394

INDEX OF PLANT NAME~

ANIMAL NAMES AND AGROCULTURAL PRODUCTS

A bronia elliptica, 391 - micrantha, 391 - salsa, 391 Acacia arabica, 88, 99, 107 - heteracantha, 64 - leucophloea, 99 - nigrescens, 64 - raddiana, 137 - spirocarpa, 137 Acanthus ilicifolius, 194 Acer fraxinifolia, 98 (Ash-leaved

Maple) - negundo, 98 Achillea santolina, 169 Achromobacter album, 373 - hartlebii, 373 - solitarium, 373 Aeluropus litoralis, 90, 194 A egiceras, 194 Agave fourcroides, 271 ff - sisalana, 271 ff Agmiofesa pubescens, 89 Agropyrum (Wheat Grass), 111 - desertorum, 389 - junceum, Table opposite 17, 170,

172, 173, 176, 214, 215, 238 ff, 258, 264, 349, 352

- (on) - boreo-atlanticum, 331, 340 ff - elongatum, Table opposite 17 - prostratum, 89 - (on) smithii, 93 - (on) trachycaulum, 389 Ailanthus altissima, 98 A lbizzia lebbek, 99 Alfalfa (Lucerne) Table opposite 17, 33,

59, 63, 64, 91, 93, 94, 309, 310, 311 Algae, 16, 23, 35, 372 ff, 391, 392 Alhagi camelorum, 89 Allenrolfea, 24, 31, 35, 37, 380, 382,

383, 384 - occidentalis, 29, 34, 378, 379, 382,

383, 384, 385 Allium cepa, 90, 309 (see also Onion) Allocarya nitens, 385 Almond, 32, 33, 97, 98, 309 (Prunus

amygdalus) Alpacca,62 Altocaricetum, 136 Alyssum alyssoides, 141 A maranthus graecizans, 89, 163 American grapes, 33 A mmophila arenaria, 276 ff Amoeba, 16, 374

Anabasis articulata, 169, 170 A ndropogon halepensis, 88 Angora goat, 63 Animals, in "Biological Salt Circula-

tion", 191 Anthoxanthetum odoratae, 136 Aphanotece packardii, 393 - utahensis, 372, 377, 393 Apium graveolens, (Celery), 309, 310 Apple, 33, 97, 309, (Pyrus malus) Apricot, 33, 98 - oak, 98 Arabis holboellii, 389 Arachis hypogaea (Ground nut), 283 ff Aristida, 64, 97 - ciliata, 169, 170 - obtusa, 169, 170 - plumosa, 169, 170 A rmeria, 194 Artemia, 375, 377 - gracilis, 393 - salina, 373 Artemisia fragrans, 30 - herba alba, 169 - salina, 101 - scapaeformis, 89 - spinescens communities, 390 - tridentata, 29, 34 Artemisietum herbae albae, 268 - monogynae, 136 - ponticae, 136 Arthrocnemum, 24, 29, 144, 167 - glaucum, 39 Arthropoda, 16, 373 Artichoke, 32, 33, 309, 310 (Cynara

scolymus) Ash (Fraxinus), 98 - green, 98 Asparagus, 32, 97, 309, 310, 311 (Aspa-

ragus officinalis) Aspen (Populus tremula), 98 Aster leucanthemifolius, 387, 389 - leucelene, 389 - trifolium, 38, 89, 134 Asteretum,30 Astragalus exscapus, 41, 135 - utahensis, 389 Asphodelus microcarpus, 169, 170 A tractylis cancellata, 169 Atriplex, 24, 31, 35, 100, 103, 390 - argentea, 380, 384 - Artemisia spinescens communities,

390

- canescens, 390 - confertifolia, 29, 387, 388, 389 - - communities, 388 - Eurotia communities, 390 - halimus, 29 - hastata, 33, 380, 381, 384 - Kochia communities, 389 - nummularia, 26 - nuttallii, 383, 387, 388 - paludosa, 26 - salina, 87 - tartarica, 87, 89, 101 - vesicaria, 26, 100 Atropis distans, 134, 135 (= Puccinelli a

distans) -- zone, 136 A udouinella violacea, 392 Avena sativa (see Oat), 309, 311 Avicennia spp., 144, 194 Avocado, 97, 204 Azadirachta indica, 98, 99 Azetobacter, 179

Baccharis halimifolia, 32 Bacilli of Great Salt Lake, 373, 393 Bacillus arborescens, 373 - albus, 373 - coherens, 373 - freudenreichii, 373 - hartlebii, 373 - mycoides, 373 - radicosus, 373 - ramosus, 373 - solitarius, 373 Bacteria, 16, 373 -, decomposing, 180 -, nitrogen fixing, 179 -, root, 179 Bacterioides rigidus, 373 Bacterium rigidum, 373 Barley, 13, 32, 46, 50, 91, 93, 94, 107,

309 - (Beduin strain), 173,267 ff - varieties, (salt tolerance), 95 Bassia spp., 100 - hyssopifolia, 385, 387 Batis, 24 Batrachospermum moniliforme, 392 Bean, 32, 33, 60, 90, 93, 97, 310, (see

also: Phaseolus vulgaris) Bean, Broad, 93, 309, 310, (Viciafaba) -, cluster, 93 Beans, green, 97 -, red E}dney, 91 Beckmannia ericiformis, 36 Bee-keeping, 50 Beet (root), 32, 35, 309

395

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), III Berseem, 93, 105 Beta vulgaris (Beet-root), 276 ff, 309 Betula (birch), 98 Betuletum pubescentis, 136 Birch (Betula), 98 bluegreen Algae, 179 Bolboschoenetum maritimi, 136 Bolboschoenus - belt, 135 Boscia albitrunca, 64 Bracharia mutica, 93 Brassica campestris, varieties, 93 - spp., 308, 309 brine flies, 374 - shrimp, 373 Broccoli, 97 Brometum tectorum, 136 Bromus sewerzowi, 89 - tectorum, 88, 141, 387, 389 Bryum caespiticium, 388 Buffalo grass, 103 Butea monosperma, 88 Butter, 63

Cabbage, 32, 35, 97, 309, 310 Cactus - fruits, 58 Cakile maritima, 183, 241 Calligonum comosum, 162, 169, 170 Calotropis procera, 99, 144, 173, 176,

