3D Graphics

in Future Mobile Devices

Steve Steele, ARM

Market Trends

Mobile Computing Market Growth

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2010 2015

Entry Level Mid Range Premium

Mobile Computing Market Trends

• Latest features

• Greatest specs

• Tailored to fit a

given budget

<$150

>$400

Smart Mobile Device Shipments

(Smartphones and Tablets)

Source: ARM and Gartner Estimates

Entry-level in 2015

• >750 million devices

• 250% growth since 2012;

>10x since 2010

• Nearly 4 times the 2013

Notebook PC forecasts

ARM provides targeted solutions to

deliver the best features and specs at

every price point

$200-

$350

Volu

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ns

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2015

2016

2017

Entry Level Mid Range Premium

Driving Market Change

80-100mm2

50-80mm2

25-40mm2

Typical GPU

<$150

>$400

*Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process.

Current conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

$200-

$350

Volu

me in m

illio

ns

Smart Mobile Device Shipments

(Smartphones and Tablets)

ARM Mali™-T760 GPU - Increased GPU & SoC energy efficiency

- Increased performance scalability

- Advanced memory system scalability

- Reduced bandwidth consumption

ARM Mali-T720 GPU - Increased graphics area efficiency

- Optimized for Android™

- OpenGL® ES 3.0 support*

- Reduced cost & Time-to-Market

Source: ARM and Gartner Estimates

ARM Mali-T600 Series GPU Overview

Midgard Architecture - the foundation of ARM’s GPU roadmap providing increased

performance, flexibility and software compatibility

Innovation – driving 64bit GPU Compute, bandwidth saving technologies

Scalability - an ARM Mali-T600 Series GPU to suit every application

GPU Compute - 64-bit double precision, IEEE-754 compliant floating point

Feature-rich - all popular OSs, multiple APIs including DirectX® 11, next generation

OpenGL ES, OpenCL™ Full Profile and RenderScript compute

Leading on Lowering System Power

GPUs have a major impact on SoC architecture

Area, memory bandwidth, energy and implementation

ARM focuses on system wide power efficiency not just IP components

Energy Saving Features in the Mali-T62x system:

GPU efficiency – 50% performance increase or less energy/frame in same area

ARM Mali GPUs are leaders in balancing power, area and functionality

ASTC* TE

90%

TE**

50%

ARM

POP™

19%

*Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC)

**Transaction Elimination (TE)

ARM POP IP

• Up to 27% higher frequency

• 27% lower area SAVING SAVING SAVING

Mali Momentum through 2013

The most widely licensed GPU

84 Mali licenses to date

More than 10x Growth in volume in 2 years

152M units shipped in 2012,

in more than 230 devices

>300M units shipped YTD 2013

2013 has already seen shipments double

from 2012

Strength in key market segments

#1 Android GPU IP supplier

>20% Android Smartphone

#1 in Android tablets (>50%)

#1 in Digital Smart TVs (>70%)

Premium Mobile Devices

Energy efficient 3D Graphics

Mali High-end GPU Solutions

Designed for Graphics and

GPU Compute

Full Profile, 64-bit Compute

Closer CPU-GPU links

Efficient use of system resources

Coherent memory links

Cortex® -A15 / Cortex-A53 / Cortex-A57

Protecting partner investments

Common software platform reduces costs

and TTM

Multicore scales performance

to address multiple form factors

Advanced products get to market early

ARM Mali-T628 GPU silicon shipping now

in consumer products

Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process.

Current conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

HIGH-END GPU

ROADMAP

Mali-T604 First Midgard architecture

product

OpenGL® ES 3.0 support

Scalable to 4 cores

Mali-T628 50% performance uplift

OpenGL ES 3.0 support

Scalable to 8 cores

Mali-T760 400% energy efficiency of Mali-T604

Scalable to 16 cores

Major bandwidth reduction

Mali-T624 50% performance uplift

OpenGL ES 3.0 support

Scalable to 4 cores

Mali-T622 Small Full Profile GPU Compute solution

50% more energy efficient than Mali-T604

Mali-T678 Highest performance Mali-T600 GPU

OpenGL ES 3.0 support

Scalable to 8 cores

Premium Mobile Device Requirements Increasing screen size and content complexity demand increased performance

