38824590 Pharmacology
-
Upload
jeffrey-tan -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of 38824590 Pharmacology
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
1/35
PHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
2/35
DIGOX IN ( LA N OX IN)DIGOX IN ( LA N OX IN)D dig level 2ng/m L or gr eate r is t ox ic
I inhibits s o dium-p o tassium ATP ase
G G I or C NS signs signs indicate adve r seeffects (nausea/an or ex ia f or adult t ox icity,st o mach upset in o lde r child)
O o utput, intake, and weight sh o uld bemo nitor ed
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
3/35
X d o nt give if pulse is less than 60
beats/min
I indicated f or CHF , at r ial fibr illatio n
N n o te p o tassium, E CG and r enalfunctio n tests
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
4/35
EP INEPHR INEEP INEPHR INE
N ne r vo usness (undesi r able effect)
A angina, a
rrhythmia (undesi
rable effect)
S suga r is incr eased
C ca r diac a rr est
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
5/35
A alle r gic r eacti o n
R r espi r ator y - b ro nch o dilator
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
6/35
N OR EP INEPHR INE (LEVOPH ED)N OR EP INEPHR INE (LEVOPH ED)
S stimulates alpha and beta ad r ene r gicr ecept or s
H hyp o vo lemia sh o uld be c orr ectedbef or e using d r ug
O o utput o f ur ine sh o uld inc r ease
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
7/35
C c o nst r ictio n o f bloo d vessels
K keep m o nitor ing vital signs eve r y 5 t o1 5 minutes
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
8/35
NITROGLYC ER INNITROGLYC ER INA av o id alco ho l
N N o te B P and apical pulse bef or eadminist r atio n
G given t o r elax the vascula r smoo th
system
I indicated f or angina pect or is
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
9/35
N n o te f or po stu r al hypo tensi o n; r iseslo wly
A advice client t o seek medical assistanceif pain is un r elieved afte r 3 do ses with 5minute inte r val
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
10/35
AC E INH IBITOR SAC E INH IBITOR S
S supp r esses r enin-angi o tensin-aldo ste ro ne system
W wa r n client with r enal or thy ro iddiseases
E ends with pril - capt o pr il (capo ten);enalap r il (vaso tec)
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
11/35
R r ise slo wly t o r educe or th o statichypo tensi o n
T t r eatment o f hype r tensi o n
E evaluate bl oo d p r essu r e
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
12/35
BETABETA --A DR ENERG IC BLOC KER SA DR ENERG IC BLOC KER Sy Ends with lol aten o lo l (Ten or min)B b r adyca r dia
B bl oo d p r essu r e is t oo lo w
B b ro nchial c o nst r ictio n
B bl oo d suga r is masked when l o w
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
13/35
CALC IUM CHA NNE L BLOC KERCALC IUM CHA NNE L BLOC KERy A mlo dipine (N or vasc), Diltiazem ( C ar dizem),
Nifedipine ( Pro car dia)
B bl o cks calcium access t o the cells
I indicated f or hype r tensi o n
L let client take d
rug with meals
ormilk
L - light and m o istu r e - p ro tect
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
14/35
DIUR ET IC SDIUR ET IC Sy Loo p fu ro semide ( Lasix )
y T hiazides chl oro thiazide (Diu r il)
y Po tassium spa r ing spi ro no lacto ne(A ldact o ne)
y O smo tic mannit o l (O smit ro l)
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
15/35
D diet; increase p
otassium f
orall e
xceptaldact o ne
I intake, o utput, daily weight m o nitor ing
U undesi r able effects: F& E imbalance
R r eview HR , BP, and elect ro lytes
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
16/35
E elde r ly car eful; evening d o se n o tr eco mmended
T take with or afte r meals and in AM
I inc r ease r isk o f or th o static hyp o tensi o n;mo ve slo wly
C cancel alc o ho l and ciga r ettes
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
17/35
WARFAR IN ( CO UMA DIN)WARFAR IN ( CO UMA DIN)y Pro th ro mbin time is m o nitor ed ( 1. 5-2 .5 X
co nt ro l is the the r apeutic r ange)
y Vitamin K is the antid o te
y Gr een leafy vegetables sh o uld be av o ided
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
18/35
C check vital signs, platelet c o unt, and PT
O o bse r ve f or bleeding
R r eview bleeding p ro to co l
