3C - 2 - Miralles, Sergio - Fordham IP...

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COPYRIGHT REGULATION OF NEWS AGGREGATORS …when regula,ng a changing environment creates more problems than benefits Sergio Miralles 8 April 2015

Transcript of 3C - 2 - Miralles, Sergio - Fordham IP...

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 COPYRIGHT  REGULATION  OF  NEWS  

AGGREGATORS        

…when  regula,ng  a  changing  environment  creates  more  problems  than  benefits    

Sergio  Miralles  8  April  2015  

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OUTLINE  

•   News  aggregators  and  legal  issues  raised  •   Background:    •   Deep  links  •   Snipplets  /  thumbnails  

•   The  Spanish  way  •   Concluding  remarks  

   

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CONCLUSIONS  

•   Failed  legislaQve  experiences    •   Final  thoughts:    •     Is  this  a  case  for  copyright?  Or  rather  we    should  look  at  ex  post  remedies  e.g.  the  laws    of  unfair  compeQQon  or  anQtrust…  •   Is  it  Qme  for  EU  harmonizaQon?  if  so  let’s  go  for      a  RegulaQon  model  please  ¡  

 

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NEWS  AGGREGATORS  

•   Elements.  Types.  Constant  evoluQon  •   CompeQtors  of  publishers?  •   Editorial  role  •   Exclusion  protocols  (robots.txt)  

 h]p://news.google.co.uk/      

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LEGAL  ISSUES  RAISED  

•  Copyright:  Deep  links  and  use  of  snippets/              thumbnails  in  view  of  InfoSoc  DirecQve  (2001/29/EC)  

•   LegislaQve  policy  :          Property    vs    Freedom  of  informaQon              Technology  developments                Freedom  of  compeQQon      

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BACKGROUND:  DEEP  LINKS  TO  NEWS  

•   German  BGH  “Paper-­‐boy”  judgment  (BGH,    17.07.2003  -­‐  I  ZR  259/00)    •   Cour  d'Appel  de  Bruxelles’  judgment  of  5  May  2011    (Copipress  vs  Google  news)      •   CJUE  Svensson  judgment  of  13  February  2014    (C‑466/12)  •   CJUE  Bestwater  order  of  21  October  2014  (C-­‐348/13)  •   CJUE  C  More  Ent.  Judgment  of  26  March  2015      (C-­‐279/13)  

   

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BACKGROUND:  USE  OF  SNIPPLETS  AND  THUMBNAILS  

•   Is  the  type  of  analysis  in  Infopaq  (c-­‐5/08)  or    in  NLA  v  Meltwater  ([2011]  EWCA  Civ  890)    the  correct  one?  •   Does  Svensson  change  anything?  •   Other  approaches  towards  “flexible    copyright”:  tacit  consent,  ius  usus  inocui…    

   

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BACKGROUND:  USE  OF  SNIPPLETS  AND  THUMBNAILS  

•   Is  secQon  10.1  Berne  Conv.  applicable?      

 “It  shall  be  permissible  to  make  quota,ons  from  a    work  which  has  already  been  lawfully  made  available    to  the  public,  provided  that  their  making  is    compa,ble  with  fair  prac,ce,  and  their  extent  does    not  exceed  that  jus,fied  by  the  purpose,  including    quota,ons  from  newspaper  ar,cles  and  periodicals  in    the  form  of  press  summaries.”  

     

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LEGISLATIVE  MODELS:  GERMANY  

•   2013  Leistungsschutzrecht  für        Presseverlege  (87.f-­‐h.  of  the  Copyright  Act)  •   PracQcal  results:  From  the  “opt  out”  right  to    the  need  to  “opt  in”  •   Challenge  to  German  ConsQtuQonal  Court    by  Yahoo  (art.  5  GG)  

   

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LEGISLATIVE  MODELS:  SPAIN    

•   Amendment  to  Spanish  Copyright  Act,  new    subsecQon  32(2)    •   LimitaQon  for  aggregators:      “The  making  available  to  the  public  by    providers  of  digital    services  of  content    aggrega,on  of  non-­‐significant    fragments  of  contents,  available  in  periodical    publica,ons    or  in  periodically  updated    websites  and  which  

have  an    informa,ve  purpose,  of  crea,on  of  public  opinion  or  of    entertainment,  will  not  require  any  authoriza0on…”  

   

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LEGISLATIVE  MODELS:  SPAIN  

•   But  ancillary  right  to  publishers:  “…without  prejudice  of  the  right  of  the  publisher  or,  as  applicable,  of  other  rights  owners  to  receive  an  equitable  compensa0on.  This  right  will  be  unwaiveable  and  will  be  effec,ve  through  the  collec,ve  management  organiza,ons  of  intellectual  property  rights”.  

   

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LEGISLATIVE  MODELS:  SPAIN  

•   Exclusive  right  for  images  and  photographs:    “In  any  case,  the  making  available  to  the  public  of    any  image,  photographic  work  or  ordinary    photograph  on  periodical  publica,ons  or  on    periodically  updated    websites  will  be  subject  to    authoriza,on.”  

•   ExcepQon  for  search  engines:  no    remuneraQon  obligaQon  

   

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LEGISLATIVE  MODELS:  SPAIN  

•   Broad  and  complex  language  that  can  affect  other    online  acQviQes  (CCs,  data  repositories…)  •   Some  defecQve  wording:  making  available  non-­‐  significant  fragments  of  contents    •   The  AnQtrust  Commission  (CNMC)  report  •   Payment  obligaQon:  undefined  •   Unwaivable  right  of  compensaQon  •   Google  News  suspended  its  service  in  Spain  in    December  2014  

   

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h]ps://support.google.com/news/answer/6140047?hl=es  

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Thank  you  for  your  a]enQon    

sergio.miralles@intangibles-­‐law.com