38 YEARS OF POLLING ON - Gallup...

38 YEARS OF POLLING ON CRIMES, VIOLENCES,

TERRORISM & SOCIAL EVILS

(1980-2018)

PERSONAL OF PAKISTANI PUBLIC

(NOT FOR PUBLIC RELEASE OR PUBLICATION)

January, 2018

Disclaimer: Gallup Pakistan is not related to Gallup Inc. headquartered in Washington D.C. USA. We require that our surveys be credited fully as Gallup Pakistan (not Gallup or Gallup Poll). We disclaim any responsibility for surveys pertaining to Pakistani public opinion except those carried out by Gallup Pakistan, the Pakistani affiliate of Gallup International Association. For details on Gallup International Association see website: www.gallup-international.com

38 Years of Polling on Crimes, Violence, Terrorism and Social Evils

Note: For more details on Methodology please refer to the Methodology Section

[ 3 ]

CAUTION:

THIS IS A PRELIMINARY DRAFT

We are in the process of reviewing, cross-checking and

revising/editing the material presented here. Please feel free to

use the revised version for any research and teaching purpose.

DISCLAIMER The data pertain to 38 years of polling work. We have made much

effort to standardize the samples and question wording wherever

comparisons are made across years. However it still leaves room

for improvement. We will join our readers in bringing greater

refinement in all stages of research as we look ahead to future

work on the same subjects.

LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD

The basic purpose of this Report is to start a meaningful debate on the issue

of Polling Research on Society, Crimes and Violence in Pakistan and identify

avenues of further improvement. We admit that during the last 36 years we

often asked inappropriate questions or did not maintain a time series as we

should have. Moreover, our questions were not always informed by Relevant

Experts knowledge. Hopefully in the future, we will frame more ‘informed

questions’ in a more ‘informed framework’.

While recognizing its limitations, what we have and present here, provides

approximations to Perceptions on a wide variety of Social issues, which may

otherwise be unavailable in a scientific fashion.

We present this to generate a constructive debate between Sociologists,

Anthropologists and related Professionals working on Social Issues and Survey

Researchers. The two can join hands to produce valuable Research and

teaching materials for Concerned Professionals.



[ 4 ]

Table of Contents

PART 1: VIEWS ON CRIMES, VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM

SECTION 1: VIEWS ON CRIMES 6

SECTION 2: VIEWS ON VIOLENCE AND SECURITY 20

SECTION 3: VIEWS ON LAW AND ORDER 28

SECTION 4: VIEWS ON TERRORISM 40

SECTION 5: VIEWS ON SPECIFIC EVENTS OF 50

TERRORISM/CRIMES (Selected)

PART 2: VIEWS ON SOCIAL EVILS

SECTION 1: VIEWS ON CORRUPTION 73

SECTION 2: VIEWS ON ADDICTION 118

METHODOLOGY 126



[ 5 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES, VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM

Section 1: Views on Crimes

Section 2: Views on Violence and Security

Section 3: Views on Law and Order

Section 4: Views on Terrorism

Section 5: Views on specific events of Terrorism/Crimes

(Selected)


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism


[ 6 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES,

VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM

Section 1: Views on Crimes


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 1: Views on Crimes


[ 7 ]

PERCEPTIONS ON CRIMES

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE?

Question: Has anyone of your household experienced any kind of torture /

violence?

Comparative Picture (Only those who say yes to each crime)

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2005, 2010 & 2016

Comparative Data (Percent of Respondents)

2005 2010 2016 Yes No NR Yes No NR Yes No NR

Kidnapping 0% 97% 3% 2% 92% 6% 8% 85% 7%

Military violence 0% 97% 3% 2% 92% 6% 8% 86% 7%

Bomb blast, murder 0% 97% 3% 2% 92% 6% 7% 85% 8%

Child abuse 3% 93% 4% 4% 89% 7% 7% 85% 8%

Robbery/ snatching 1% 94% 5% 6% 87% 7% 8% 84% 9%

Domestic violence 2% 93% 4% 5% 88% 7% 6% 86% 8%

Murder, mayhem 1% 95% 4% 3% 90% 7% 4% 88% 8%

Torture by police 3% 94% 4% 5% 88% 7% 7% 84% 8%

Rape 1% 96% 3% 1% 92% 7% 3% 88% 9%

Firing 2% 95% 3% 5% 89% 6% 8% 83% 9%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2005, 2010 & 2016

0% 0% 0%

3%

1%

2%

1%

3%

1%

2% 2% 2% 2%

4%

6%

5%

3%

5%

1%

5%

8% 8%

7% 7%

8%

6%

4%

7%

3%

8%

2005 2010 2016




[ 8 ]

PERCEPTIONS ON CRIMES


A PICTURE FROM NEARLY 36 YEARS BACK!

Question: In the last one year, God Forbid, have you or another member of

your household experienced any act of theft, robbery or any other crime?

Percent of Respondents

Yes No

Theft/dacoity/cattle lifting 20% 80%

Fraud 12% 88%

Kidnapping 6% 94%

Murder 11% 89%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2016

Comparative Data (Those who say “YES”)


1986 2014 2016

Theft/dacoity/cattle lifting 19% 24% 20%

Fraud 8% 17% 12%

Kidnapping 3% 13% 6%

Murder 5% 13% 11%


Note: Caution should be taken while interpreting comparative data. Please read the note on Comparative Data in

Methodology




[ 9 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

DO PEOPLE INFORM POLICE?

Question: Was the Police informed about this crime? (Only those who have

experienced a crime)

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1995, 2000 & 2016

Comparative Data Percent of Respondents

1995 2000 2016

Yes 47% 56% 62%

No 53% 37% 36%

No Response 0% 7% 3%



Methodology

47%

53% 56%

37%

7%

62%

36%

3%

Yes No No Response

1995 2000 2016




[ 10 ]

VIEWS ON RATE OF CRIMES

Question: Has the rate of theft and disorder increased or decreased or remained

the same over the last year in your area/ neighborhood?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2016

Comparative Data

1999 2009 2010 2011 2012 2016

Increased 30% 26% 38% 36% 35% 14%

Decreased 34% 37% 20% 22% 24% 44%

Same 31% 37% 42% 42% 40% 42%

Dk/NR 5% - - - 1% -

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1999, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2016

Increased 14%

Decreased 44%

Same 42%




[ 11 ]

VIEWS ON RATE OF CRIMES

Question: In your view has the rate of crimes increased, decreased or remained

the same over last few months?


Comparative Data


1980 2009 2016

Increased 24% 64% 37%

Decreased 44% 10% 28%

No Change 22% 23% 33%




Methodology

24%

44%

22%

10%

64%

10%

23%

3%

37%

28% 33%

2%

Increased Decreased No Change No Response

1980 2009 2016




[ 12 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

FEAR OF MISHAP / CRIME

Question: Do you think if a person has to go out on foot late at night in your

area and walk a few meters; is there any chance that he will meet some kind of

untoward incident?

