38805537 Discovering Fiction

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Definitions Synonyms Examples Word Forms

Professor: Mrs.Dastgerdi

By: Erfan Moradian


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PrefaceIn this pamphlet youll learn more than 500 sentences and expressions and near 100synonyms. As a person who experienced teaching English language nearly for 2 years, I have some learning tips for you, my dear friends:

1. DO NOT read the definitions only! Read the examples carefully and make sure youve fully understood them, and finally try to memorize them. This will help you

increase your vocabulary circle and also help you get acquainted with differentsentence structures. 2. Make your own sentences. This will help you remember thenew words for many years. 3. DO NOT forget to check other forms of the words youre trying to learn. In this way youll duplicate the number of the words you know.

And finally if you need extra examples and furthermore information, do not hesitate and contact me quickly: [email protected] Erfan Moradian

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In the name of godThe compassionate, the merciful

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ContentsChapter 1.4 Chapter 2.7 Chapter 310 Cha3


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Chapter 1Wish:

Definitions & Examples:to want sth to happen or to be true even though it is unlikely or impossible I wish I were taller. ( I wish I was taller) I wish I hadnt eaten so much. Where is h

e now? I only wish I knew! I wish you wouldnt leave your clothes all over the floor.She really wished shed stayed on at college. He sat by the phone, wishing it would ring.

Scare: to frighten sb; to become frightened Syn: Frighten, terrify, afraid It scared meto think I was alone in the building. He doesnt scare easily.

Sadness: The feeling of being sad Syn: Unhappy, upset, depressing Memories tinged with sadness I felt a deep sadness. It is with great sadness that we report the death of James Banks yesterday.

Stupidity: Behavior that shows a lack of thought or good judgment; the state or quality ofbeing slow to learn and not clever or intelligent Syn: Dumb, silly ,daft, foolish I couldnt believe my own stupidity. The errors and stupidities of youth The police were astonished at the sheer stupidity of drivers in going so fast in the fog. He faked stupidity to try to escape punishment for the crime.

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Loud: Making a lot of noise Syn: Noisy, crowdy Loud laughter a deafeningly loud banghe spoke in a very loud voice. That musics too loudplease turn it down.

Smell: The quality of sth that people and animals sense through their noses Syn: odorscent A faint / strong smell of garlic A sweet / fresh / musty smell There was a

smell of burning in the air. The smells from the kitchen filled the room.

Itch: An uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch yourself To get / have an itch I itch all over. Does the rash itch? This sweater really itches.

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Word Forms:

VerbWish Scare Smell Itch

NounWish Scare Sadness Stupidity Loudness Smell Itch

AdjectiveWishful scared Sad Stupid Loud Smelly Itchy

AdverbWishfully Sadly Stupidly Loudly -

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Chapter 2Reproach:

Definitions & Examples: To blame or criticize sb for sth that they have done or not done, because you are disappointedin them; to feel guilty about sth that you think you should have done in a diffe

rent way

Syn: Blame, accuse, discredit She was reproached by colleagues for leaking the story to the press. He reproached himself for not telling her the truth.

Pretend: To behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe snot true Im tired of having to pretend all the time. Of course I was wrong; it would be hypocritical to pretend otherwise. He pretended to his family that everything was fine. We pretended (that) nothing had happened. She pretended (that) she was his niece. I pretended to be asleep. He pretended not to notice. She didnt

love him, though she pretended to. She pretended an interest she did not feel.

Pain: To cause sb pain or make them unhappy; the feelings that you have in yourbody when you havebeen hurt or when you are ill/sick

Syn: Hurt, ache, injure She was deeply pained by the accusation. The wound still pained him occasional. It pains me to see you like this. She was clearly in a lot of pain. You get more aches and pains as you get older. This cream should help to relieve the pain.

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Sleep: To rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active To sleep well / deeply / soundly / badly I couldnt sleep because of the noisehad to sleep on the sofa. I slept at my sisters house last night. We both slept right through (= were not woken up by) the storm. We sometimes sleep late at theweekends (= until late in the morning).

