3D Analyst

3D Analyst

3D Scenes

Triangulated Irregular Network

Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Structure•Defined by two elements: a set of input points with x,y, and z values, and a series of edges connecting these points to form triangles.

•Each input point becomes the node of a triangle in the TINstructure, and the output is a continuous faceted surface of triangles.

Resultant TIN

TIN Zoomed

Drape Features to TIN

Extrude 3D Features

•3D buildings includes 3D heights

Buildings draped to TIN and extruded

Observer and Target Locations

Target

Observer and Target Locations

Observer

Navigate a Scene

Navigate button

Flythrough a Scene

Choose Fly button and slowly move mouse•Left mouse: increases speed•Right mouse: decreases speed•ESC: stops flight

3D Symbols

Start with 2D point symbols (street trees)

3D Symbols

Add layer and display (drape) in ArcScene

3D Symbols

Swap with 3D Symbol

3D Symbols

Resultant layer with 3D symbols

Line of Sight Analysis

Lines showing visibility (green) and obstruction (red)

ArcGlobe

Other 3D Examples

Steepest-path analysis•Flow of liquid from a certain point

Elevated Blood Level Example

Other 3D Examples 3D Representation of Land Value Totals by Tax Map Grid, Concord, North Carolina, USA

Other 3D Examples North Macadam Development Concept—Floor Area Ratio Massing Study, City of Portland Bureau of Planning

.

Spatial Analyst

Poverty Risk Model

Model for Risk Index

Poverty study looking at multiple criteria•Population below poverty income line•Female headed household with children•Population with less than HS education•Workforce who are unemployed

Improper linear model for poverty•Calculate Z-score values-Data selected by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation for above variables, then averaging them

Risk Model Base Layers

Block Groups•NoHighSch2 (ho high school degree)•Male16Unem (males in workforce who are unemployed)

•Poverty (population below poverty income)

Blocks•FHH (female headed households with children)

Why Spatial Analyst?

•Study needs a large scale analysis- block level

•Pittsburgh has 7,466 blocks-Difficult to use vectors at different scales-Best to use block centroids

•Need a different type of map- raster map- deals with continually changing variables

Spatial Analyst Primary Features

Data analysis• Allows rapid generation of maps that are based

on complex statistics

Surface modeling• Creates predicted surface (grid maps) from

unmeasured points based on statistical analysis of measured points

Raster Maps

•Rectangular arrays of very small, uniform squares analogous to pixels in an image file-Cells are uniform and not dependent on original vector size (e.g. tracts, block groups, blocks)

•Value in a cell (e.g. population, other census variables)

Kernel Density Smoothing

•Point shapefiles of census block centroids

•Produces a smoothed, mean surface for the designated values

•Two parameters-Based on map scale and detail level-Cell Size-Search radius

Risk Model Base Layers

Difficult to represent using vectors

Kernel Density Layers

Create kernel density layer for first input•FHH by blocks

Poverty Index Model

Poverty Index Model with one layer

Kernel Density Results

Kernel Density Layers

Create kernel density layer for second input•NoHighSch by block group

Kernel Density Results

Other Layers

Calculate Statistics

Improper or Unweighted Linear ModelRobyn Dawes, “The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making,” American Physcologist, Vol 34, pp 571-582

Calculating Z-score values Data is scaled by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation) for the above-mentioned variables and averaging them.

Map Algebra

Model with all variables

Resulting Poverty Map

FOOD BANKStudent Project

•Non-profit organization, Duquesne, PA

•Collects and distributes 18 million pounds of food per year to over 350 member organizations-Soup kitchens-Food pantries-Shelters-After school programs-Senior high rises, etc.

Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank

Food Bank Research Question

Are our distribution locations in areas of need?

Advanced GIS spatial analyst tools used•8 U.S. Census variables-Combined to form the single, composite indicator layer-Scale based on the combination of un-weighted Z-scores (mean and standard deviation) of each factor

High Risk Poverty “Hot Spots”

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

“Hot Spots” and Distribution Centers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

1,500’ Buffer Zone

Extract Raster Value Points

Extraction Toolset•Extracts raster value (high/low risk) to points (distribution locations)