248 ff - spp, Table opposite 17, 144, 166 Camelina microcarpa, 141 Camphorosmetum ovatae, 136 Canadian poplar, 98 Capparis decidua, 99 - horrida, 99 Capsella procumbens, 385, 387, 389 Carex stenophylla, 88, 169 Caricetum, Alto -, 136 - distantis, 30 - ,Parvo -, 136 - stenophyllae, 136 Carnegica gigantea, 58 Carrot (Daucus Carota), 309 Carya Pecan (Pecan), 98 - Hickory, 98 Carteria, 392 Castor beans (Ricinus), 93 Casuarina lepidophloia, 26 Cattle 46, 59, 62, 65, 97 - ,Frisian, 64 - ,Pedigree, 64 Cauliflower, 97, 309 Celery (Apium graveolens), 309, 310 Cellulomonas subcreta, 373 Centaurea pannonica, 30 - pieris, 88

396

- rhenana, 141 Ceratocarpus arenarius, 88 Cercospora arachidicola, 286 Cereals, 33, 46, 91, 93 Cenchrus spp., 93 Chaetomorpha aurea, 392 Chara contraria, 393 Chenopodium album, 89 - quinoa, 61 Cherry, 33 Chili sma parryi, 391 Chilophrya utahensis, 374 Chlamydomonas, 372, 392, 393 Chloris guayana, 93 Chlorophyta, 16, 372 Chrysopsis foliosa, 389 Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 388 - nauseosus speciosus, 390 - puberulus, 390 - pumilus, 388 - stenophyllus, 390 - viscidiflorus, 390 - - pumilus, 390 - - tortifolius, 390 Cichorium intybus, 89 Ciliates, 16, 374, 393 Citrullus sp. (Cucumber), 309 Citrus, 33, 97, 210 - aurantium (Orange), 309 -limonium (Lemon), 309 Cladocera, 331, 333 :f£ Cladophora fracta, 372, 392 Cleome lutea, 389 Clover, 32, 33, 309 (see also Trifolium) - ,hubam, 93 - ,ladino, 93 - ,red, 91 - ,strawberry, 89, 93, 111 - ,subterranean, 66, 103 - ,sweet, 32, 111 - ,white, 91, 93 - ,yellow sweet, 93 Coccochloris elabens, 372, 375, 376, 377 Coccus, 393 Cocoa, 98 Coconut, 98 Coffee, 98 Combretum apiculatum, 64 Conifers, 98 Convolvulus arvensis, 89, 141 Copaiferamopane, 64 Corchorus capsularis (Jute), 93 Corn (see also Maize), 91, 93 Cothurnia, 374 Cotton, Table opposite 17, 32, 57, 59,

61, 62, 93, 104, 309, 311 - varieties, salt tolerance, 96

Cow peas, 93, 291 ff (see Phaseolus mungo)

Cressa cretica, 90, 194 - depressa, 381 Crossidium aberrans, 388 Crypsidetum aculeatae, 30, 134,

136 Crypsis aculeata, 137 Cucumber (Citrullus sp.), 309, 310 Cucumis melD (Melon), 309 - sativus (Cucumber). 309 Cucurbita moschata, 57 Cucurbitaceae, 97 Cyanophyta, 16, 179, 372, 392 Cyclidium, 374 Cymbella, 393 Cynanchum acutum, 89 Cynara scolymus (Artichoke), 32, 33,

309,310 Cynodon dactylon, 88, 93, 97, 106, 108 - belt, 135 Cynodontetum, 97, 134, 136 Cyperetum fusci, 136 - pannonici, 30 C yperus, 104 - mucronatus, 183 - rotundus, 89

Dactylis glomerata, 169, 170 Dactyloctenium sindicum, 97 Dalbergia sisso, 99 Daphnia magna, 333 ff - pulex, 335, 336 Datepalm (Dates), 32, 59, 97, 309 Daucus carota (carrot), 309 Delphinium consolida, 141 Deciduous trees, 98 Deschampsia danthonioides, 385 Dhanicha, 106, 107, 108 Diatoms (Diatomaceae), 392, 393 Diarthron vesiculosum, 89 Dichanthium annulatum, 97 Dichothrix utahensis, 393 Digitaria, 64 Diplachne spp., 194 Distichlis spp., 194 - spicata, 29, 32, 93 - stricta, 379, 380, 381, 382, 385, 387 - zone, 381, 382 Draba cuneifolia, 387, 389 - nemorosa, 387, 389 Draught animals, 47, 50 Dunaliella salina, 392

Echinochloa spp., 97 Echinopsilon hyssopifolium, 87, 100

Ectotrophic mycorrhiza, 211 Egg-plant (Solanum melongena) , 309,

310 Eggs, 62 Elaeagnus angustifolia, 98 Eleocharidetum palustris, 136 - pauciflorae, 136 Elm (Ulmus), 98 -, sibirian, 98 Elusine compressa, 97 Endotrophic mycorrhiza, 211 Enteromorpha inestinalis, 392 - plumosa, 392 - prolifera, 392 - tubulosa, 393 Entophysalis rivularis, 372 Ephedra nevadensis, 391 Ephemerals, 87 Ephydra, 377 - cinerea, 374 - hians, 374, 393 - fertilis, 393 - gracilis, 374, 393 Eragrostidetum bipinnatae, 140,

223 Eragrostis, 64 - bipinnata, 39, 144 - tremula, 97 Erianthus ravennae, 89 Erigeron canadensis, 89 - divergens, 389 Eriogonum cernuum, 389, 391 - dubium, 391 - ovalifolius, 391 Eryngium maritimum, 183 Euglena, 393 Eucalyptus, 33, 84 - dumosa, 84 - oleosa, 84 Euhalophytes, 25 Eu-euhalophytes, 25 Euphorbia arenicola, 391 - jlagelliformis, 391 - paralias, 183 Euplotes, 374 Eurotia lanata, 388, 390

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), 309 Fenugreek, 33 Festuca octojlora, 389 - pseudovina, 30 Festucetum pseudovinae, 134, 135,

136 - trychophyllae, 136 Fibre crops, 93 Ficus carica (see Fig), 309 Fig, (see Ficus carica) 33, 309