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2016


1991 1992 1995 2002 2003 2009 2010 2011 2012 2015 2016

There is a lot of chance 26% 18% 26% 28% 45% 22% 47% 41% 41% 40% 25%

There is some chance 37% 49% 35% 46% 39% 48% 43% 48% 48% 46% 50%

No Chance 23% 27% 29% 26% 6% 29% 9% 10% 11% 11% 25%

No Response 14% 6% 10% - 10% 1% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2009,

2010, 2011, 2012, 2015 & 2016


Methodology

There is a lot of chance

25%

There is some chance

50%

No Chance 25%




[ 13 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

FEAR OF MISHAP / CRIME

Question: If someone leaves his house alone and locked and goes away for a

few days in your area, what is the chance that an untoward event would occur?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2016

Comparative Data

1991 1992 2002 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016

There is a lot of chance 30% 20% 27% 22% 47% 41% 41% 45% 36% 20%

There is some chance 37% 37% 40% 48% 43% 48% 48% 42% 43% 50%

No chance 17% 17% 29% 29% 9% 10% 11% 13% 15% 30%

DK/NR 16% 26% 4% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1991, 1992, 2002, 2009,

2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 & 2016


Methodology

There is a lot of chance

20%

There is some chance

50%

No Chance 30%




[ 14 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

SHOULD CRIMES BE PUNISHED QUICKLY?

Question: In 1991, the government has passed a law that the courts should not

delay their judgment on certain serious crimes and should decide them within a

month. Some people support this while others oppose and say that justice cannot

be dispensed in a hurry. Do you support or oppose the new law about speedy

judgment?


Support 84%

Oppse 9%

No opinion 7%




[ 15 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

VIEWS ON HOW TO DEAL WITH CRIMINALS?

Question: Some people say that all those people who are spreading evil in the

country should be killed whereas other say that they also have a right to live and

they should be allowed to live and should be reformed. What do you think?


Comparative Data

2007 2016

Should be killed 49% 39%

Should be reformed 41% 50%

Don’t know 10% 11%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2007, 2016

Should be killed 39%

Should be reformed

50%

Don't Know 11%




[ 16 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

HOW PEOPLE RESPOND TO BAD ACTS?

Question: God forbid, if someone does something wrong to you (e-g. violence

or fraud) how will you respond to it?


Comparative Data

1986 2000 2003 2005 2009 2011 2012 2014 2016

Report to the police 43% 31% 41% 35% 48% 57% 51% 46% 57%

Take revenge on my own 20% 31% 31% 32% 22% 18% 25% 25% 24%

Remain Silent 31% 33% 27% 32% 29% 21% 24% 28% 18%

Others 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 1%

DK/NR 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1986, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2011,

2012, 2014 & 2016

Report to Police 57%

Take revenge on my own

24%

Remain silent 18%

Others 1%




[ 17 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

HOW PEOPLE RESPOND TO BAD ACTS?

Question: If you find a person involved in some illegal activity which can be

harmful for the society and country, which of the following things will you do?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1986, 1998, 2000, 2014 & 2016

Comparative Data

1986 1998 2000 2014 2016

Inform Police 40% 38% 45% 45% 25%

Forbid him yourself 40% 30% 29% 30% 32%

Remain Silent 17% 31% 25% 25% 19%

Others 1% 1% 1% 0% 23%

No Response 2% 0% 0% 0% 1%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1986, 1998, 2000, 2014 & 2016

40% 40%

17%

1%

38%

30% 31%

1%

45%

29%

25%

1%

45%

30%

25%

<1%

25%

32%

19%

23%

1%

Inform Police Forbid him yourself Remain Silent Others No Response

1986 1998 2000 2014 2016




[ 18 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

WHO SHOULD ELIMINATE EVILS FROM SOCIETY?

Question: In your opinion who is responsible for eliminating evils from society

i.e. who should come forward to play this role?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2009, 2011, 2012 & 2016

Comparative Data

2009 2011 2012 2016

Individually ourselves 24% 13% 28% 25%

Government 24% 35% 28% 32%

Religious leaders 14% 5% 8% 19%

The society collectively 37% 47% 36% 23%

No Response 1% 0% 0% 1%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2009, 2011, 2012 & 2016

24% 24%

14%

37%

1%

13%

35%

5%

47%

<1%

28% 28%

8%

36%

<1%

25%

32%

19%

23%

1%

Individually ourselves Government Religious leaders The societycollectively

No Response

2009 2011 2012 2016




[ 19 ]

VIEWS ON CRIMES

HOW TO ELIMINATE EVILS FROM SOCIETY?

Question: In your opinion what measures should be taken in order to eliminate

evil from society?


Comparative Data

2009 2011 2012 2016

By force 22% 23% 25% 20%

By lectures, sermons etc 30% 29% 26% 24%

Through media 25% 35% 32% 30%

Through elders 19% 14% 17% 22%

Others 2% 0% 0% 3%


Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2009, 2011, 2012 & 2016

20%

24%

30%

22%

3% 1%

By force By lectures,sermons etc

Throughmedia

Through elders Others No Response




[ 20 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES,


Section 2: Views on Violence and Security


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 2: Views on Violence and Security


[ 21 ]

PERCEPTIONS ON VIOLENCE


Question: Have you experienced any Violence in your area?

Those who say YES 5%

NO 76%

No Response 19%


Question: If you experienced violence, what was its reason?*

Comparative Data

2005 2016

Ignorance 29% 0%

Family Tensions 14% 14%

No control of Police 18% 15%

Religious Extremism 8% 0%

Poverty 7% 1%

Others - 13%

Don’t Know / No Response 31% 59%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2005 & 2016

* Only those who claim to have experienced any form of violence ** Multiple Response Question. Responses might not add to 100%




[ 22 ]

PERCEPTIONS ON SECURITY

DO PEOPLE FEEL INSECURE?

Question: How insecure do you consider yourself with respect to following

aspects of your life?

Comparative Picture (Only those who feel very insecure)


Comparative Data

Only those who feel

very insecure

2005

Only those who feel

very insecure

2009

Only those who feel

very insecure

2016

Regarding Personal Life 8% 24% 18%

Regarding Family 7% 19% 14%

Regarding Employment / Job 16% 20% 12%

Regarding Property 5% 12% 8%



Methodology

8% 7%

16%

5%

24%

19% 20%

12%

18%

14%

12%

8%

Regarding Personal Life Regarding Family Regarding Employment/ Job

Regarding Property

2005 2009 2016




[ 23 ]


DO PEOPLE FEEL SECURE/ SAFE?

Question: Considering the current situation, how safe do you consider yourself

to be?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2009 & 2016

Comparative Data

2009 2016

Very safe 6% 24%

Somewhat safe 32% 45%

Very less 29% 25%

Not safe 32% 5%

No Response 1% 1%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2009 & 2016

6%

32% 29%

32%

1%

24%

45%

25%

5%

1%

Very safe Somewhat safe Very less Not safe No Response

2009 2016




[ 24 ]


DOES POOR SECURITY AFFECT YOUR DAILY LIFE?

Question: Recently, due to rising threats to security how much have your

activities e.g. going to market or eating out etc decreased?


Comparative Data

2009 2016

Decreased a lot 36% 20%

Decreased somewhat 44% 55%

Not Decreased 19% 25%

No Response 1% 0%


Decreased a lot

20%

Decreased somewhat

55%

Not decreased

25%




[ 25 ]

THREATS FACED BY PEOPLE

Question: Please point out any five threats that you have faced?*

Comparative Data

2005 2016

Unemployment 10% 15%

Terrorism 10% 23%

Inflation 7% 11%

Illness 7% 0%

Accidents 6% 0%

Death 5% 0%

Fighting 5% 8%

None 8% 44%

Don’t Know / No Response 45% 22%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2005, 2016

* Multiple Response Question. Responses might not add to 100%




[ 26 ]

PERCEPTIONS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Question: In your view is domestic violence a family’s personal problem or

should media and social organizations be involved it?