Startle:

To surprise sb suddenly in a way that slightly shocks or frightens them Syn: Sprise, amaze I didnt mean to startle you. The explosion startled the horse. I wasstartled by her question. It startled me to find her sitting in my office.

Intent: What you intend to do Syn: Intention She denies possessing the drug with intento supply. He was charged with wounding with intent. A letter / statement of intent His intent is clearly not to placate his critics.

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Word Forms:

VerbReproach Pretend Pain Sleep Startle Intend

NounReproach Pretence Pain Asleep Startle Intent

Adjective

Adverb

Reproachful Reproachfully Pretend,Pretended Pretendedly Painful Painfully sleepySleepily Startled, Startling startledly Intent, Intended Intently

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Chapter 3Dangle:

Definitions & Examples:To hang or swing freely Syn: Hang, swing Gold charms dangled from her bracelet.A single light bulb dangled from the ceiling. His legs dangled over the side of

the boat. He sat on the edge with his legs dangling over the side. She dangled her car keys nervously as she spoke.

Droop: To bend, hang or move downwards, especially because of being weak or tired

The drooping branches of the apple tree She was so tired; her eyelids were beginning to droop. The plants were drooping from lack of water.

Thrust:To push sth/sb suddenly or violently in a particular direction; to move quicklyand suddenly in a particular direction Syn: Plunge, jam He thrust the baby into

my arms and ran off. She thrust her hands deep into her pockets. He tends to thrust himself forward too much. Her chin was thrust forward aggressively. She thrust past him angrily and left.

Drape: To hang clothes, materials, etc. loosely on sb/sth She had a shawl draped aroundher shoulders. He draped his coat over the back of the chair. She draped a cover over the old sofa.

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Elegant: Attractive and showing a good sense of style Syn: Stylish She was tall and elegant. an elegant dress

Abandon: To leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning Syn: Leave, desert The baby had been abandoned by its mother. People often si

mply abandon their pets when they go abroad. The study showed a deep fear amongthe elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

Pile: To put things one on top of another; to form a pile Syn: Heap, Stack She piled the boxes one on top of the other. The clothes were piled high on the chair. Snowwas piled up against the door.

Suspect: To have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike amatch or even turn on an electric light. Suspecting nothing, he walked right int

o the trap.I didnt want the neighbors suspecting anything.

I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. I suspect (that) she might be lying. As

I had suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.

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Word Forms:

VerbDangle Droop Thrust Drape Abandon Pile Suspect

NounDroop Thrust Drapes Elegance Abandon Pile Suspect

AdjectiveDangling Droopy Thrusted Draped Elegant Abandoned Piled Suspected,Suspect

AdverbDroopily Elegantly -

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Chapter 4Boast:

Definitions & Examples:To talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can do I dont want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages. She is always boasting about how wond

erful her children are. He openly boasted of his skill as a burglar. Sam boastedthat she could beat anyone at poker.

Complaint: a reason for not being satisfied The most common complaint is about poor servi. We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities. I believe you have a complaint against one of our nurses. Id like to make a complaint about the noise. a complaint that he had been unfairly treated

Retire: To stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age orbecause you are ill/sick She was forced to retire early from teaching because of

ill health.He is retiring next year after 30 years with the company.

My dreamis to retire to a villa in France. He has no plans to retire as editor of the ma

gazine. The companys official retiring age is 65. She was retired on medical grounds.

Limp: To walk slowly or with difficulty because one leg is injured She had twisted herankle and was limping. Matt limped painfully off the field.

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Direction: The general position a person or thing moves or points towards Tom wenthe direction of home. She glanced in his direction. The aircraft was flying in anortherly direction. The road was blocked in both directions. They hit a truckcoming in the opposite direction. Has the wind changed direction? When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions. I lost all sense of direction(= I didnt know which way to go).

Load: To put a large quantity of things or people onto or into sth Syn: cargo, burWe loaded the car in ten minutes. Can you help me load the dishwasher? Men wereloading up a truck with timber. Sacks were being loaded onto the truck. We finished loading and set off.