Increased performance demands advanced memory technologies to achieve greater bandwidth

Mobile computing devices thermal budget doesn’t increase with performance

Rigid thermal constraints force the adoption of advanced silicon process and memory technologies to achieve greater performance

INCREASED RESOLUTION

INCREASED THERMAL IMPACT

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3.5

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4.5

HD FHD QXGA WQXGA QSXGA 4K UHD

GB

/Sec

Source: ARM data

ARM Mali-T760 GPU Overview Increased performance and energy efficiency

~400% increase in energy efficiency over ARM Mali-T604 GPU

Multi-processor scalable graphics performance

Coherently scales up to 16 shader core configurations

3D graphics acceleration and Compute APIs

Khronos* compliant OpenGL ES 3.0/2.0, 1.1

Microsoft Windows compliant Direct3D 11.1

Full Profile OpenCL 1.1

RenderScript/FilterScript

Major reduction in bandwidth and SoC power

Memory system optimizations

ARM Frame Buffer Compression (AFBC)

Smart Composition

Proven software DDK quality and performance

# Shader Cores L2

Cache Size Clock Freq (MHz) Pixel Fillrate Triangle Rate

Floating Point

Performance

Up to MP16 2 x 512kB 600MHz 9.6 Gpix/Sec 1066.6 MTri/s 326.4 GFLOPS

*Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process.

Current conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

ARM Mali-T760 GPU Scalability

Coherent shader core scalability using an improved L2 Cache interconnect

Scalable up to 16 coherent shader cores

Significant reduction in wire count

Evenly distributed cache utilization

Single or Dual L2 Cache slice each with individual master port

Consistent ACE™-Lite interface

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Shad

er

Core

Coherent L2 Cache Interconnect

L2 Cache L2 Cache

AFBC Application in SoC

Employing AFBC throughout the SoC saves significant system bandwidth and power

AFBC

DECODE AFBC

ENCODE

AFBC

DECODE

Frame Buffer Objects

(render to texture)

Uncompressed textures

SW AFBC ENCODE

(TEXTURES)

CPU GPU DISPLAY CONTROLLER

AFBC Raw Compression Rates

Source: ARM data

Smart Composition

Better than 50% reduction of texture read bandwidth on simple Android UI use cases

Significantly reducing read bandwidth and composition work by ignoring repetitive tile

data

Additional Features

Reduce system bandwidth when sending video output

YCrCb framebuffer output

Hardware assisted global illumination

Improved Multiple Render Target

Increased capabilities to support DirectX 11.1

HW super-sampling, TIR

Continuing support for next generation APIs

Direct3D 11.1 Feature Level 11 and next generation OpenGL ES

ARM POP IP for Mali is available from the Physical IP Division

ARM’s EDA tool partners are working with our IP now to prepare for supporting our licensees

28HPM and 16FF process libraries

Entry-level Smart Mobile Devices

Rapid Implementation of 3D Graphics

Mali Mid-range GPU Solutions Designed for cost-effective Graphics

solutions

OpenGL ES, OpenVG

Closer CPU-GPU links

Efficient use of system resources

Cortex-A7 / Cortex-A12 /

Cortex-A53

Protecting partner investments

Common software platform reduces costs

and TTM

Multicore scales performance

to address multiple form factors

Proven solutions

ARM Mali-400 MP and Mali-450 MP GPU

silicon shipping in hundreds of millions of

consumer products

Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process.