Comparative Data

2005 2016

It is family’s own problem 60% 65%

Social Organizations should play a role 30% 35%

No Response 10% 0%


It is a family's own problem

65%

Social organizations should play a

role 35%




[ 27 ]

HELP SEEKING IN CASE OF VIOLENCE

Question: If God forbid, you experience any kind of violence, which institution

will you resort to for help seeking?


Comparative Data

2005 2016

Police 62% 37%

Local Government representative 8% 16%

NGOs 3% 13%

Local justice system (Panchait) 9% 21%

Local leaders 7% 13%

Don’t know/ No Response 11% 0%


Police 37%

Local Justice system

(Panchait) 21%

Local Leaders 13%

Local Government

representatives 16%

NGOs 13%




[ 28 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES,


Section 3: Views on Law and Order


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 3: Views on Law and Order


[ 29 ]

VIEWS ON LAW AND ORDER SITUATION

Question: In your view has the law and order situation improved, deteriorated

or remained the same over the recent times?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2002, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 & 2016

Comparative Data

2002 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2016

Improved 34% 24% 8% 8% 9% 10% 39%

Deteriorated 25% 53% 62% 68% 62% 61% 31%

No change 40% 21% 30% 24% 28% 28% 30%

No response 1% 2% 0% 0% 1% 1% -

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2002, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 & 2016 Note: Caution should be taken while interpreting comparative data. Please read the note on Comparative Data in

Methodology

34%

25%

40%

1%

24%

53%

21%

2%

8%

62%

30%

8%

68%

24%

9%

62%

28%

1%

10%

61%

28%

1%

39%

31% 30%

Improved Deteriorated No change No response

2002 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2016




[ 30 ]


(YEAR 2016) These are views from Year 2016. They might not be relevant today but are

presented as Historical Data on Law and Order problems in the Country

PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT? Question: In your view, how successful has the current Government been to

tackle problem of law and order in the country in the last one year?


Comparative Data

2000 2016

Very successful 10% 33%

A bit successful 46% 54%

Unsuccessful 43% 13%

No Response 1% -


10%

46% 43%

1%

33%

54%

13%

Very successful A bit successful Unsuccessful No Response

2000 2016




[ 31 ]

VIEWS ON ECONOMIC SITUATION



PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT? Question: Suppose that Asif Ali Zardari was the Head of State instead of

Nawaz Sharif, how would be the economic situation in the country?


Better 22%

Worse 56%

No difference 22%

Economic Situation




[ 32 ]




PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT?

Question: Suppose that Asif Ali Zardari was the Head of State instead of

Nawaz Sharif, how would be the law and order situation in the country?


Better 15%

Worse 60%

No difference 25%

Law and Order situation




[ 33 ]


VIEWS ON THE DRIVE AGAINST

UN-LICENSED ARMS (1991) These are views from Year1991. They might not be relevant today but are


SHOULD UN-LICENCED ARMS BE DEPOSITED

TO THE GOVERNMENT?

Question: The government has announced that all unlicensed arms should be

deposited by July, 15, 1991. Those who fail to do so will be strictly punished.

Some people support this policy of the government, others oppose it. Are you in

favor of or oppose the policy of depositing unlicensed arms?


Support 82%

Oppose 13%

No Opinion 5%




[ 34 ]



UN-LICENSED ARMS (1991) These are views from Year 1991. They might not be relevant today but are


WILL PEOPLE RETURN UN-LICENSED ARMS?

Question: In your view, will most of the people return Unlicensed arms or not?


Return 12%

Not Return 76%

No opinion 12%




[ 35 ]





SHOULD PEOPLE WHO FAIL TO RETURN UN-LICENSED ARMS BE PUNISHED?

Question: Some people believe that strict action should be taken against those

who fail to return unlicensed arms. And according to the government policy

their properties should be immediately confiscated. Others say that this level of

strictness is not appropriate. Do you support or oppose immediate

confiscation of properties?


Support 75%

Oppose 19%

No opinion 6%




[ 36 ]






Question: Suppose that sufficient number of unlicensed arms are not deposited

by July 15, should the government extend this date by 2 or 3 weeks or start its

action immediately against those who possess unlicensed arms? Percent of Respondents

Immediate action 57%

Extension 35%

No opinion 8%





[ 37 ]



UN-LICENSED ARMS (1991) These are views from Year 1992. They might not be relevant today but are



Question: Some people believe that no success has been made in collection of

unlicensed arms, during the Army Action. While others think that Army should

not be very strict about collecting unlicensed arms. What is your opinion?


Support Strictness

71%

Oppose Strictness

20%

No Opinion 9%




[ 38 ]





WILL BAN AGAINST UN-LICENSED ARMS IMPROVE LAW AND ORDER SITUATION?

Question: Some people believe that Law and Order can be restored through the

collection of unlicensed arms. Others say that it will have no effect because the

real Thieves and Dacoits will not deposit their arms. In your view, will

collection of unlicensed arms have a favorable effect on the Law and Order

situation?


Favorable effect 56%

Not favorable 35%

No Opinion 9%




[ 39 ]





BAN AGAINST UN-LICENSED ARMS: PERFORMANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT

Question: In 1991, a campaign was launched to collect unlicensed arms.

Apparently, not much success has been achieved. Some people attribute this

failure to the incompetence of Nawaz Sharif’s Government. Others disagree and

believe that this problem is intractable because of the attitude of our people;

what is your opinion?


Incompetence of Nawaz Sharif government 22

People have wrong attitude 26

Police and other officers failed the campaign 22

Problem is not amenable to quick solution 17

No opinion 13





[ 40 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES,


Section 4: Views on Terrorism

Please note these are a few selected

questions on terrorism. More questions can

be found elsewhere.


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 4: Views on Terrorism


[ 41 ]

WILL TERRORISM INCREASE or DECREASE?

Question: In your view, will terrorism increase or decrease in the coming days

in the country?


Comparative Data

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2016

Increase 36% 53% 37% 60% 77% 46% 42% 73% 61% 49% 72% 47% 12%

Decrease 24% 18% 23% 18% 4% 22% 22% 16% 19% 25% 10% 32% 53%

No change 30% 21% 26% 22% 19% 32% 33% 10% 20% 25% 18% 20% 35%

No response 10% 8% 14% 0% 0% 0% 3% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0%

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,

2011, 2013, 2014 & 2016

Increase 12%

Decrease 53%

No Change 35%




[ 42 ]


Question: What are the chances that Pakistan will be free of terrorism in the

future?


Comparative Data

2009 2011 2016

A lot 14% 6% 29%

Somewhat 36% 44% 47%

Not at all 27% 37% 23%

No response 23% 13% 0%


14%

36%

27%

23%

6%

44%

37%

13%

29%

47%

23%

0%

A lot Somewhat Not at all No response

2009 2011 2016




[ 43 ]


Question: In your opinion will terrorism and violence decrease in Year 2017,

increase or remain the same as 2016?


COMAPARATIVE DATA Question: In your opinion will terrorism and violence decrease in Coming

Year, increase or remain the same as previous year?