Delivery: The act of taking goods, letters, etc. to the people they have been sent to Plse pay for goods on delivery (= when you receive them). Allow 28 days for delivery. Is there a postal / mail delivery on Saturdays? When can you take delivery of (= be available to receive) the car? the delivery of public services

Excuse: To forgive sb for sth that they have done, for example not being polite or making a small mistake Syn: forgive, pardon Please excuse the mess. I hope youll excuse me for being so late. You must excuse my fatherhes not always that rude. You might be excused for thinking that Ben is in charge (= he is not, but it is an easymistake to make). Excuse my interrupting you.

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Skip: To move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step She skipped happily along beside me. Lambs were skipping about in the fields.

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Chapter 5Definitions & Examples:Obey: To do what you are told or expected to do To obey a command / an order / rules /the law He had always obeyed his parents without question. I tried to run but my legs just wouldnt obey me. Sit down! Meekly, she obeyed.

Disappear: To become impossible to see Syn: vanish The plane disappeared behind a cloud. Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view.

Feel: To experience a particular feeling or emotion The heat made himsounded more confident than she felt. I was feeling guilty. Youll feel better after a good nights sleep. She felt betrayed. I feel sorry for him. How are you feeling today? I know exactly how you feel (= I feel sympathy for you). Luckily I was feeling in a good mood. He seemed to feel no remorse at all. Standing there onstage I felt a complete idiot. I felt like a complete idiot.

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Comfort: To make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them Syn: reassure, soothe The victims widow was today being comforted byfamily and friends. She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon bespring. It comforted her to feel his arms around her.

Threaten:

To say that you will cause trouble, hurt sb, etc. if you do not get what yout Syn: Intimidate They broke my windows and threatened me. The attacker threatened them with a gun. He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn uplate for work. The threatened strike has been called off. The hijackers threatened to kill one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.

Silence: To make sb/sth stop speaking or making a noise Syn: Quieten She silenced him with a glare. Our bombs silenced the enemys guns (= they destroyed them).

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Word Forms:

VerbObey Disappear Feel Comfort Threaten Silence

NounObedience Disappearance Feeling Comfort Threaten Silence

AdjectiveObedient Feeling Comfortable Threatening Silent

AdverbObediently Feelingly Comfortably Threateningly Silently

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Chapter 6Tradition:

Definitions & Examples: A belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people Syn : custom Religious / cultural, etc. traditions Thisregion is steeped in tradition. The company has a long tradition of fine design

. The British are said to love tradition (= to want to do things in the way theyhave always been done). They broke with tradition (= did things differently) and got married quietly. By tradition, children play tricks on 1 April. Theres a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Years Eve. Hes a politician in the tradition of (= similar in style to) Kennedy.

Proud: Feeling pleased and satisfied about sth that you own or have done, or are coted with Proud parents The proud owner of a new car Your achievements are something to be proud of. He was proud of himself for not giving up. I feel very proudto be a part of the team. She was proud that her daughter had so much talent.

Shiver: (Of a person) to shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc.Syn: Tremble To shiver with cold / excitement / pleasure, etc. Dont stand outsideshiveringcome inside and get warm! He shivered at the thought of the cold, darksea.

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The state of suffering and death caused by having no food Syn: Hunger To die of/ from starvation Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought. A starvation diet (= one in which you do not have much to eat) They were on starvation wages (= extremely low wages).

Discourage: To try to prevent sth or to prevent sb from doing sth, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it Syn: Dishearten, demoralize A campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers I leave a light on whenIm out to discourage burglars. His parents tried to discourage him from being anactor.

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Word Forms:

VerbShiver Starve Discourage

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Tradition Traditional Traditionally Pride Proud proudly Shiver Shivery Starvation Starved Discouragement Discouraging Discouragingly

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Chapter 7Write:

Definitions & Examples1:In some countries children dont start learning to read and write until they are six. Please write in pen on both sides of the paper. I havent got anything to writ

e with. Write your name at the top of the paper. The teacher wrote the answers on the board. The b had been wrongly written as a d.