Current conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

MID-RANGE GPU

ROADMAP

Mali-400 MP First OpenGL ES 2.0 multi-core GPU

Scalable to 4 cores

Leading area-efficiency

Mali-300 Entry-level OpenGL®

ES 2.0 GPU

Mali-450 MP Leading OpenGL ES 2.0 performance

2x Mali-400 MP performance

Scalable to 8 cores

UTGARD ARCHITECTURE

MIDGARD ARCHITECTURE

Mali-T720 First OpenGL ES 3.0 GPU in

Mid-Range Market

Optimized for Android™

Reduced Time to Market

Entry Level Smartphone Tomorrow

Mali-V500 Mali-Display Mali-T720

GPU

ACE-Lite

Quad Core

Cortex® -A7/

Cortex-A53 ACE

Non

Coherent

Devices

I/O

Coherent

Devices

GIC-400

ADB-400

MMU-500

NIC-400 AXI4 AXI4

MMU-500 MMU-500

CoreLink™ CCI-400r1

ACE ACE

ACE-Lite ACE-Lite ACE-Lite

ACE-Lite + DVM ACE-Lite + DVM ACE-Lite + DVM

DMC-400/3rd Party DMC

ACE-Lite ACE-Lite ACE-Lite ACE-Lite

PHY PHY

NIC-400 AXI4

Configurable: AXI4/AXI3/AHB/APB

ADB-400

DDR3/2

LPDDR2/3

DDR3/2

LPDDR2/3

Other

Slaves

Other

Slaves

Quad or Dual-core

Cortex-A53/Cortex-A7

• Most energy-efficient 32-bit

CPU

• 64-bit architecture for new

software

Single Channel

DDR2 @533 MHz

*Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process.

Current conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

ARM Mali-T720 GPU Extends lead in area and energy efficiency

Supports OpenGL ES 3.0*

Area-efficient performance

Time to Market Defines Profit Margin

Time-to-market becomes the key differentiator which protects profit margins

Engineering costs grow as process nodes advance

ASPs sharply reduced as competition appears in low-cost markets

$0

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90nm 65nm 45nm 32nm 28nm 22nm 14nm

Desi

gn

Co

sts

($M

)

Basic SoC Silicon and Software Design Costs

SW Design Costs

SoC Design Costs

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

$5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00

Bre

ak e

ven

Un

it V

olu

me (

M U

nit

s)

Average Selling Price ($)

Unit volume (M) to break even for Basic SoC Designs @28nm

- Source: Semico Research, 2011

ARM Mali-T720 GPU Overview Increased energy efficiency of previous cost optimized ARM Mali GPU

~ 150% energy efficiency increase over previous cost optimized GPUs

Android optimized version of ARM Mali-T62x

~30% area reduction from previous Midgard generation

Up to 15% less dynamic power

Natural companion to quad core implementations of:

Cortex-A7 / Cortex-A12 / Cortex-A53

Targeted optimizations for Android OS

OpenGL ES 3.0, Renderscript/FilterScript support

Maintain the area efficiency leadership of ARM Mali-4xx GPU

Area efficient OpenGL ES 3.0* GPU

Significantly decreased time-to-market

Ease of implementation & integration in SoC designs

# Shader Cores

L2

Cache Size Clock Freq (MHz) Pixel Fillrate Triangle Rate

Floating Point

Performance

Up to MP8 2x128kB 600MHz 4.8 Gpix/Sec 533.2 Mtri/s 81.6 GFLOPS

*Product is based on a published Khronos Specification, and is expected to pass the Khronos Conformance Testing Process. Current

conformance status can be found at www.khronos.org/conformance

Decreased Time-to-Market

Increased routing density significantly decreases die area Constrained routing layers to minimize cost

Crafted reference methodologies to match tool chain

ARM POP IP available from the ARM Physical IP Division

ARM’s EDA tool partners are working with our IP now to

prepare for supporting our licensees on 28nm process

libraries

Opportunities for optimizing

layout utilization

ARM POP IP Exploration Worksheet Extensive exploration analysis to map the wide range of Vt/L options on a process to

evaluate multiple PPA trade-offs.

Determine most effective Vt/L choice for optimizing different design goals.

The dominant effects of Vt/L choice can be easily seen in this post-synthesis dataset.

Use datasheets to estimate GPU PPA

Extensive Mali Ecosystem

Summary

ARM Mali-T760 GPU addresses the needs of high-end mobile and consumer devices by

providing:

Scalable graphics and compute performance with up to 16 core configurations capable of twice the

performance of previous generations

~400% increase in energy efficiency over ARM Mali-T604 GPU

Included technology capable of greatly reducing SoC level memory bandwidth utilization and power

consumption

ARM Mali-T720 GPU solve the needs of semiconductor partners focusing on low-cost

mobile devices by providing:

Significant reduction in shader core area and increased area efficiency

Greater facilities to assist licensees to drastically reduce time-to-market

Targeted optimizations for Android OS - OpenGL ES 3.0, RenderScript/FilterScript support

Steve Steele

Senior Product Manager steve.steele@arm.com