1997/1998(Urban) 1998/1999(Urban) 2009/2010 2016/2017

Increase 27% 20% 39% 12%

Decrease 26% 31% 15% 61%

No Change 27% 33% 33% 24%

No Response 20% 16% 13% 3%

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1997, 1999, 2010 & 2016


Methodology

12%

61%

24%

3%

Increase Decrease No Change No Response




[ 44 ]

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR TERRORISM? Question: Amongst the past leaders of Pakistan, who do you consider to be

most responsible for terrorism and extremism in the country?

Comparative Data

2009 2016

Pervaiz Musharraf 56% 27%

Zia ul Haq 20% 15%

Nawaz Sharif 7% 9%

Benazir Bhutto 5% 5%

Yahya Kan 3% 6%

Ayub Khan 3% 5%

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 2% 11%

Asif Ali Zardari 0% 20%

No Response 4%% 2%

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2009 & 2016




[ 45 ]

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR TERRORISM? Question: In your opinion who is most responsible for the current terrorist

activities in Pakistan?

Comparative Data

2009 2016

Terrorists themselves 26% 23%

Pakistani Agencies 7% 16%

Indian Agencies 32% 44%

US Agencies 31% 15%

Taliban 1% 0%

Foreign Agencies 1% 0%

Others 1% 2%

DK/NR 1% 0%





[ 46 ]

TERRORISM: RELATIONS WITH US?

Question: In your opinion will the relations between US and Pakistan regarding

terrorism improve or deteriorate in the coming times?


Comparative Data

2009 2011 2016

Better 21% 15% 50%

Worse 35% 59% 50%

Don’t know/ No Response 44% 26% 0%


21%

35%

44%

15%

59%

26%

50% 50%

Better Worse Don’t know/ No Response

2009 2011 2016




[ 47 ]

TERRORISM: PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT?

Question: Some people say that terrorist activities have increased in the last one

year of the current Government. Others say they have decreased. What do you

think about it?


Comparative Data

2009 2016

Decreases 65% 13%

Increases 14% 54%

No Difference 21% 33%


Please note that this is public perception at one random month of 2009 & 2016. Perceptions might be very varied across the year.

65%

14% 21%

13%

54%

33%

Decreases Increases No Difference

2009 2016




[ 48 ]

TERRORISM: PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT

Question: In your opinion, on the whole, how successful has the present

Government been in controlling terrorism in the country?


Comparative Data

2009 2013 2014 2016

A lot 9% 7% 48% 26%

Somewhat 51% 34% 37% 62%

Not at all 40% 59% 15% 12%


9%

51%

40%

7%

34%

59%

48%

37%

15%

26%

62%

12%

A lot Somewhat Not at all

2009 2013 2014 2016




[ 49 ]

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT TERRORISM IN PAST YEARS?

Question: In your view has terrorism increased, decreased or remained the

same over the last few years in the country?


Comparative Data


2000* 2002 2010 2016

Increased 40% 36% 66% 18%

Decreased 15% 30% 13% 50%

Same 31% 34% 20% 32%



* Urban Only Sample.


Methodology

40%

15%

31%

14%

36%

30% 34%

66%

13%

20%

1%

18%

50%

32%

Increased Decreased Same No Response

2000 2002 2010 2016




[ 50 ]

PART 1:

VIEWS ON CRIMES,


Section 5: Views on Certain Events

Of Terrorism/Crime (Selected)

Please note these are only a few selected polls on

some of the incidents of terrorism over last three

decades. For more details see other sources.


Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 5: Views on Specific Events of Terrorism/Crimes


[ 51 ]

INCIDENTS OF TERRORISM (2016)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Question: Some days back, a terrorist attack on Bacha Khan University in

Charsadda left more than 20 people dead including students, teachers and

security officer. Please tell, what do you feel regarding this tragedy?


Extreme grief 84%

Little bit of grief 11%

No emotions 4%

No Response 1%


Question: Please tell, who do you think is most responsible for this incident?


Taliban 44%

Indian agencies 31%

American agencies 15%

Pakistani angencies 6%

Others 1%

DK/NR 3%



Part 1: Views on Crimes, Violence and Terrorism Section 5: Views on Specific Events of Terrorism/Crimes


[ 52 ]

INCIDENTS OF VIOLENCE (2016)

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Question: Some people are of the opinion that overall there has been an

increase in domestic violence on women in Pakistan; others are of the opinion

that there has been a decrease while others are of the opinion that there has been

no difference. What is your opinion on this?


Increase 34%

Decrease 35%

No difference 31%


Question: Some people are of the opinion that along with women, men too are

being a victim of domestic violence while others say that this is not the case.

What is your opinion on this?


Yes 50%

No 49%

DK/NR 1%




[ 53 ]

INCIDENTS OF VIOLENCE (2016)

Women’s Protection Bill

Question: Recently, Punjab Assembly passed the Women’s Protection Bill

for the protection of women against domestic violence, economic exploitation

and cyber-crimes according to which women who have been subject to violence

would not be forced out of their houses and the entire cost will be borne by the

men. Have you heard or read anything about this bill? Percent of Respondents

Yes 44%

No 55%

DK/NR 1%


Question: Please tell what is your opinion on this bill overall? (Those who said

YES)


20%

35%

26%

14%

5%

Very good Good Appropriate Bad Very bad



[ 54 ]

INCIDENTS OF VIOLENCE

(2016)

Women’s Protection Bill

Question: Some people are of the opinion that with this bill, there will be a

decrease in crimes like domestic violence on women whereas others are of the

opinion that there will be no difference on the crimes in fact it will lead to an

increase in them. What is your opinion on this?


Question: Please tell, to what extent is the passing of Women’s Protection Bill

important for the progress of Pakistan and in shaping a better future for it?


Very important 31%

Somewhat important 29%

Somewhat unimportant 21%

Not important at all 18%

DK/NR 1%


20%

48%

31%

1%

There will be anincrease

There will be adecrease

No difference assuch

DK/NR



[ 55 ]

INCIDENTS OF TERRORISM

(2016)

Bomb Blast in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park LAHORE

Question: Recently, there was a bomb blast in Gulshan-e-Iqbal park Lahore

as a result of which a lot of precious lives were lost. Have you heard or read

anything about this?


Question: What emotions did you feel when you heard about this incident?


Extreme grief 76%

Grief 15%

Ambivalent emotions 6%

No grief 2%

Don't Know / No Response 1%


Yes 83%

No 16%

No Response 1%



[ 56 ]


Bomb Blast in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park LAHORE

Question: In your opinion, who is responsible for this attack?


Question: Some people are of the opinion that the attack in Gulashan-e-Iqbal

park is a counter-attack after an Indian service officer from secret Indian

agency “Raw” was arrested in Pakistan. Others however, are of the opinion that

this suicide attack has no connection to the arrest of Indian service officer

belonging to Raw. What is your opinion on this?


Counter attack after arrest of Indian service officer 71%

Has no connection to arrest of Indian officer 27%

Don't Know / No Response 2%


Terrorists 46%

Indian agencies

40%

Pakistani agencies

6%

American agencies

7% Others

1%



[ 57 ]


POLICE TRAINING INSTITUTE LAHORE

Question: In 2009, there was an attack on a Police Training Institute in Lahore

by terrorists. Media has showed that Bait-ullah-Mahsood has taken

responsibility for this incident. In your opinion is Baitullah Mahsood really

responsible for this attack, or is it a false claim or is it that the claim is falsely

attributed to him? Which of these three statements is correct in your opinion?