A av o id A SA , may use acetamin o phen
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
19/35
H EPAR IN SO DIUM H EPAR IN SO DIUM y PTT must be m o nitor ed ( 1. 5-2 .5 X
co nt ro l)
y A ntid o te is p ro tamine sulfate is theantid o te
y Ho spitalizati o n is r equi r ed f or IV H epa r in
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
20/35
CLOP IDOGR EL (PLA VIX )CLOP IDOGR EL (PLA VIX )B bleeding, b ro nch o spasms undesi r able
effects
L l o we r s r isk o f athe ro scle ro tic events
E evaluate b r uising
E evaluate liver
functio
n
D d o take with f oo d or afte r meals
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
21/35
HMG HMG CoACoA INH IBITOR SINH IBITOR Sy Co mpetitive inhibit or s o f HMG -CoA
r eductase, an enzyme necessa r y f orcho leste ro l bio synthesis
y Indicated f or hype r cho leste ro lemia
y A tor vastatin ( Lipitor ), Simvastatin (Z o cor )
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
22/35
S statin is the ending
T take with f oo d and at bedtime
A always c o nsume 2- 3 lite r s o f fluid daily
T teach client t o do ex e r cise and weight
r educti o n as well
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
23/35
T t r eats hype r cho leste ro lemia
I inc r ease fibe r in diet
N neve r give if with live r disease
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
24/35
A N T IH ISTAM INESA N T IH ISTAM INESy C eti r izine (Zy r tec); l or atidine ( C lar itine);
diphenhyd r amine (Benad r yl); hydrox yzine(A ta r ax )
A acts by bl o cking histamine r elease atH1 r ecept or s
T take with f oo d
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
25/35
E educate client n o t t o dr ive or o pe r ate
machine r y if dro wsiness o ccu r s
C Co mm o nly given f or uppe r r espi r ator yaller gic disor de r s and anaphylacticr eacti o ns
L let client eat candy or sugar less gums if
dr y mo uth o ccu r s
E eliminate alc o ho l (C NS dep r essio n)
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
26/35
A N T IBIOT IC SA N T IBIOT IC SM m o nitor supe r infetio ns
E evaluate r enal/live r functio ns
D dia rr hea take y o gur t
I inf or m p ro vider pr ior to taking o the rmedicati o ns
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
27/35
C cultu r es p r ior to initial do se
A alc o ho l is o ut, ask ab o ut alle r gy
T take full c o ur se
E evaluate cultu r es, WB C , tempe r atu r e,
bloo
d
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
28/35
AM INOGLYCO SIDESAM INOGLYCO SIDESy A mikacin ( A mikin); gentamicin
(G ar amycin); Ne o mycin (Ne o bio tcs,M ycif r adin); St r ept o mycin
y Ser io us infecti o ns caused by g r am-negativinfectio ns
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
29/35
C EPHALO SPOR INSC EPHALO SPOR INS
y 1 st gene r atio n o ften used in clientaller gic to penicillin, gr am p o sitiveor ganisms, cefaz o lin (A ncef)
y 2nd gene r atio n g r am negative,cefu rox ime (Zinacef)
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
30/35
y 3 r d gene r atio n m o stly gr am negativeor ganisms, ceftazidime ( For taz),ceft r iaxo ne ( Ro cephin)
y 4th gene r atio n g r am-negative and g r am-po sitive, cefepime ( M ax ipime)
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
31/35
ALLOP UR INOL (ZYLOPR IM )ALLOP UR INOL (ZYLOPR IM )G gulp 1 0-1 2 glasses o f fluid daily; G I
dist r ess (undesi r able effect)
O o utput and input m o nitor clo sely
U u r ic acid p ro ducti o n dec r eased, use n o
alco
ho
l
T take afte r meals
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
32/35
COLCH IC INECOLCH IC INEA alc o ho l is o ut
C cuts d o wn o n effects o f B1 2 supplements
U undesi r able effects ( o ligur ia, anemia,diarr hea)
T take with f
ood
E e x ace r batio n - g o ut
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
33/35
PH ENYTO IN (DI LA N T IN)PH ENYTO IN (DI LA N T IN)G gingival hype r plasia
U use alte r nate bi r th c o nt ro l
M m o uth ca r e; p r eventative dental check-up
S s o ft t oo thb r ush, d o nt st o p ab r uptly
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
34/35
LITH IUMLITH IUM
L level-the r apeutic (0 .6-1. 2mEq/L)
I inc r eased u r inatio n
T thi r st inc r eased
H headache and t r em or s
I inc r ease fluids
-
8/8/2019 38824590 Pharmacology
35/35
U unsteady
M m o nitor salt