Flagellates, 16, 374 Flavobacterium arborescens, 373 Flax, 32, 33, 46, 50, 309 Fodder beet, 310 - crops (- plants), 93, 111 - maize, 310 - trees, 64 Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel), 309 Fossils, 189 Fragaria vesca (Strawberry), 309 Frankenia, 24 - hirsuta, 30 - spp., 144, 194 French Beans, 33

397

Fruit, temperate (deciduous), 59, 60 Fruit(s), 46, 59, 62, 177 Funaria hygrometrica, 388 Fusarium, 309

Gammarus duebeni, 339 - spp., 339 Gardening, market -, 53, 67 Garlic, 50 Glaux, 194 - maritima, 24, 36 Gloeocapsa, 393 Gloeothece, 393 Goebelia 102 - (alopecuroides), 88, 101 Gooseberry, 33 Goats, 46, 65 Goat, Angora -, 63 Gossypium (see cotton) Table opposite 17 Gourd,62 Grain, 46 - maize, 310 Gram (Cicer arietinum) , 110 Grape (vine), 31, 59, 98, (see Vitis

vinifera) Grapefruits, 97 Grass, 47, 93, (Gramineae) - Giant Star, 93 Grasses, Bushveld, 64 Gratiola officinalis, 36 Grayia spinosa, 390 green Algae, 392 -Ash,98 - manure, 93, 107, 108, 109, Ill, 360 Grewia jlava, 64 Grigensohnia oppositijlora, 89 Groundnut, 65, 204, 283 ff, 310 Guava, 98 Gutierrezia microcephala, 388 - sarothrae, 390

Halocharis hispida, 89 Halocnemum sp., 24, 31, 37, 167

398

- strobilaceum, 30 Halogeton, 24 Halophytes, 87 - , Crino-, 87 -, Eu-, 87 - , Glyco-, 87, 101 Halo- succulence, 40, 100 - -succulent species, 87, 100 Haloxeritic species, 87, 100 Halo-xeromorphism, 40 Haloxylon persicum, 162, 163, 164, 169 - salicornicum, 169 Hay, 59 Helianthus annuus see Sunflower Hemp, 33, 50 Herbs, 62 Hickory (Carya), 98 Holoschoenetum vulgaris, 136 Honey, 62 Honey locust, 98 Hordeum (Barley), 13 - gussoneanum, 387 - murinum, 89 - sativum, 358 - vulgare (see Barley), 173, 267 ff, 309 Hormosira banksii, 41 Horse(s), 50, 56

Imperata cylindrica, 89 Incarnate clover, 310 Indian spinach, 97 Insects, 16, 62, 374, 393 Inula caspica, 89

Jack fruit, 98 Juncetum articulati, 30 - gerardi, 30, 136 Juncus, 29 - arabicus, 137, 157, 165, 172, 173, 176,

214, 215, 254 ff, 352 -maritimus, Table opposite 17,166,

214, 222, 225, 234, 236, 237, 241, 254 ff, 264

- punctorius, 173, 176, 259 ff, 264 - spp., 144, 166, 177 Juniperus osteosperma, 391 Jute (Corchorus capsularis), 93

Karakul sheep, 63, 65 Karelinia caspia, 89 Karoo bushes, 63 Kleinia sp., 221 Kochia hyssopifolia, 89 -lanosa, 26 - sedifolia, 26, 100 - spp., 103

- vestita, 29, 387, 388, 389 Lactuca sativa (Lettuce), 309 - scariola, 89 - tatarica, 89 Lecidea crenata, 387 Legumes, 33, 91, 93 Lemaireocereus thurbei, 58 Lemon, 97, 309 (Citrus limonium) Lentil, 33, 309, 310 Lepidietum crassifolii, 30 Lepidium crassifolium, 134, 135 - dietyotum, 385 - integrifolium, 34 - latifolium, 89 - perfoliatum, 89, 385, 387, 389 Leptodactylon pungens, 391 Lettuce, 33, 59, 97, 202, 309 Ley farming, 103 Limoniastrum, 194 Limonium, 24, 194 - vulgare, 38 Linaria genistifolia, 141 Linseed (Linum), 67, 93 Linum usitatissimum, see Flax Litchi,98 Llama, 62 Locust, honey, 98 Lolium perenne, 352 Loquat, 33 Lucerne (Alfalfa), 33, 63, 64, 65, 109,310 Lupin, 310 Lygodesmia grandiflora, 391

Macrothrix hirsuticornis, 335 ff Magno-Caricion, 30 Maize, 57, 60, 61, 62, 104, 309, 310 Malcolmia africana, 389 Mallee,84 Mammals, 16 Mango, 98 Mangrove, 99, 194 Maple, ash-leaved, 98 Marrow, 32 Meadows, 97 Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense) , 310 Meat industry, 63 Medicago sativa (see also Alfafa, Lucer-

ne),358 Melilot,33 M elilotus alba, 89 Melon, 32, 60, 309, 310 Mentha, 108 - arvensis, 89 Merino sheep, 63 M esembryanthemum australe, 42 - sp., 221 Meso-euhalophytes, 25

Mesohalophytes, 25 Micrococcus subflavus, 373 Microcystis packardii, 372 Microfiora, 179, 209, 211 Micro-organisms, 179 Millet, 50, 360 - ,finger, 93 - ,Italian, 93 - pearl, 94, - , - varieties, salt tolerance, 95 Miohalophytes, 25 Mohair, 63 Molasse, 107 Molinietum coeruleae, 136 Morus, 97 - alba (see Mulberry, white), 98 Mulberry, 97 - ,white, 98 Mustard (Sinapis alba), 308 Mutton, 63 Mycorrhizal association, 211 Myoporum platycarpum, 26 Myosurus apetalus, 385

Napier grass, 93 Navicula, 393 New Zealand spinach, 97 Nitraria retusa, 137, 140, 180, 223 Nitrobacter, 179 Nitrosomonas, 179 Noea mucronata, 169

Oak (Quercus), 93 Oak, Apricot, 98 Oats, 32, 91, 93, 309, 311 Oca (Oxalis cremetu), 61 Oenothera pallida, 391 Oikomonas, 374 Oil seeds, 93 Olea europea, 309 Olive, 32, 33, 309 - , narrow leaved (Olea angustifolia) ,