Bait-ullah-Mahsood is responsible 42%

His claim is false 24%

Claim has been falsely attributed to him 27%

No Response 7%




[ 58 ]


(2009)

PESHAWAR/ BANNU

Question: Recently there were suicide attacks in Peshawar and Bannu which

caused a lot of damage to life and property. In your opinion, is it a reaction to

the clean-up action taken against extremists or other foreign agencies are

involved in this incident?


It is a reaction to the action against extremists 44%

Foreign agencies are involved in it 42%

Don’t Know 12%

No Response 2%




[ 59 ]


(2009)

GHQ RAWALPINDI

Question: Recently Army’s General Head Quarter was attacked in Rawalpindi.

In your opinion, who can be involved in this attack?


India 19%

Taliban 25%

USA 16%

Foreign Agencies 27%

Local Agencies 2%

Political Parties 1%

Don’t Know/ No Response 10%




[ 60 ]


(2009)

PESHAWAR

Question: In 2009, there was another suicide attack in Peshawar which killed a

large number of people. In your opinion who is most responsible for this

incident? Percent of Respondents

Terrorists themselves 34%

Pakistani Agencies 5%

Indian Agencies 30%

US Agencies 26%

Taliban 2%

Others 1%

DK/NR 2%




[ 61 ]


(1998)

MURDER OF HAKEEM SAEED

Question: Recently Hakeem Saeed was killed in a terrorist activity. IN your

opinion, who murdered him? (urban only)


Indian Agencies 14%

Some Pakistani Political Party 45%

Religious Party 3%

Agencies 9%

Don’t Know 29%




[ 62 ]


(1998)

MURDER OF MAULANA ABDULLAH

Question: Recently Maulana Abdullah was killed in a terrorist activity. In your

opinion, who murdered him? (urban only)


Indian Agencies 13%

Some Pakistani Political Party 23%

Religious Party 23%

Agencies 10%

Don’t Know 31%




[ 63 ]


(1999)

ISLAMABAD ATTACKS

Question: Recently there were Rocket blasts in Islamabad. Who do you think

was responsible for it? URBAN ONLY


Afghan Taliban 6%

US 24%

India 19%

Muslim League 13%

Government Agencies 11%

Others 1%

DK/ NR 26%




[ 64 ]


(1991)

MURDERS

Question: Recently, there were serious cases of murders in Lahore and

Sheikhupura. Who, in your view, was responsible for committing these

murders?


Foreign Agents 40%

Government's political opponents 23%

Personal vendetta 6%

No opinion 31%




[ 65 ]


(1987)

BOMB BLASTS

Question: There are frequent bomb blasts in different cities of the country these

days. In your view, who is responsible for these bomb blasts?*


India 15%

Russia 34%

Afghan Government 14%

Afghan refugees 12%

Political opponents of Pakistan Government 8%

Pakistan Government itself 4%

Others 4%

No Response 25%





[ 66 ]


(1987)

BOMB BLASTS

Question: Several proposals/views have been offered to control bomb blasts.

Please tell us which of the following do you agree or disagree with? Percent of Respondents

Afghan policy should be changed

Agree 41%

Disagree 22%

No opinion 37%

Afghan refugees should be removed from the cities

Agree 59%

Disagree 16%

No opinion 25%

Police should be made better (more efficient)

Agree 75%

Disagree 4%

No opinion 21%

Citizens should protect themselves

(take care of their own security)

Agree 63%

Disagree 15%

No opinion 22%




[ 67 ]

SERIAL KILLER OF CHILDREN

(1999)

ARE PEOPLE AWARE?

Question: Have you heard or read about a serial killer who recently killed 100

children? (Urban only)


Yes, 97%

No , 2%

No Response, 1%



[ 68 ]


(1999)

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?

Question: In your opinion who is responsible for these incidents? (Urban only)


Poor performance of Police 51%

Carelessness of neighbors

25%

Murderer himself 21%

No Response 3%



[ 69 ]


(1999)

PERFORMANCE OF POLICE?

Question: (Those who have heard/read of the incident) what is your opinion

about the performance of Police in this case? (Urban only)


Note: Only 27% considered performance of Police to be good or satisfactory in this case

4%

7%

16%

28%

36%

9%

Very Good Good Satisfactory Bad Very Bad No Response



[ 70 ]


(1999)

PERFORMANCE OF POLICE: WILL POLICE CATCH THE REAL CULPRIT?

Question: In your opinion will the Police be successful in getting hold of the

true murderer? (Urban only)


Yes, 19%

No , 58%

No Response, 23%



[ 71 ]


(1999)

PUNISHMENT FOR THE MURDERER?

Question: Recently the serial killer who killed 100 children was arrested. Some

people say that he should be immediately sentenced to death. Others say that a

trial should be run. What is your opinion? (urban only)


Trial, 28%

Immediately hanged, 69%

DK/NR, 3%



[ 72 ]

PART 2:

VIEWS ON SOCIAL EVILS 1- CORRUPTION

2- ADDICTION


Part 2: Views on Social Evils


[ 73 ]

PART 2:

VIEWS ON SOCIAL EVILS

Section 1: CORRUPTION




[ 74 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

GENERAL IDEAS


Part 2: Views on Social Evils Section 1: Views on Corruption


[ 75 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

GENERAL IDEAS: IS THIS A FAIR WORLD?

Question: We will enlist a few statements. Please tell if you agree or disagree to

the following?

Comparative Data

Only Those who agree 1996 2003 2009 2011 2016

Whatever happens in the World is based on

Justice 23% 21% 20% 18% 23%

Mostly Criminals are not proven guilty in

Pakistani Courts 82% 74% 64% 75% 55%

Many people do good works which remain un

recognized and un rewarded 73% 77% 58% 69% 46%

Usually people get what they deserve 32% 33% 25% 28% 28%

Permit/License can only be obtained through

personal contacts/relations 80% 71% 67% 71% 50%

Only Capable people get admission into

Educational Institutions 28% 44% 37% 32% 37%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1996, 2003, 2009, 2011 & 2016

* Multiple Response Question. Responses might not add to 100% Note: Caution should be taken while interpreting comparative data. Please read the note on Comparative Data in

Methodology




[ 76 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:

MAJORITY SAYS CORRUPTION IS VERY HIGH IN THE COUNTRY

Question: An Institution named Transparency International has published its

report in which Pakistan is on 42nd

rank in a list of 180 countries according to

level of corruption. In your view how much is the level of corruption in

Pakistan?


Majority of the people think that corruption is very high in Pakistan.

56%

26%

14%

3% 1%

A lot Somewhat A little No at all DK/NR




[ 77 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:

ANY CHANGE IN RECENT YEARS

Question: In your view, how much has the rate of corruption changed in last 3

years?

Comparative Data

2002 2005 2008 2010 2012 2016

Increased a lot 28% 43% 84% 56% 4% 14%

Increased slightly 20% 22% 48% 17% 4% 24%

No change 32% 14% 14% 15% 18% 31%

Decreased slightly 12% 9% 7% 4% 17% 22%

Decreased to a large extent 5% 2% 2% 2% 55% 7%

Don’t Know 3% 10% 5% 6% 2% 2%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 & 2016


Methodology




[ 78 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

IMPACT ON LIFE

Question: In your view, how much impact corruption and bribery has on

different aspects of our life?