Mechanical: Operated by power from an engine A mechanical device / toy / clock Mechanical parts

Learn: Syn: Discover, memorize To learn a language / a musical instrument / a searned a lot from my father. You can learn a great deal just from watching otherplayers. Shes very keen to learn about Japanese culture. The book is about how children learn. Hes learning to dance. Hes still learning how to dance. Today we le

arnt how to use the new software.

1. As some of the words in this lesson are so easy, I just mentioned their examples.

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Progress: The process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or cpleting sth To make progress Slow / steady / rapid / good progress We have madegreat progress in controlling inflation. Economic / scientific / technical progress They asked for a progress report on the project.

Disappointed:

Upset because sth you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected Syn: Down(exp) They were bitterly disappointed at the resultof the game. I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. Im disappointed in youI really thought I could trust you! I was very disappointed with myself. He wasdisappointed to see she wasnt at the party. Im disappointed (that) it was sold out. She was disappointed not to be chosen.

Hope: We are hoping for good weather on Sunday. All we can do now isyou think it will rain? I hope not. Will you be back before dark? I hope so, yes. Txam went better than Id dared hope. Ill see you next week, I hope. I hope (that) youre okay. I can only hope (that) there has been some mistake. Detectives are hop

ing (that) witnesses will come forward. Lets hope we can find a parking space. Itis hoped that over 10 000 will be raised. She is hoping to win the gold medal. We hope to arrive around two. What had he hoped to achieve?

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Complete: Syn: Fill in Shes just completed a masters degree in Law. The project should be completed within a year.

Special: Not ordinary or usual; different from what is normal Syn: Exceptional The schowill only allow this in special circumstances. Some of the officials have speci

al privileges. There is something special about this place. This type of wood needs special treatment.

Think: Do you think (that) theyll come? I thought I heard a screamed sports. Am I right in thinking that you used to live here? I think this is their house, but Im not sure. He ought to resign, I think. Well need about 20 chairs, I should think. It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth. What did you think about the idea? Well, I like it. What do you think? Will we make it in time? I think so. Is he any good? I dont think so. I think it highly unlikat Ill get the job. She thought him kind and generous. Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe

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Word Forms:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Write Writing Written Mechanize Mechanism Mechanical Mechanically Learn Learning,Learner Learned,Learnt Progress Progress Progressive Progressively Disappoint Disappointment Disappointed Disappointedly Hope Hope Hopeful Hopefully Complete Completion Complete Completely Specialize Specialty Special Specially Think ThinkThinkable Thinkably

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Chapter 8Beauty:

Definitions & Examples:The quality of being pleasing to the senses or to the mind The beauty of the sunset / of poetry / of his singing A woman of great beauty The woods were designat

ed an area of outstanding natural beauty. Beauty products / treatment (= intended to make a person more beautiful) The sheer beauty of the scenery took my breath away.

Graduate: To get a degree, especially your first degree, from a university or collegethirty students graduated in Chinese last year. She graduated from Harvard thisyear. He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology. Martha graduated fromhigh school two years ago. The college graduated 50 students last year. She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.

Prosperous:Rich and successful Syn: Affluent Prosperous countries Farmers are more prosperous in the south of the country.

Jealous: Feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else; feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had sth that sb else has; wanting to keep or protect sth that you have because it makes you feel proud Syn: Envious A jealous wife / husband Hes only talking to her to make you jealous. Shesjealous of my success. Children often feel jealous when a new baby arrives.

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They are very jealous of their good reputation (= they do not want to lose it).

Marriage: The legal relationship between a husband and wife Happy / unhappy marriaf her childrens marriages ended in divorce. an arranged marriage (= one in which

the parents choose a husband or wife for their child) She has two children by aprevious marriage. This is his second marriage. They dont believe in marriage. Myparents are celebrating 30 years of marriage. Their marriage took place in a local church.