98 - , Russian, 98 Onions (see also Allium cepa) , 32, 50,

91,97,309 Ononis spinosa, 134 Opuntia echinocarpa, 58 - fragilis, 389 - fulgida, 58 Orange, 97, 98, 204, 309, (Citrus auran-

tium) Orchard(s), 67, 84 Oryza sativa (see Rice) Oryzopsis hymenoides, 391 Oscillaloria amphibia, 392 - angustissima, 387, 392

- animalis, 392 - brevis, 392 - chalybea, 392 - janthophora, 392 - lemmermannii, 392 - limos a, 392 - nigro- viridis, 392 - princeps, 392 - sancta, 392 - subtilissima, 392 - tenuis, 392 - terebriformis, 392 Ostrich, 63, 65 - eggs, 63 - feathers, 63 Oxalis cremetu, 61 Oxen, 50

Palms, 32 Pancratium maritimum, 183 Panicum, 64 - crus galli, 88 Papaya, 98

399

Parvi potameto- Zanichellietu m pedicella tae, 30

Paspalum vaginatum, 93 Paddy (see Rice), 94, 106, 107, 108 - varieties, 94 Pasture, irrigated, 59 Pastures, 67 -, mixed, 66 Pea, 32, 59, 91, 93, 309 Peas, cow, 93 -, gram, 93 -, pigeon, 93 (Pisum sativum), 309, 310 Peach (Alberta), 97, 309 Peaches, 33, 97, 204 Pears, 33, 97, 309 Pecan (Carya pecan), 98 Pepper (Solanum capsicum), 309, 310 Peridinium, 393 Persian Walnut, 97 Petrosimonia brachiata, 89 - litwinowii, 87, 100 - triandra, 87, 100 Phalaris tuberosa, 66, 103 Phaseolus aconitifolius, 57, 93 - aureus, 93 - lunatus, 57 - mungo, 93 (see Cow pea) - trilobus, 93 - vulgaris, 57, 93 Phormidium angustissimum, 392 - foveolarum, 392 - inundatum, 392 - ramosum, 392

400

- sub/uscum, 392 Phragmites communis, 30, 39, 89, 137,

170 - - var. stenophylla, 39 Phragmitetum Bolboschoeni, 136 -Menthae, 136 - purum, 136 - Tabernaemontani, 136 - Tripolii, 136 Phoenix dactyli/era See Date Palm Pigs, 97 Pistachio, 33 Pi stacia mutica, 169 Pisum sativum (Pea), 309, 352 Plantaginetum maritimae, 97,134,

135, 136 Plantago elongata, 385 - indica, 141 - lanceolata, 88 - maritima, 30, 38, 137 - purshii, 385 Plants, in "Biological Salt Circula-

tion", 191 Pleurocapsa, 376 - entophysaloides, 372, 393 Plum, 33, 97, 98 (Prunus spp.) Poa bulbosa, 88 - secunda, 389 Podophrya, 374 Poetum bulbosae, 136 Polygonum argirodolum, 89 Polycystis packardii, 372, 393 Pomegranate, 32, 98 Porodon utahensis, 393 Poplar, 33 -, Canadian (Populus canadensis), 98 -, silver (Populus alba), 98 Populus alba, 38 - nigra, 39 - pruinosa, 89 - tremula (Aspen), 98 Portulaca oleracea, 88 Potametum Lemnae, 136 - pectinati, 136 Potatoes, 33, 59, 61, 97, 309 Potentilletum arenariae, 136 Prosopis spicigera, 88, 99 - beans, 58 - julijlora, 99, 107 Protozoa, 16 Prunus amygdalus (Almond), 309 - persica (Peach), 309 Pseudomonas salinaria, 373 - subcreta, 373 Pseudocohnilembus, 374 Psilocarphus globi/erus, 385 Psoralea lanceolata, 391

Pterigoneurum lamellatum, 387 - ovatum, 387, 388 - subsessile, 387 Ptiloria exigua, 391 Puccinellia airoides, 384 - cristallina, 93 Puccinellio-Asteretum,30 - -Lepidietum, 30 Pyrus communis (Pear), 309 - malus (Apple), 309

Quercus (Oak), 98 Quince, 33 Quinoa,61

Radish,97 Raspberry, 33 Red currant, 33 Reed canary grass, 111 Reptiles, 62 Reseda lutea, 141 Rhizoclonium crispum, 372, 392 - hieroglyphicum, 372, 392 - salinum, 393 Rhodophyta, 392 Rice, 94, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,

110, 309, 360 -- seedlings, 106 Robinia pseudacacia, 98 Root bacteria, 179 Roots, edible, 62, 66 Rottboellia /asciculata, 176, 261 ff Rumex venosa, 391 Russian Olive, 98 Rye, 50, 91, 93 Rye grass, Woomera, 66, 103

Sad a Palak (spinach), 97 Salicornia, 24, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 40,

380, 381, 384 - /ruticosa, 29, 40 - herbacea, 41, 87, 90, 100, 137,349,352 - macrostachya, 40 - radicans, 40 - rubra, 378 ff - spp., 144 - stricta, 38 - utahensis, 378, 382, 385 Salicornietum herbaceae, 136 Salix (Willow), 98 - babylonica (Weeping Willow), 98 Salsola, 39 - aphylla, 63 - crassa, 90 - Kali, 39, 241, 385, 387, 389 -lanata, 90 - soda, 87, 100

- turkestania, 89 Salvadora oleoides, 99 Sann hemp, 93 Sapium sebiferum, 98 Sarcobatus-A triplex confertifolia com-

munities, 389 - vermiculatus 29, 379, 386, 388, 390 - -, communities, 386 Schoenetum nigricantis, 136 Scirpetum maritimi, 30 Scirpus maritimus, 30 - tabernaemontani, 30 Scrub, 47, 63 Seaweeds, 393 (see Algae) Senecio joppensis, 241 Serratia salinaria, 373 Sesame niger, 93 Sesbania aculeata, 93, 106, 110 - aegyptiaca, 109 - speciosa, 93 Seslerietum uliginosae, 136 Sessuvium sessile, 385 Setaria glauca, 88 - viridis, 88 Shaftal93 Sheep, 46, 59, 62, 65, 66 -, fat tailed, 63 -, Karakul, 63 -, Merino, 63 Shevri (Sesbania aegyptiaca) 109 Shrimps, 373, 374 Sibirian elm (Ulmus polygana) , 98 Silene conica, 141 - succulenta, 183, 241 Silver poplar, 98 Simocephalus vetulus, 335 Sinapis alba, 308 Sitanion hystrix, 387 Sinensis vine, 310 Soap (from Karoo bushes), 63 Solanum capsicum (Pepper), 309, 310 - lycopersicum (Tomato), 309, 358 - melongena (Eggplant), 309 - tuberosum (Potato), 309 Sorghum, 309, 311, 360 -, fodder, 93 - gentile, 310 - varieties, salt tolerance, 95 Soya beans, 33, 310 Spartina, 24, 31 - gracilis, 391 - patens, 32 - spp., 144, 194 SPergularia marginata, 36, 241 Sphaeralcea munroana, 389 Sphaerostigma alyssoides, 391 - tortum, 391