No Impact Some

Impact

Moderate

Impact

A lot of

Impact DK/NR

Daily life 19% 23% 24% 30% 4%

Business life 10% 27% 24% 29% 10%

Political system 14% 23% 21% 32% 10%


Comparative Data

Only those who say NO IMPACT shown here


2002 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2016

Daily life 16% 16% 20% 7% 22% 11% 19%

Business life 9% 7% 4% 2% 15% 6% 10%

Political system 9% 5% 3% 4% 14% 8% 14%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2016


Methodology




[ 79 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

HOW THINGS WORK IN THE WORLD?

Question: If you have to do your legitimate work, which of the following

options would you choose?

Comparative Data


2000 2009 2016

Would go and directly meet the relevant Officer 47% 45% 32%

Would bribe to have your work done 17% 29% 29%

Would try to search for someone who can help you with your work 36% 26% 39%



Methodology As people say that their life is affected by corruption, unfortunately, more people say they would bribe to have their legitimate work done!




[ 80 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

IS IT POSSIBLE TO MEND THINGS?

Question: It is generally believed that many evils in our society e.g. bribery

have increased so much that they cannot be controlled. In your opinion can

they be eliminated or not?


Comparative Data


2000 2009 2010 2011 2016

Can be eliminated 48% 35% 5% 6% 24%

Can be eliminated but it is very difficult 31% 42% 73% 65% 29%

Can’t be eliminated 20% 23% 14% 20% 36%

No Response 1% 0% 8% 9% 11%



Methodology

48%

31%

20%

1%

35%

42%

23%

5%

73%

14% 8% 6%

65%

20%

9%

24% 29%

36%

11%

Can be eliminated Can be eliminated but it isvery difficult

Can’t be eliminated No Response

2000 2009 2010 2011 2016




[ 81 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:

IS THERE ANY HOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT?

Question: In your opinion will the trend of taking bribery increase, decrease or

remain the same in the coming year?


Comparative Data


2009 2016

Decreases 10% 24%

Increases 62% 26%

No Difference 17% 39%

No Response 11% 12%


10%

62%

17% 11%

24% 26%

39%

12%

Decreases Increases No Difference No Response

2009 2016




[ 82 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:

ANY CHANGE EXPECTED?

IS THERE ANY HOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT?

Question: How do you expect the rate of corruption in the country in next 3

years?


2002 2005 2016

Increase a lot 27% 35% 17%

Increase slightly 22% 26% 25%

No change 32% 14% 27%

Decrease slightly 12% 6% 19%

Decrease a lot 4% 3% 6%

Don’t Know 3% 16% 6%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2002, 2005 & 2016


Methodology




[ 83 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

SPECIFIC IDEAS: CORRUPTION IN DEPARTMENTS,

POLITICAL PARTIES, PROVINCES




[ 84 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:

CORRUPTION IN DEPARTMENTS

Question: In your view what is the rate of corruption in the following

departments Rate from 1 to 5 where 1 means no corruption and 5 means a lot of

corruption?


A lot (Point 5)

only

2005

A lot (Point 5)

only

2009

A lot (Point 5)

only

2016

Customs 54% 54% 39%

Education 28% 27% 25%

Law / Judiciary 48% 37% 38%

Hospital / Dispensary 39% 31% 27%

Police 73% 65% 52%

Political parties 52% 48% 36%

Legislative / Parliament 42% 42% 35%

Religious Organizations (Mosques/

Madrassas etc 16% 30% 11%

Registration / Permit Department 43% 48% 32%

Utility / Telephone, Electricity water

department 46% 51% 37%

Tax collection Department 44% 47% 37%

Private sector / Business 32% 35% 26%

Media 26% 30% 22%

Army 24% 30% 14%

NGOs 21% 24% 22%



Methodology

Police, Customs and Utility e.g. Telephone, Water Electricity Department appear at the top

for being most corrupt in view of the Public




[ 85 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:


Question: In your view, which departments receive the most bribery?

Multiple Responses (might not add to 100%)

1979 2016

Police 45% 77%

Mahakma Mal 26% 5%

Wapda 15% 57%

Courts 6% 19%

Income Tax 4% 26%

Custom 4% 27%

Municipal Institute 3% 5%

PWD 4% 16%

T&T 1% 6%

Anti-Corruption 1% 0%

Others 14% 0%





[ 86 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption:


Question: To what extent, has Department of Anti-corruption succeeded in

stopping bribery?


Comparative Data


1979 2016

Succeeded to some extent 7% 25%

Not succeeded 46% 40%

They are involved in bribery 26% 35%

Don't know 21% 0%


7%

46%

26% 21%

25%

40% 35%

Succeeded to someextent

Not succeeded They are involved inbribery

Don't know

1979 2016




[ 87 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption: CORRUPTION IN PROVINCES

Question: In your opinion which province of Pakistan has the greatest

corruption?


Comparative Data

2009 2011 2016

Punjab 29% 24% 29%

Sindh 35% 11% 38%

NWFP 8% 40% 11%

Balochistan 10% 18% 10%

Don’t know 18% 7% 12%


29%

35%

8% 10%

18%

24%

11%

40%

18%

7%

29%

38%

11% 10% 12%

Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Don’t know

2009 2011 2016




[ 88 ]

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

Rate of Corruption: CORRUPTION IN POLITICAL PARTIES

Question: In your view which political party of Pakistan has the greatest

corruption?


Comparative Data

2009 2011 2016

PPP 49% 46% 36%

PML-N 7% 8% 26%

PML-Q 11% 12% 8%

JUI 1% 3% 6%

ANP 6% 2% 3%

MQM 11% 8% 11%

MMA 2% 1% 1%

PTI 1% 1% 6%

Don’t know/ No Response 12% 19% 3%


People consider PPP to be the most corrupt party followed by PML Q and MQM

Please note that this is a simple question and cannot fully depict views about a Political Party

49%

7%

11%

1%

6%

11%

2% 1%

12%

46%

8%

12%

3% 2%

8%

1% 1%

19%

36%

26%

8% 6% 3%

11%

1%

6% 3%

PPP PML-N PML-Q JUI ANP MQM MMA PTI DK/NR

2009 2011 2016




[ 89 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON CORRUPTION

SPECIFIC IDEAS:

CORRUPTION/ BRIBERY

AND PEOPLE’S LIFE




[ 90 ]

VIEWS ON BRIBERY

ANY EXPERIENCE OF BRIBERY?

Question: Have you or anyone of your household given any bribery in the last

one year for any work?


Question: (If yes), what amount was given as a bribery in last one year?

Comparative Data

2005 2016

Below 500 Rs 29% 34%

500 – 2000 Rs 31% 25%

2001 – 3000 Rs 7% 9%

3001 – 6000 Rs 12% 10%

> 6000 Rs 15% 22%

No Response 5% 0%

Refused 1% 0%


17%

73%

10% 12%

80%

8%

25%

75%

Yes No DK/NR

2005 2008 2016




[ 91 ]

VIEWS ON BRIBERY

ANY EXPERIENCE OF BRIBERY?

Question: Has any Officer demanded bribery from you or any member of

your household for your legitimate work over last one year?