Final: Being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statemis final act as party leader The referee blew the final whistle. The project isin its final stages. They find each other in the final chapter of the book. Id like to return to the final point you made. No one could have predicted the finaloutcome. The judges decision is final. Who has the final say around here? Ill giveyou $500 for it, and thats my final offer! Im not coming, and thats final! (= I wi

ll not change my mind)

Grateful: Feeling or showing thanks because sb has done sth kind for you or has doneu asked Syn: Thankful, appreciate I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help. We would be grateful for any information you can give us. She seems to think I should be grateful to have a job at all. He was grateful that she didnt tell his parents about the incident. Grateful thanks are due to the following people for their help... Kate gave him a grateful smile.

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Ridiculous: Very silly or unreasonable Syn: Absurd, ludicrous I look ridiculous in this haDont be ridiculous! You cant pay 50 for a T-shirt! It was ridiculous that this should be so difficult to say. They ate and drank a ridiculous amount.

Expression: Things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions an

d ideas; A look on a persons face that shows their thoughts or feelings; A word or phrase Syn: look, phrase, term, idiom An expression of support Expressions ofsympathy flooded in from all over the country. Freedom of expression (= freedomto say what you think) is a basic human right. The poets anger finds expression in (= is shown in) the last verse of the poem. The riots are the most serious expression of anti-government feeling yet. Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears. Their frustration needs some form of expression.

Recurrent: That happens again and again Recurrent infections Recurrent costs Poverty is a recurrent theme in her novels.

Scare: To frighten sb; to become frightened Syn: Frighten, terrify It scared me to think I was alone in the building. He doesnt scare easily.

Familiar: Well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize To look /sound / taste familiar Hes a familiar figure in the neighborhood. The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery. Something about her voice wasvaguely familiar.

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Violent attacks are becoming all too familiar (= sadly familiar). I couldnt see any familiar faces in the room.

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Word Forms:

VerbBeautify Graduate Prosper Marry Finalize Ridicule Express Recur Scare Familiarize

Noun

Adjective

AdverbBeautifully Prosperously Jealously Finally Gratefully Ridiculously Expressionlessly Recurrently Familiarly

Beauty Beautiful Graduate Graduate,Graduated Prosperity Prosperous Jealousy Jealous Marriage Married Final Final Gratefulness Grateful Ridicule Ridiculous Expression Expressionless Recurrence Recurrent Scare Scary, Scared Familiarity Familiar

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Chapter 9Eager:

Definitions & Examples:Very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that youwant to do Syn: Keen, enthusiastic Eager crowds outside the stadium She is eage

r for (= wants very much to get) her parents

approval. Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn. Theyre eager to please (= wanting to be helpful).

Murder: The crime of killing sb deliberately Syn: Homicide He was found guil. She has been charged with the attempted murder of her husband. To commit (a) murder A murder case / investigation / trial The rebels were responsible for themass murder of 400 civilians. What was the murder weapon? The play is a murder mystery. Its murder trying to get to the airport at this time of day. It was murder (= very busy and unpleasant) in the office today.

Gentle:Calm and kind; doing things in a quiet and careful way A quiet and gentlegentle voice / laugh / touch She was the gentlest of nurses. He lived in a gentl

er age than ours. Be gentle with her! She agreed to come, after a little gentlepersuasion. He looks scary but hes really a gentle giant.

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Shock: A strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; the event that causes this feeling; to surprise and upset sb Syn: Horrify,appal, disgust, sicken, repel, revolt The news of my promotion came as a shock. Hes still in a state of shock. I got a terrible shock the other day. She still hadnt got over the shock of seeing him again. If you think the job will be easy, youre in for a shock. Losing in the first round was a shock to the system (= it wa

s a more of a shock because it was not expected). The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round. When I added up the cost it gave me quite a shock. It shocks you when something like that happens. We were all shocked at the news of hisdeath. Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area. Iwas shocked to hear that he had resigned.

Surprise: An event, a piece of news, etc. that is unexpected or that happensStartle, amaze, stun, astonish, astound, take sb back What a nice surprise! A surprise attack There are few surprises in this years budget. I have a surprise for you! It comes as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises. Her letter came as a complete surprise. There are lots of surprises in store for visitor

s to the gallery. Visitors to the gallery are in for a few surprises. Lifes fullof surprises. She likes springing surprises on people.