- utahensis, 391 Spinach, 32, 35, 97 -, Indian, 97 -, New Zealand, 97 - types, salt tolerance, 97 Spirulina major, 392 Sporobolus airoides, 29, 385, 387 - arenarius, 241 - marginatus, 107 - spp. 93, 97 Squash,60 Star grass, giant, 93 Statice, 31 - pruinosa, 180 - spp., 144 Stellaria media, 241 Steppe grass, 50 Stipa barbata, 169 - fontanesii, 169, 170 Stipetum capillatae, 136 - pennatae, 136 Stone fruits, 97

401

Strawberry (Fragaria vesca), 33, 309 - clover, 89, 93, 111 Suaeda, 37, 39 - arcuata, 89 - australis, 42 - divaricata, 35 - erecta, 378 ff - jruticosa, 29 - heterophylla, 89 - intermedia, 384 - maritima, 38, 39, 97, 137 - novae-zelandiae, 38 - paradoxa, 89 - prostrata, 87, 100 - salsa, 97, 137 - torreyana, 380, 382 ff Suaedetum,97 - maritimae, 30 Subterranean Clover, 66, 103 Succulents, 87 Suctoria, 374 Sudan grass, 93 Sugar-beet, 59, 91, 93, 94, 276 ff, 309,

310 Sugar-cane 61,67,93, 107, 108, 109,360 - -, varieties, salt tolerance, 95, 96 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , 33, 309,

310 Sweet Clover, 32, 111 - Potato, 33 Swiss Chard (spinach). 97 Synechoblastus coccophorus, 387

402

Tail-fat (from sheep), 63 Tamaricetum maris mortui, 226 Tamarix articulata, 107 - chinensis, 98 - gaUica, 89, 194 - paUasii, 98 - pentandra, 194 - pseudopaUasii, 194 - ramosissima, 98 - spp., 99, 137, 144, 166, 194 - tetragyna, 137 Teosinte sindicus, 93 Tetradymia glabrata, 390 - nuttaUii, 388 - spinosa, 388, 390 Tetramitus, 374 Tobacco, Table opposite 17,33,67,177,

268, 314, 323 ff Tolypothrix tenuis, 392 Tomatoes, 32, 33, 59, 97, 202, 309, 310,

312 Tortula bistratosa, 387 - brevipes, 387, 388 - ruralis, 387 Trachelomonas, 393 Trefoil,33 Trichodesmium erythraeum, 179 Trifolium alexandrinum, 358 - fragiferum (see also Strawberry

clover), 89, 93,111,352 - incarnatum, 310 - pratense, 310 - sp. (Clover), 309 - subterraneum, 66, 103 Triglochin maritima, 36, 384 - maritimum, 137 Triticum (see Wheat), 13, Table opposite

17,239,309 - aegilops, 88 - durum, 358 - vulgare, 352, 358 Tsetse fly, 64 Tunica saxifraga, 141 Turnip (Brassica sp.), 35, 308, 309 Typha, 39 - angustata, 137 - angustifolia, 36 Typhetum angustifoliae, 136

Ulmus (Elm), 98

- pinnata-ramosa, 98 -pumila, 98 UrobaciUus freudenreichii, 373 Uroleptus packii, 374, 393 Ulva lactuca, 392 - marginata, 393

Varieties, salt tolerance, 94 ff Vegetables, Table opposite 17, 50, 59,

97, 177, 268 Veldkos (wild food), 62 Veronica beccabunga, 38 - chamaedrys, 38 Vetch,32 Vida faba, 104, 309 - sativa, 358 Vine yards, 67, 84 Viti-culture, 50 Vitis vinifera (see Grape), 309

Walnut, 33 -, Persian, 97 Weeping Willow, 98 (Salix babylonica) Wheat, 13, Table opposite 17,32,46,50,

64, 65, 66, 91, 93, 94, 103, 106, 111, 268, 309, 311, 314, 360

-, hard, 50 - Varieties, salt tolerance, 95 Wheat grass (Agropyrum), 111 - seedlings, respiration, 101 Western wheat grass, 111 White mulberry, 98 Wool, 63, 66 Woomera rye grass, 66, 103

X anthium strumarium, 89 Xero-halophyte,26 Xeromorphics, evergreen, 87 Xerophytic vegetations, 87

Zanichellietum pedicellatae, 30 Zea mays, see Maize, Corn Zelcowa crenata (Ulmus polygana =

Sibirian elm), 98 Zilla spinosa, 169 Zizyphus mauritiana, 98 - spp., 99 Zonations, 29 ff, 133 ff, 382 ZygophyUum dumosum, 169 - fabago, 89

403

GENERAL INDEX

Adaptability of plants to environmental factors, 168 ff

Adaptation of Cladocera to salinity, 333 ff

Aeolian salt, 27 Aeration of soil, 142 Agave, experiments with sea-water

irrigation, 271 ff Agropyrum(on) junceum, analysis, 241 - -, chromosomes, 239 - -, sea-water experiments, 238 ff - - boreoatlanticum, experiments

with sea-water irrigation, 340 ff - - -, growth curves, 343 ff Algae, Great Salt Lake, 372 ff, 391 Alkalinity development, in arid zones,

78 ff - -, nomenclature, 78 Alkalinization of soil, 78, 303 ff A mmophila arenaria, experiments with

sea-water irrigation, 276 ff Andhra Pradesh, extent of salty land, 84 Animal physiology, comparison with

plant physiology, 205 Appiu soil, 77, 78 Arid areas, 8 ff, 43 - -, historical development, 45 ff - -, vegetation, 43 Artesian pressure, 138 Atacama, 86 Atriplex, osmotic pressure, 26 Atterberg scale of particle size, 153, 154 Australia, extent of salty land, 84 -, land use, 66 ff -, reclamation methods, 103 Avocado, alkali ions in roots and leaves,