Comparative Data (agree to each statement)


2002 2008 2016

Yes 30% 16% 30%

No 66% 84% 70%



30%

66%

4%

16%

84%

30%

70%

Yes No No Response2002 2008 2016




[ 92 ]

VIEWS ON BRIBERY

EXPERIENCE OF BRIBERY: WHY BRIBERY?

Question: Kindly tell me that which of the following statements would you

agree to as the reason for bribery? (Only those who agree to each statement are

shown)

Comparative Data

2005 2016

I was openly asked to pay Bribe 22% 22%

In order to avoid some problem had to pay Bribe to

concerned Authorities 18% 21%

In order to seek the facility which I deserve or is

my right 23% 22%





[ 93 ]

VIEWS ON BRIBERY

EXPERIENCE OF BRIBERY: WHY DO PEOPLE BRIBE?

Question: Why do people usually give bribes? Which of the following is the

main reason for bribery in your opinion?

Comparative Data

2000 2009 2016

Work cannot be done without it 48% 38% 50%

People want their illegal work to be done 10% 27% 23%

People want to get their work done quickly 22% 19% 21%

People have become habitual 18% 15% 6%




Methodology

People think that bribery is given because work is not possible without it and one can do illegal work by bribing someone.




[ 94 ]

VIEWS ON BRIBERY

EXPERIENCE OF BRIBERY: WHY DO OFFICIALS DEMAND BRIBERY?

Question: Why do Government officials take bribery?*


1979 2016

Their pays are meager 39% 16%

To live a luxurious life 31% 20%

Greed 24% 20%

Has become a nature 18% 13%

One who receives bribery is seldom caught 12% 7%

Bribery is readily available 6% 20%

Helpless on account of system of bribery 5% 4%

Others 9% 0%


* Multiple Response Question. Responses might not add to 100%.




[ 95 ]

VIEWS ON DISHONESTY

Question: In the last 5 years has the dishonest behavior of shopkeepers

increased or decreased?

Decreased

57%

Increased

43%


Comparative Data

1999 (Urban only) 2016

Decreases 67% 57%

Increases 33% 43%





[ 96 ]

PART 2:

VIEWS ON SOCIAL EVILS

Section 2: ADDICTION




[ 97 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

ALCHOL USE


Part 2: Views on Social Evils Section 2: Views on Addition


[ 98 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

ALCOHOL USE

Question: Some people say that alcohol use should be strictly forbidden and

punished. Others say that it should be left on individual discretion. What is your

opinion?

Left on personal

discretion

32%

Forbidden and

punishment

63%

Don't Know

5%


Comparative Data

2009 2016

Forbidden and punished 83% 63%

Personal matter 10% 32%

No Response 7 5%





[ 99 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

ALCOHOL USE

Question: In 2009, in Lahore, a pedestrian student was run over by a car and

died. According to media, the driver and his companions were drunk. If he is

proven guilty, how should the driver be punished?


Few months’ imprisonment 14%

Few years’ imprisonment 21%

Life imprisonment 27%

Death sentence 35%

Others/ No Response 3%





[ 100 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTIC USE




[ 101 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: PERCEPTIONS ABOUT ITS BURDEN IN THE COUNTRY

Question: In light of the News coming from around the country, in your

opinion, is the use of Narcotics increasing or decreasing in the country?


Comparative Data


1989 2000 2009 2011 2013 2016

Increasing 46% 59% 61% 61% 62% 49%

Decreasing 16% 16% 14% 8% 14% 26%

No Change 13% 16% 15% 17% 20% 14%

Don’t Know 25% 9% 10% 14% 4% 11%



Methodology

Increasing 49%

Decreasing 26%

No change 14%

Don't Know 11%




[ 102 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: PERCEPTIONS OF ITS ADVERSE EFFECTS

Question: In your opinion, what is the biggest disadvantage of continuous use

of Narcotics?


Comparative Data


1998 2000 2009 2010 2011 2013 2016

Damage to Health 41% 39% 29% 42% 37% 36% 46%

Destruction of family 36% 35% 31% 40% 40% 38% 27%

Induction of Criminal tendency 9% 15% 24% 10% 6% 9% 8%

Economic Loss 13% 6% 12% 4% 14% 16% 12%

No Harm 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2%

Don’t Know 0% 5% 3% 3% 2% 0% 5%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 2000, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 & 2016 Note: Caution should be taken while interpreting comparative data. Please read the note on Comparative Data in

Methodology

27%

46%

8% 12%

2% 5%

Destruction offamily life

Damage tohealth

Inducescriminal

tendency

Economic loss No Harm Don't Know




[ 103 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


Question: Different people have different views about the adverse effects of

Narcotics for our society. I will enlist a few of such opinions. Please tell me

how important or unimportant do you consider the following effects of Narcotic

use? Percent of Respondents

Ver

y i

mp

ort

an

t

Imp

ort

an

t to

som

e ex

ten

d

Neu

tral

Un

imp

ort

an

t to

som

e ex

ten

d

No

t im

po

rta

nt

Use of Narcotics leads to serious health

problems 50% 24% 18% 6% 2%

Use of Narcotics increases crimes 49% 28% 18% 3% 2%

Use of Narcotics causes financial loss and

deviates people from productive work 42% 24% 24% 8% 2%


Comparative Data (Only those who says Important)

1987 2016

Use of Narcotics leads to serious health problems 93% 74%

Use of Narcotics increases crimes 91% 77%

Use of Narcotics causes financial loss and deviates

people from productive work 46% 66%





[ 104 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


Question: Some people say that Narcotic Smuggling is creating law and order

problems in our country. Do you agree or disagree to this statement?


Comparative Data

1987 2016

Agree 71% 72%

Don't agree 17% 14%

No opinion 7% 14%

No response 5% 0%


Agree 72%

Don't agree 14%

No opinion 14%




[ 105 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


Question: In your opinion does smuggling of narcotics give rise to other crimes

or not?


Comparative Data

1987 2016

Yes 77% 80%

No 7% 20%

No response 16% 0%


Yes 80%

No 20%




[ 106 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: REASON FOR ABSTINENCE?

Question: Suppose, if you ever have a chance to use Narcotics and you prefer

not to use them, then what would be the main reason for not using Narcotics?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1989, 2000, 2009, 2011, 2013 & 2016

Comparative Data

1998 2000 2009 2011 2013 2016

Injurious to health 47% 41% 62% 59% 60% 60%

Fear of bad reputation 11% 11% 17% 6% 14% 19%

Forbidden by religion 40% 46% 20% 33% 24% 21%

Others 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0%

DK/NR 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 1989, 2000, 2009, 2011, 2013 & 2016


Methodology Realization of health adverse effects of Narcotics has considerably increased over the years and appears as the top reason which would bar people from using them.

47%

11%

40% 41%

11%

46%

62%

17% 20%

59%

6%

33%

60%

14%

24%

60%

19% 21%

Injurious to health Fear of bad reputation Forbidden by religion

1998 2000 2009 2011 2013 2016




[ 107 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: ACQUAINTANCE WITH ADDICTS?

Question: Do you know of any individuals among your contacts who have ever

been involved in using Narcotics?


Comparative Data


1989 2000 2009 2016

None 66% 62% 66% 72%

Few (1-2) 11% 21% 20% 14%

Some (3-4) 5% 7% 10% 9%

Many (more than 4) 15% 8% 4% 5%


Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey 1989, 2000, 2009 & 2016


Methodology

None 72% Few (1-2)

14%

Some (3-4) 9%

Many (more than 4)

5%




[ 108 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: AGE OF ADDICTS?

