces

Select the desired face Apply the image


Mapping coordinates Use x, y z coodinates

3ds max v7


Activity To your scene

Apply tiling to a bitmap on a shape Apply cropping to a bitmap on a shape Position an image in your scene


Material libraries Materials used in a model are saved

in the max file

The software comes with libraries of materials

Create your own materials Which can then be saved to a library

for use on another project Make a library from a particular scene


Activity Use the material library to add some

materials


Bitmaps for exported models Exported files do not always take

colours or textures with them This is very important for your project

work Bitmaps can be better, but you need

to collect them With 3ds max use

Utilities > More… > Bitmap/Photometric Paths > Path Editor > Edit Resources


Mapping for real time Unwrap UVW

The Unwrap UVW modifier is used to assign planar maps to sub-object selections

To edit the UVW coordinates of those selections Texture baking

The creation of texture maps based on an object's appearance in the rendered scene

Using complex lighting on a high polygon model The textures are then “baked” into the object

via mapping Use a low polygon model

Displays the textured object rapidly for game engines


Mulitmedia options Ink 'n Paint

Material

3ds max v7


Covered today Revisit earlier materials Maps

Images and textures External tools

Procedural Composite

Working with the library Exporting files


Portfolio 10 A word document with an annotated jpeg showing: Procedural maps Environment map Bitmaps

Tiled Cropped Placed Textured (use Bump channel)

Library materials


Questions You have been asked to model race

track for a game Describe and discuss two methods of

providing a background, recommend one Describe two methods of modelling trees,

evaluate both methods and recommend one

Describe how you would make a realistic checkerboard starting grid

Describe how you would add a logo to a section of a bridge


References 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference

and Tutorials Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7

Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711

Discreet , (2005) 3DS Max 7 Fundamentals and Beyond Courseware, Focal Press, ISBN:0240807391

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