204

Bacteria, Great Salt Lake, 373 Bacterial life, influence of salinity, 179 Balance of Ionic Environment, 17,

173 ff, 201 ff, 323, 353 - - - -, field experiments, 283 ff Baltic Sea, water, 17, 192 Bara soil, 75, 76, 77 Bari Agricultural Experiment Station,

classification of irrigation water, 297, 298

Bari soil, 75, 76 Barley, experiments with sea-water

irrigation, 267 ff -, salinity tolerant varieties, 95 Basic Law of Universal Balance, 6, 195 Beersheba, sea-water experiments, 225

-, set-up of sea-water experiments, 231 Bet Dagon, sea-water experiments,

224 ff - -, soil analysis, 225 Beta vulgaris, experiments with sea­

water irrigation, 276, 277 ff Biological Desalination, 11, 20, 145,

165 ff, 217, 236, 360 - Salt Circulation, 193 Black alkali soil, 72 Boyko's Geo-ecological Law of Distri­

bution, 87, 114, 241 Brackish Water, definition, 331 Brine in sand, calculation of film

thickness, 154

Calcareous deposits, Great Salt Lake, 374

Calotropis procera, experiments with sea-water irrigation, 248 ff

Canal irrigation, acreage in India, 48 "Capillary fringe", 114 Carbonate, as soil factor, 78, 79, 302,

375,386 Carstic circulation, Puglia, 300 Caspian Sea shore, relation between

soil and plant cover, 29 Cereals, salinity tolerance, 93 Chaudu soil, 75 China, land use, 52 Chinampas, 60 Chloride ion, toxic action, 204 - resistance in plants, 32 ff Chlorine Content, in Halites, 188 - -, in human body fluids, 193 - -, in lithosphere, 188 - -, in rainwater, 181, 192 - -, in river water, 188 - -, in sea-water, origin, 189 ff - -, seasonal fluctuation in Puglia,

299 Chlorophyll, in tobacco after sea-water

irrigation, 326, 328, 329 Chopan soil, 75, 77 Choudu soil, 78 Cladocera, growth and reproduction, 338 -, heat rate, 333 ff -, influence of overcrowding, 339 -, metabolism, 333 ff -, physiological adaptations to salinity,

333 ff -, survival curves, 335 ff Classification of halophytes, 25 - of irrigation water, 297, 298, 301

404

- of plants, 357 - of saline soil, 26 ff, 71 ff - of soil salinity, 26 Clay, permeability, 318 -, suspensoid, 321 Coastal Salt Circulation, 181 ff Cow Peas, irrigation experiments, 291 Crinohalophytes, 87 Cultivated plants, chloride resistance, 32

Daphnia, heart beats, 335 ff Dead Sea, chemical composition of

water, 15 - -, number of species living in, 16 Deflocculation of soil, 145 Degradation of soil, 78 Desalination, 18, 362 -, alternatives to, 132 -, required energy, 19 Desalinization of soil, 78 Desert areas, extent, 8, 9, 43 Desert Garden of Eilat, See Eilat,

Desert Garden Dew, 159 -, subterranean, 11, 148, 158 ff, 360 Dhanicha, 106 Dispersion coefficient in soil, 320, 321 Drainage channels, 28 Drought resistance, 169 Dune areas, 14 Dunes, shifting, 12 Dying experiment, 12, 158, 175 ff - -, with Agropyrum junceum, 246 ff - -, with funcus maritimus, 256 ff - -, with funcus punctorius, 260 ff - -, with Rottboellia fasciculata, 262 ff

East Mediterranean Sea, chemical com-position of water, 15, 216

- - -, number of species living in, 16 Ecological Climatography, 138 - Geophysics, 138 - Hydrology, 138 Economic plants, salt tolerance, 91 ff,

309 ff Egypt, extent of salty land, 84 -, land use, 54 -, reclamation methods, 104 Eilat, chemical analysis of water, 143 -, Desert Garden, frontispiece, 20,

214, 220 ff, 362 -, - -, composition of solids in

irrigation water, 221 -, - -, soil analysis, 220 -, wind conditions, 186 Erosion channels, influence on. vegeta­

tion, 141

Erratics, factor of, 168 Eu-euhalophytes, 25 Euhalophytes, 25, 87 Eurasia, land use, 49 ff Experiment with sea-water, description

of methods, 217 ff

FAO, 7, 238 Feeder roots, 147 ff - -, electron-microscopical investiga-

tion, 158 Fibre crops, salinity tolerance, 93 Fodder crops, salinity tolerance, 93 Foggara system, 53 Forest trees, salt resistance, 98 Fruits, quality after saline irrigation, 177 -, salt tolerance, 97

Geology, as causal factor of salinity in India, 67 ff

Germination, influence of salinity, 35, 36,358

-, of Agropyrum junceum, 243 -, of Agropyron junceum boreoatlan-

ticum, 345 Global Salt Circulation, 7, 11, 155, 180 ff,

188 ff, 357 - Water Circulation, 180 Glycohalophytes, 87 Grasses, salinity tolerance, 93 Great Salt Lake, algae, 372 ff - - -, - of strand, 391 - - -, area, soil analyses, 380, 381,

384, 385, 386, 388 - - -, bacteria, 373 - - -, climate, 368 - - -, fauna, 373 - - -, geology and geography, 368 ff - - -, number of species living in, 16 - - -, oolitic sand, 374 - - -, origin, 367 ff - - -, plant succession, 377 ff, 384 ff - - -, playas, 381 ff - - -, saline plains, 386 ff - - -, salinity, 370 - - -, sand dunes, 390 ff - - -, sediment of algal origin, 375 - - -, sedimentation, 374 - - -, soil analysis, 384 - -, - transect, 382 - - -, strand, 377 - - -, water analysis, 15, 371 . - - -, zonation of vegetation, 29,

377 ff Green manure crops, salinity tolerance,

93 Groundnut, analyses, 204, 287, 288,289

-, field experiments, 283 ff Groundwater, 82, 88 Growth of plants, influence of salinity