Nervous: Anxious about sth or afraid of sth Syn: Neurotic, edgy, jittery, on edge, nervConsumers are very nervous about the future. He had been nervous about invitingus. The horse may be nervous of cars. I felt really nervous before the interview.

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A nervous glance / smile / voice (= one that shows that you feel anxious) By thetime the police arrived, I was a nervous wreck.

Strange:Unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to understand Syn:

Odd, weird, bizarre A strange thing happened this morning. She wasin a very strange way. Its strange (that) we havent heard from him. Its strange how childhood impressions linger. Thats strangethe front doors open. Im looking forward to the exam, strange as it may seem. There was something strange about her eyes. Strange to say, I dont really enjoy television. A strange city To wake up ina strange bed Never accept lifts from strange men. At first the place was strange to me.

Compassion: A strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them Syn: Sympathy To feel / show compassion She was known as a hard woman with no compassion, no emotion. In an overworked doctor, feelings of compassion are so

on lost.

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Word Forms:

VerbMurder Shock Surprise -

NounEagerness Murder Gentleness Shock Surprise Nervous Strangeness Compassion

AdjectiveEager Murdered Gentle Shocking Surprising Nervous Strange Compassionate

AdverbEagerly Gently Shockingly Surprisingly Nervously Strangely Compassionately

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Chapter 10

Definitions & Examples:Nervous Check it at page 32 Eager Check it at page 31 Reflection:

An image in a mirror, on a shiny surface, on water, etc; a sign that shows the state or nature of sth He admired his reflection in the mirror. The increase in c

rime is a sad reflection on (= shows sth bad about) our society today. She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. A week off would give him time for reflection.

Play: To do things for pleasure, as children do; to enjoy yourself, rather than workgroup of kids were playing with a ball in the street. Youll have to play insidetoday. I havent got anybody to play with! Theres a time to work and a time to play. Lets play a different game.

Celebrated: Famous for having good qualities Syn: Famous, well-known, noted, star A celebrat

ed painter One of Rodins most celebrated works

Crowd:A large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in thestreets or at a sports game, a particular group of people

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He pushed his way through the crowd. A small crowd had gathered outside the church. Police had to break up the crowd. Crowds of people poured into the street. Iwant to get there early to avoid the crowds. The match attracted a capacity crowd of 80 000. The crowd cheered the winning hit. Crowd control Crowd trouble A whole crowd of us are going to the ball (= a lot of us). He left the hotel surrou

nded by crowds of journalists. Bob introduced her to some of the usual crowd (=people who often meet each other). The bright young theatrical crowd

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Word Forms:

VerbReflect Play Celebrate Crowd

NounReflection Play Celebrity Crowd

AdjectiveReflective Playful, PlayableCelebratory,celebrated

AdverbReflectively Playfully -

Crowded

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Chapter 11Obstinate:

Definitions & Examples:Refusing to change your opinions, way of behaving, etc. Syn: stubborn He can bevery obstinate when he wants to be! Her obstinate refusal to comply with their r

equest. The obstinate problem of unemployment An obstinate stain

Magnificent: Extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise Syn: splendid The Taj Mahal is a magnificent building. She looked magnificent in her wedding dress. Youve all done a magnificent job.

Emphatic: An emphatic statement, answer, etc. is given with force to show that it is important; (of a person) making it very clear what you mean by speaking with force Anemphatic denial / rejection He was emphatic that he could not work with her. She was equally emphatic about the importance of discipline.

Possessive: Demanding total attention or love; not wanting sb to be independent; not likingto lend things or share things with others Some parents are too possessive of their children. Jimmys very possessive about his toys.

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We thought wed be hopping but business is terrible.

Hurl: To throw sth/sb violently in a particular direction He hurled a brick through the window. He picked up the chair and hurled it across the room. Some demonstrato

rs began hurling bricks at the police.

