3.8.10

1. T or F – by 1914, Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain.

2. Why were both Britain AND France interested in controlling Egypt?

3. The Suez Canal connected what two bodies of water?

4. What was the result of the Berlin Conference?

5. What three groups clashed in South Africa?6. What were two negative results of indirect

rule?7. Who is the “white man’s burden”

according to Rudyard Kipling?

1. T2. Strategic location, use of Suez Canal

for trade3. Mediterranean and Red Sea4. Africa was divided up into new

European-controlled territories5. Boers, Zulu and British6. Africans secretly had no control, old

elite remained in power, new class and tribal tensions emerged

7. Anyone non-white

Homework – look at the political cartoon on page 477 and answer two accompanying questions. ALSO, know what the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary have to do with imperialism.

I. The Sepoy MutinyBritish hired Indian soldiers (Sepoys) to protect

British interests in India. Events Leading to Revolt 1857, rumors spread that British had greased

rifles with cow and pig fat Cow = sacred to Hindus Pig = sacred to Muslims Indian Sepoy officers were all Hindu and

Muslim

Sepoys refused to use the cartridges, angered British

British arrested and humiliated Sepoys Other Sepoys got mad, went on

rampage and killed 50 white people Rebellion went on for a year, but was

finally suppressed by the British

Effects of Revolt British government took more control.

British control known as Raj. 1876, Queen Victoria took title Empress

of India India = “Jewel in the Crown” of all

British colonies

II. British Colonial RuleBritish officials appointed to rule India =

viceroys. British civil service staff assisted the viceroys. 3,500 hundred British ruled a colony of over 300 million people!

Benefits of British Rule Order and stability Fairly honest and efficient government New schools served the Indian elite (90% of

the Indian population remained illiterate)

Costs of British Rule Economic hardship – British

manufactured goods destroyed local industries

Highly taxed the peasants British forced Indians to grow cotton

instead of food not enough food starvation

Indians were culturally and intellectually degraded by the racist Britons

III. Indian Nationalists Most nationalists were elite and educated At first, preferred reform to revolution 1885 formed Indian National Conference

(INC) – wanted to share in the ruling of India

Muslims and Hindus in INC couldn’t unite – separate Muslim League formed

Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 and led the Indians to independence using non-violence