36 ff, 174, 178, 343, 352 - of seedling, influence of salinity, 36 - stimulating enzyme, 178 - stimulation by sea-water, 178, 338,

343 Gujarat, extent of salty land, 83

Halites, percentage of solids, 188 Halophytes, 99 -, classification, 25, 40, 87 -, tolerance to salinity, 32 Halo-succulence, 40 Halo-succulents, 100 Halo-xeromorphism, 40 Heart rate in Cladocera, 333 ff Historical development of arid zones,

45 ff Hopi, land use, 57 Hordeum vulgare, experiments with

sea-water irrigation, 267 ff Hospitable areas of world,S Hostile areas of world, 5 Human body, Na and CI in extra-

cellular fluids, 193 Hungary, extent of salty land, 84 -, nomenclature of alkali soils, 74 -, reclamation methods, 104 Hygroscopicity of salt brine, 155, 158

India, experimental work, 360 -, extent of salty land, 80 -, geological causes of salinity, 67 ff -, nomenclature of alkali soils, 75 -, reclamation methods, 105 ff Indians, land use, 57 ff Indo-Pakistan region, 47 ff Inland saline areas, source of salt, 27 Insolation-exposure-factor (IE factor),

159, 171, 192 Ion antagonism in soils, 37 Ionic environment, 17, 72, 173 ff,

283 ff, 323 Ippu soil, 75 Iran, land use, 46 -, reclamation, 109 Iraq, archeological findings, 13 -, reclamation, 109 Irrigation schemes, 174 - water, electrical conductivity, 297 - -, classification, 297, 301 - -, Puglia, chemical composition, 296 - -, -, seasonal variations in salinity,

298, 299

405

- with brackish water, effects on plants, 307 ff

- with saline water in Italy, 294 ff, 359 - - - -, quality improvement of

crops, 309 - with sea-water, effect on soil, 314 - - - -, experiments with Agro-

pyron junceum boreo-atlanticum, 340 ff - - - -, general rules of application,

361 - - - -, influence on tobacco, 323 - - - -, principles, 217, 360 Israel, land use, 46 Italy, experimental work, 294 ff, 358,

359

funcus maritimus, experiments with sea-water irrigation, 254 ff

- -, field experiments, 222 - punctorius, experiments with sea-

water irrigation, 259 ff

Kalahari, 62 Kallar soil, 75, 76, 77 Kankar, 82, 107 Karoo,62 Khadar, 114 Khar lands, 69, 83 - soil, 75, 76, 77 Kochia, osmotic pressure, 26 Kshar lands, 69 - soil, 75, 76, 77

Lake Bonneville, 367 Land use, 46 ff - -, patterns, 46 ff Leaf shedding, 144 Leaves, Na and CI content, 204 Legumes, salinity tolerance, 93 Life, first appearance in the ocean, 15,

205, 332 Limit of permeability, 350 Lithosphere, percentage of solids, 188 Lona soil, 75, 77 Longevity, 335 Lysimeters, construction, 218 ff, 229 ff

Maghrib,52 Magmatic Salt Circulation, 190 Maharashtra, extent of salty land, 83 -, soil classification and reclamation,

108 Meso-America, extent of salty land, 86 -, land use, 60 Meso-euhalophytes, 25 Mesohalophytes, 25 Mesopotamia, land use, 46

406

Mexico, 56, 60 -, extent of saline soils, 86 Microbiological influences, 178 ft Microflora, 142, 179 ff, 211 Miohalophytes, 25 Moroccan saline steppes, zonation of

vegetation, 29 Muscle, activation by K and Na, 205 Mycorrhyza, 211

Nerves, activation by K and Na, 205 Neusiedler See, zonation of vegetation,

30, 136 Nicotine in tobacco, influence of sea-

water irrigation, 326, 328, 329 Nitrogen fixation, 179 Non-saline alkali soil, 26 North Africa, land use, 52 ff - America, land use, 56 ff

Ocean, chemical composition of water, 15

-, number of species living in, 16 - water, percentage of solids, 188 Oil seeds, salinity tolerance, 93 Oolitic sand, Great Salt Lake, 374 Orange, alkali ions in roots and leaves,

204 Organic. manure, 209 Osmotic pressure II, 26, 33, 34, 37,

90 ff, 168 ff, 201 ff, 308, 348 - value, 172, 348

Pakistan, reclamation methods, 110 Partial Root Contact, 11, 142, 147 ff,

315,360 Patterns, in plant distribution, 25, 133 Peach, alkali ions in roots and leaves,

204 Pearl millet, salinity tolerant varieties,

95 Percolation, measurements in Beer-

sheba, 234 -, quick, 140 ff Period of Adaptation, 275 Permeability of soil, 140 ff, 314 ff Permeabilitatsschranke, 350 Permeameter, 315 Photosynthesis, 101 Physiological drought, 30, 37 Plant nutrition, 212 - vitality, 11 Plants, as indicator of aridity, 169 -, - - of salinity, 88 ff -, effects of irrigation with brackish

water, 307 ff -, salt excreting, 194

Population, human, 3, 4, 5 Potassium, as antagonist of sodium,

174,206,358 -, presence in soil, 207 Potassium-sodium relationships in

plants, 35, 202 ff Precipitation, 28, 43, 44 Principles of saline irrigation, 20, 139 ff,

217,360 Protein content, 102 Protoplasm, permeability, 33 -, viscosity, 100 Puglia, carstic circulation, 300 -, irrigation with saline water, 294 ff -, water characteristics, 295 ff Punjab, extent of salty land, 80 -, soil classification and reclamation,

105

Quality of crops, improvement by saline irrigation, 309

Radiation dew, 29 ff Rain-water, chloride content, 181 Raised Vitality, 175 ff Rakkar soil, 75, 76, 77 Reclamation Methods, 102 ff Red Sea, salt accumulation, 185 ff - -, water, 18 Red soil, analysis, 304 Reh soil, 75, 77 Residual sodium carbonate, 302 Respiration, 101 Rhizome development, in Agropyron

junceum boreo-atlanticum, 347 Rhizosphere, 211 Rice, salinity tolerant varieties, 94 River water, percentage of solids, 188 Root development, 211 - -, Agropyron junceum boreo-atlan-

ticum, 347, 348 - -, influence of organic manure, 209 - exsudation, 157 - hairs, size, 147 - -, water uptake, 161 -length, tobacco, 325 - respiIation, 210 - stiInulation, 209 - system, of Agropyron junceum, 351 - systems, 161 ff Rottboellia fasciculata, experiments with

sea-water irrigation, 261 ff

Sahara-Sahel region, land use, 53 Saline agriculture, principles, 138 - alkali soil, 26 - grazing land, 96