Stride: To walk with long steps in a particular direction Syn: March We strode across the snowy fields. She came striding along to meet me.

Emerge: To come out of a dark, confined or hidden place; to start to exist; to abecome known Syn: Transpire The swimmer emerged from the lake. She finally emerged from her room at noon. We emerged into bright sunlight. He emerged from theshadows. After the elections opposition groups began to emerge. He emerged as akey figure in the campaign The emerging markets of South Asia

Burden: To give sb a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work Syn: Load, duty, responsibility They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage. I dont want to burden you with my worries. To be burdened by high taxation

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Word Forms:

VerbEmphasize Possess Hop Hurl Stride Emerge Burden

NounObstinacy Magnificence Emphasis Possession Hop Hurling Stride Emergence Burden

Adjectiveobstinate Magnificent Emphatic Possessive Hopping Hurled Strident Emergent Burdensome

AdverbObstinately Magnificently Emphatically Possessively Stridently -

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Chapter 12Criticize:

Definitions & Examples:To say that you disapprove of sb/sth; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about sb/sth The decision was criticized by environmental groups. The govern

ment has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously. All you ever do is criticizing!

Consider: To think about sth carefully, especially in order tored her options. Let us consider the facts. He was considering an appeal. A carefully considered response The company is being actively considered as a potential partner (= it is thought possible that it could become one). Were considering buying a new car. You wouldnt consider marrying a man for his money, then? We needto consider how the law might be reformed. He was considering what to do next.Id like some time to consider. This award is considered (to be) a great honor. Heconsiders himself an expert on the subject. These workers are considered (as) a

high-risk group. Who do you consider (to be) responsible for the accident? Consider yourself lucky you werent fired. She considers that it is too early to forma definite conclusion. The Home Secretary will release prisoners only if he considers it is safe to do so. Hes generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country.

Patient: A person who is receiving medical treatment, especially in a hospital; able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behavior or difficulties without becomingangry cancer patients Shes very patient with young children.

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Youll just have to be patient and wait till Im finished.

Silent: Not speaking Syn: Quiet To remain / stay / keep silent They huddled togethsilent groups. As the curtain rose, the audience fell silent. He gave me the sil

ent treatment (= did not speak to me because he was angry). At last the trafficfell silent. The streets were silent and deserted.

Fragrance: A pleasant smell; a liquid that you put on your skin in order to make yourselfmell nice Syn: perfume The bath oil comes in various fragrances. The flowers arechosen for their delicate fragrance. An exciting new fragrance from Dior They are about to launch their first fragrance for men.

Bright: Full of light; shining strongly; cheerful and lively Syn: vibranus, fluorescent, brilliant Bright light / sunshine A bright room Her eyes were b

right with tears. I like bright colors. A bright yellow dress Jacks face turned bright red. A bright morning (= with the sun shining) His eyes were bright and excited. She gave me a bright smile. Why are you so bright and cheerful today? Hisface was bright with excitement.

Anxiety: The state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen; a worryor fear about sth Acute / intense / deep anxiety

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Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety. Waiting for exam results is a time of great anxiety. If youre worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor.

Bankruptcy:

The state of being bankrupt Syn: insolvency The company filed for bankruptcy (=asked to be officially bankrupt) in 2003. Moral / political bankruptcy There could be further bankruptcies among small farmers.

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Word Forms:

VerbCriticize Consider Silence Brighten Bankrupt

NounCriticism Consideration Patience Silence Fragrance Brightness Anxiety Bankruptcy

AdjectiveCriticized,Criticizing Considerable Patient Silent Fragrant Bright Anxious Bankrupt

AdverbCriticizingly Considerably Patiently Silently Fragrantly brightly Anxiously -

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Chapter 13Length:

Definitions & Examples:The size or measurement of sth from one end to the other; the amount of time that sth lasts This room is twice the length of the kitchen. The river is 300 miles

in length. The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm. He ran the entire length of the beach (= from one end to the other). Did you see the length of his hair? We discussed shortening the length of the course. He was disgusted at the length of time he had to wait. She got a headache if she had to read for any lengthof time (= for a long time). Size of pension depends partly on length of service with the company. Each class is 45 minutes in length.