Member Agencies Serving High Risk Areas

Agency Name Shipping Address Agency Type Raster ValueAction-Housing-Youthbuild 2237 East Hills Drive SENIOR 12Addison Terrace Resident FP 2136 Elmore Square PANTRY 12BTC Center Inc. 7241 Race Street PANTRY 12Bedford Dwellings Food Pantry 2305 Bedford Avenue PANTRY 12Bedford Dwellings Afterschool 2217 Bedford Avenue SCHOOL 12East Hills High Rise 2360 Bracey Drive PANTRY 12FFC-Addison Afterschool Prog. 2136 Elmore Square SCHOOL 12Good Samaritan COGIC FP 1030 N. Lang Avenue PANTRY 12Good Samaritan COGIC OS 1030 N. Lang Avenue SOUP KITCHEN 12Second East Hills Afterschool 2291 Wilner Drive SCHOOL 12St. Clair Emergency Food Ctr 930 Cresswell Street PANTRY 12St. Clair Em. Afterschool Prog 930 Cresswell Street SCHOOL 12Addison Terrace Farm Stand 2136 Elmore Square NONMEM 12Bedford Dwellings Farm Stand 2411 Bedford Ave. NONMEM 12Northview Heights Comm Pantry 101 Hazlett Street PANTRY 12Northview Heights After School 101 Hazlett Street SCHOOL 12The NorthShore Commun. Allianc 816 Tripoli Street SENIOR 12The NorthShore Commun. Allianc 816 Tripoli Street PANTRY 12

Member Agency Name Shipping Address Agency Type Raster ValueCircle C - Patak House 1105 Island Avenue GROUP HOME 1Estelle Cambell Boys & Girls 4600 Butler Str SCHOOL 1Glen Hazel Tenant Council 948 Johnston Avenue PANTRY 1Hazelwood YMCA Child Care FP 4713 Chatsworth Avenue PANTRY 1Hazelwood YMCA Child Care O/S 4713 Chatsworth Avenue SCHOOL 1Salvation Army-Social Service 1323 Forbes Avenue PANTRY 1Salvation Army-West Side 1821 Broadhead Fording Road PANTRY 1Salvation Army-West Side A/S 1821 Broadhead Fording Road SCHOOL 1Shepherd's Heart Fellowship 13 Pride Street GROUP HOME 1SIDS of PA 810 River Avenue PANTRY 1Smithfield United Presbyterian 620 Smithfield Street PANTRY 1S.O.A.R. - Bethlehem Haven 1323 Forbes Avenue GROUP HOME 1Squirrel Hill Food Pantry 5842 Forward Avenue PANTRY 1St. Catherine of Siena Church 1907 Broadway Avenue PANTRY 1Tadiso Incorporated 1425 Beaver Avenue SOUP KITCHEN 1Youth Places/Tides Center 2934 Smallman Street SCHOOL 1Hazelwood YMCA Farm Stand 4713 Chatsworth Avenue NONMEM 1Lincoln Place Church of the Na 114 W. Eugene Avenue PANTRY 1Lynn Williams 3710 Brighton Road PANTRY 1Miryam's 1410 Fifth Avenue GROUP HOME 1Most Holy Name Church 1700 Harpster Street GROUP HOME 1Renaissance Ctr-Liberty Place 955 Liberty Place SOUP KITCHEN 1Safe Haven 8701 Bricelyn Street SCHOOL 1Seton Brookline Farmstand 1900 Pioneer Avenue NONMEM 1

Member Agencies Serving High Low Areas

Other examples

•Presidential Election Maps-Compares variables of likely voters

•Heart Attack Prediction Model-Actual heart attacks (data from 911)-Likely candidates (census data)

•Others?

Network Analyst

Network Analyst

Solves a variety of problems based on geographic networks including:

• Routing-Most efficient travel routes

• Service Areas-Territories based on travel time

• Closest Facilities-Closest vehicle or service facility to an incident

• Driving Directions

Routing

Shortest vs. Fastest Paths

Service Areas / Closest Facilities

Areas within a Distance 10 minute walking distance of different bus stops (service area and network) and which bus routes (find best route) are serviced by the stops.

Other GIS Tools

Advanced Visualization Tools-Helps view, project, analyze, and understand potential alternatives and impacts via visual exploration and alternative scenarios

-Experiments with hypothetical scenarios, challenge assumptions on the fly

-Encourages participation and collaboration by engaging users and public audiences via visualization and interactive participation.

Community VIZ•Community VIZ http://www.communityviz.com

Criterion Planners

•INDEX http://www.crit.com

TerraSim, Inc.

•CMU Spin-off•TerraTools 3D GIS Visualization Software•http://www.terrasim.com/

•Transforms raw cartographic and GIS data into complex 3D visualizations suitable for real-time driving or flight simulation.

•Easy-to-use interface for its powerful terrain and feature generation tools, enabling users to rapidly construct complex geospecific virtual worlds without tedious manual modeling.

Defense Modeling and Simulation

Intelligence Preparation

Civil Engineering

Schenley Park

Parametric Bridge Models

CMU Campus

Extension Review

•GIS Extension Overview•Free Add On Applications•Analysis based extensions-3D Analyst-Spatial Analyst-Network Analyst

•Other GIS Tools