- soil, 27 - - formation, 19'1 - -, nomenclature and classification,

26, 71 ff - water, classification, 297, 301 - - irrigation, experiments, 214 ff - - - principles, 131 ff Salinity in irrigation water, 11 - of soil, classification, 26 Salinization of soil, 78 Salt, absorption by roots of plants, 24 - accumulation in plants, 26, 166, 167,

360 - - in soil, 11, 152, 155, 181, 184 ff,

237,329 - brine, hygroscopicity 155, 158 - circulation, 7, 11, 155, 180 ff, 188 ff,

357 - excreting glands in plants, 31, 144 - excretion, role in human nutrition,

145, 194. -, mechanisms in plants for removal

of,24 - spray, 192 ff - tolerance of plants, 31 ff, 91 ff,

307 ff, 332 - - in plants, factors, 308 ff -, toxicity for plants, 90 Salty land, extent, 80 ff Sand dunes, area, 9 -, lack of sodium absorption, 145 -, permeability, 318 -, temperature changes in, 160 -, thickness of brine film, 152 ff S'dom, sea-water experiments, 225 Sea-salts, as fertilizer, 175, 352 - -, as growth stimulants, 352, 353 Sea-water, analysis, 316, 324 - -, - before and after percolation,

236 - -, characteristics and classification,

331 - -, difference from other saline

water, 215 - -, origin of sodium and chlorine,

189 ff - - irrigation, effect on soil, 314 ff - - -, experiments, 214 ff - - -, - with Agropyron junceum

boreo-atlanticum, 340 ff - - -, -, soil analyses, 232, 233 - - -, -, water analysis, 227 - - -, general rules, 145 ff - - -, influence on tobacco, 323 ff - - -, principles, 131 ff - - -, soil analysis after, 144 Selekhas, 52

Semi-desert, area, 9 Shifting dunes, 12 Shotts, 52 Sierozem soil, 45 Smittah-year, 155 Sodic soil, 72 Sodium absorption, 145 - - relationship, 301 - - rate, 291, 315, 320

407

Sodium efflux pump, 23, 34, 35, 144 Sodium-potassium relationship in plants

35,202 ff - - antagonism, 174,206,358 Soil aeration, 142 - alkalinization, 301 - analysis, after irrigation with sea-

water, 319 - classification, 26 ff, 71 ff -, deflocculation, 145 -, effect of sea-water irrigation, 314 ff -, influence of irrigation and salinity,

302 ff - microflora, 211 - moisture stress, 90 -, relation of surface to particle size,

150 - salinization, 13, 327 - systems according to particle size,

154 Solod,72 Solonetz, 27, 72, 77 - soil, classification, 73 Solontchak, 27, 72, 77 - soils, classification, 73 Solubility of salts, 142 Solution culture, 207 ff Sorghum, salinity tolerant varieties,

95 South Africa, land use, 62 ff - America, extent of salty land, 86 - -, land use, 60 ff - West Africa, land use, 65 ff - - Asia, land use, 46 ff Spain, experimental work, 358, 359 Sprinkler irrigation, 205 ff, 286 Stomata, number, 38 Subterranean Dew, 11, 148, 158 ff, 315,

360 Succulence, 24, 31, 34, 99, 144 Sugar-beet, experiments with sea-water

irrigation, 276, 277 ff - cane, salinity tolerant varieties, 96 - crops, salinity tolerance, 93 Sulphate, resistance of plants against,

311 Suspensoid state of clay, 321 Sweet water layer, thickness, 300

408

Takyr soils, 73 - -, reclamation, 113 Tap roots, 161, 386 Temperature, effect on growth, 342,

352,353 Thermostatic line, 160, 161 Thur soil, 75, 77 Tobacco, growth behaviour after sea­

water irrigation, 325, 326 -, influence of sea-water irrigation,

177,323 ff Total (amount of) Diluted Solids

(T.D.S.), 214 ff - moisture stress, 99 - Salt Content (T.S.C.), 142 ff - soil moisture stress, 90 Transpiration, 38, 39, 101 -, in Agropyron junceum, 350 -, influence of salinity, 38, 39, 40 Tufo, soil analysis, 304 Tuzgolii, salinities and zonation of

vegetation, 29, 30

UNESCO, 7, 14, 18, 138, 215, 238, 280 UNESCO-WAAS Symposium, Sum­

mary Report, 357 ff UNO, 7,16, 362 Unterer Stinkersee, zonation of vegeta-

tion, 134 USA, extent of salty land, 85 -, land use, 58 ff -, nomenclature of alkali soils, 72 -, "Reclamation Era", 59 -, reclamation methods, 110 US Bureau of Soils, scale of particle

size, 154 - Salinity Laboratory, classification of

irrigation water, 297, 301 - Soil Salinity Laboratory, alkali soil

classification, 72

Usar lands, reclamation, 107 -, soil, 75, 77 USSR, extent of salty land, 85 -, nomenclature of alkali soils, 72 -, reclamation methods, 112 Uttar Pradesh, extent of salty land, 81 - -, soil classification and reclama-

tion, 107

Vegetation and Salinity, 23 ff -, effect of Aridity and Salinity, 99 ff - in arid lands, 87 ff -, relation to soil salinity and ground-

water, 88 ff Vegetables, salt tolerance, 97 -, quality after saline irrigation, 177 Vigour, 175,246 Viscosity Principle, ll, 152 ff, 360 Vitality, 175, 246

"Wasserumsatz" in transpiration, 39 Water, electrical conductivity, 297 - storage hairs, 31 - uptake by plants, 159 ff Wheat, salinity tolerant varieties, 95 White alkali soil, 72 World population Growth, 4 - Academy of Art & Science (WAAS),

7, 18, 215, 238, 362 - - - -, resolution of Rome

Conference, 280

Xerohalophytes, 26 Xerophytes, 87

Y otvata, field experiments, 222 ff -, soil analysis, 222 -, zonation of vegetation, 136, 137

Zonation in vegetation, 29 ff, 96, 134 ff