Insult: To say or do sth that offends sb I have never been so insulted in my life! Selt insulted by the low offer. You insult my intelligence (= you are treating meas if I am stupid)! The crowd was shouting insults at the police. His commentswere seen as an insult to the president. The questions were an insult to our int

elligence (= too easy).

Terrible: Very unpleasant; making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightened Synorrible, dreadful, vile, foul A terrible experience What terrible news! Ive justhad a terrible thought. It was a terrible thing to happen to someone so young. Thats a terrible thing to say! He had suffered terrible injuries. Ill have to staywith hershes in a terrible state. I feel terribleI think Ill go to bed.

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You look terrible, youd better sit down. a terrible meal Your driving is terrible! a terrible mistake to be in terrible pain The room was in a terrible mess. I had a terrible job (= it was very difficult) to persuade her to come. Youll be interrible trouble if youre late again.

Eager Check it at page 31 Mean: Not willing to give or share things, especially money; unkind, for example by not letting sb have or do sth; unkind, for example by not letting sb have or do sth Syn: Stingy, average, poor, cruel Shes always been mean with money. Dont be so mean to your little brother! Thats a mean-looking dog.

Swift: Happening or done quickly and immediately; doing sth quickly; moving very quickly; able to move very quickly Syn: quick, fast swift action a swift decision He rose to his feet in one swift movement. The White House was swift to deny the rumors.

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Word Forms:

VerbLengthen Insult -

NounLength Insult Terribleness Eagerness Meanness Swiftness

AdjectiveLong Insulting Terrible Eager Mean Swift

AdverbInsultingly Terribly Eagerly Meanly Swiftly

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Chapter 14Defiance:

Definitions & Examples:Open refusal to obey sb/sth A look / an act / a gesture of defiance Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban. He is fighting for a second

term and claims the support of other key nations in defiance of the Clinton administration. I had gone against their wishes in a public expression of defiance.Lee saw Anthea

s eyes glittering blackly in the dancing candlelight, her chin drawn up in defiance or outrage. Now that Luke no longer wanted her, he wouldn

tcare about anything she did, so no action of hers constituted defiance. Over time, the AK-47 rose above its use as a weapon to become a symbol of defiance and liberation. She tries to work up a kind of defiance, an attitude. That act of defiance warmed her even now, just thinking of it.

Glow: A dull steady light, especially from a fire that has stopped producing flames The city was just a red glow on the horizon. There was no light except for the occ

asional glow of a cigarette.

Radiant: Showing great happiness, love or health; giving a warm bright light A radiant smile The bride looked radiant. She was radiant with health. The sun was radiant in a clear blue sky.

Agitated:Showing in your behavior that you are anxious and nervous Calm down! Dont get soagitated. Amanda was getting visibly agitated. 49


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Insolent: Extremely rude and showing a lack of respect Syn: disrespectful, rude An inst child / smile An insolent tone of voice Although she didn

t actually say anything offensive, her expression was sulky, insolent, and hostile. Joe was disciplined for being insolent toward the teacher. The band is known for their insolentattitude.

Perceive: To notice or become aware of sth; to understand or think of sb/sth in aar way Syn: see, notice, observe I perceived a change in his behavior. She perceived that all was not well. The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing. This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. She did not perceive herself as disabled. A science degree and artistic interests are often perceived as incompatible. They were widely perceived to have been unlucky.

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Word Forms:

VerbDefy Glow Radiate Agitate Perceive

NounDefiance Glow Radiation Agitation Insolence Perception

AdjectiveDefiant Glowing Radiant Agitated Insolent Perceptive

AdverbDefiantly Glowingly Radiantly Agitatedly Insolently Perceptively

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References

OxfOrd advanced Learner

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dictiOnary LOnGMan dictiOnary Of

cOnteMPOrary enGLish caMbridGe advanced Learners

dictiOnary

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38805537 Discovering Fiction

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