Question: In your opinion, is narcotic use more in young age groups, or older

people or does it have no relation with age?

Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2000 & 2016

Comparative Data

2000 2016

Youth 50% 34%

Elderly 12% 24%

No relation with age 38% 42%


50%

12%

38% 34%

24%

42%

Youth Elderly No relation with age

2000 2016




[ 109 ]

VIEWS on Addiction

NARCOTICS: HOW TO TREAT ADDICTS?

Question: In your opinion, what attitude should be adopted towards Addicts?


Comparative Data

2000 2009 2010 2011 2013 2016

Left on their own 8% 14% 9% 10% 14% 25%

Treated 69% 68% 70% 71% 61% 55%

Punished 19% 15% 16% 15% 23% 15%

Don’t Know 4% 3% 5% 4% 2% 5%



Methodology

Should be treated

55%

Should be punished

15%

Left on their own 25%

Don't Know 5%




[ 110 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: HOW TO TREAT ADDICTS?

Question: In your opinion, what is the best measure to reform addicts?

Comparative Data

2000 2009 2011 2013 2016

Involvement of Elders of family 30% 31% 43% 33 24%

Involvement of Religious scholars 21% 31% 23% 32 27%

Involvement of prominent people of the

Neighborhood 21% 21% 32% 32 37%

Anti-Narcotics campaign on Media 22% 17% 0% 0% 12%

Others/ No Response 6% 0% 2% 3% 0%

Source: Gallup & Gilani / National Survey, 2000, 2009, 2011, 2013 & 2016


Methodology




[ 111 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: HOW TO TACKLE THE PROBLEM?

EFFORTS OF GOVERNMENT

Question: Several measures have been suggested to minimize use of narcotics

in Pakistan. I am reading out list of these measures. Please tell me if you agree

or disagree to these measures?

Comparative Data


1987 2016

Agree Disagree NR Agree Disagree NR

People should be informed

about the adverse effects of

Narcotic usage

95% 1% 4% 78% 17% 5%

Opium cultivation should

be eliminated 92% 3% 5% 76% 17% 7%

Special programs should be

initiated to grow alternate

crops (other than opium)

92% 1% 7% 76% 12% 12%

Strict restrictions should be

imposed on smuggling of

narcotics

96% 1% 3% 76% 13% 11%

Regulation and strict

punishment for producers

of opium

95% 1% 4% 80% 12% 8%

Addicts should be punished

seriously 93% 3% 4% 78% 16% 6%

Strict action against those

involved in Narcotic trade

and smuggling

96% 1% 3% 79% 13% 8%

All laws concerning

Narcotics should be made

more strict

95% 0% 5% 79% 15% 6%





[ 112 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: HOWTO STOP DRUG TRAFFICKING?

EFFORTS OF GOVERNMENT

Question: Government is employing different measures to stop illegal

trafficking of narcotics. Do you consider these efforts to be successful or un-

successful, overall?


Comparative Data

1987 2016


Somewhat successful 36% 26%

No difference 14% 24%

Not much successful 0% 15%

Totally failed 26% 13%



18%

26% 24%

15% 13%

4%

VerySuccessful

Somewhatsuccessful

No difference Not muchsuccessful

Totally failed DK/NR




[ 113 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: EFFORTS OF GOVERNMENT

ARE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS SUCCESSFUL?

Question: In your view, as to what extent Government's educational/

reformative programs against narcotics are successful?


Comparative Data

1987 2016


Somewhat successful 37% 24%

No difference 17% 24%

Not much successful 0% 17%

Totally failed 15% 13%



15%

24% 24%

17%

13%

7%

VerySuccessful

Somewhatsuccessful

No Effect Not muchsuccessful

Totally failed DK/NR




[ 114 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: EFFORTS OF GOVERNMENT

SHOULD GOVERNMENT INCREASE its EFFORTS?

Question: In your opinion should the efforts of Government against narcotics

increase or decrease?


Comparative Data

1987 2016

Increased 86% 59%

Doing as needed 5% 31%

Decreased 4% 10%



Increase 59%

Decrease 10%

Doing as needed

31%




[ 115 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

NARCOTICS: HOW TO STOP DRUG TRAFFICKING?

EFFORTS OF GOVERNMENT: STRICT LAWS?

Question: Some people say that Government should make more strict laws

against trafficking of narcotics so that the violators can be imprisoned for long

time. Others say that implementation of these new laws would be difficult and

won’t solve the problem. How much do you favor or disapprove the enactment

of rigid laws against Narcotics?


Comparative Data

1987 2016

Fully support 83% 51%

Somewhat support 6% 27%

Perhaps support 2% 12%

Will not accept 0% 6%

Now could not be said 2% 3%



Fully support 51%

Somewhat support

27%

Perhaps support

12%

Will not accept 6%

Now could not be said

3% DK/NR

1%




[ 116 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


SHOULD WE CO OPERATE WITH NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES?

Question: The problem of narcotics is not restricted to our country. Some

people say that we can solve this problem by mutual co- operation with our

neighboring countries. If we assist our neighboring countries with following

measures, would you agree or disagree to each of the following measures?

Comparative Data


1987 2016

Agree Disagree NR Agree Disagree NR

Exchange of Information between Police about people

involved in Drug trafficking in

different countries

80% 5% 15% 78% 15% 7%

Similar laws to be enacted

against narcotic use in

neighboring countries

70% 12% 18% 73% 17% 10%

Criminals caught smuggling be

handed over to the respective

Governments

66% 19% 15% 75% 13% 12%

Strict Customs regulations and

better vigilance against cross

border trafficking

87% 2% 11% 78% 18% 4%





[ 117 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


SHOULD WE CO OPERATE WITH WESTERN COUNTRIES?

Question: Different groups in different countries are involved in Narcotic

trafficking. In your opinion should our Government cooperate with

Governments of Western countries, e.g. US, Britain, Germany etc to control

narcotic smuggling or should our efforts be restricted to our country only?

Comparative Data


1987 2016

Our Government should extend full co-operation

to the governments of other countries 47% 46%

Should remain prepared to extend co-operation

to governments of other countries 4% 21%

There is no harm in co operation 2% 8%

Government should pay more attention

towards movement of narcotics within the

country

31% 21%

There should be no co-operation with other

countries. 2% 1%

No Response/ Don’t Know 14% 3%





[ 118 ]

SOCIAL EVILS

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

USE OF MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS




[ 119 ]

VIEWS on Addiction

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT DIFFERENT DRUGS

Question: I will enlist a few things that are harmful for health. In your view,

which of these do you consider as the most harmful?



76%

17%

2% 2% 2% 1%

71% 70%

9%

18% 15%

8%

HEROINE ALCOHOL TOBACCO CANABIS MARIJUANA OPIUM

1998 2016




[ 120 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT OPIUM USE

Question: Are you familiar with the use of opium as medicine?


Comparative Data

1987 2016

Yes 24% 34%

No 61% 66%

No Response 15% 0%


Yes 34%

No 66%




[ 121 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT OPIUM USE

Question: Some people use opium as a medicine and sometimes give to

children. Has it ever or has it not been used as a medicine in your household?


Comparative Data

2000 2016

Never used 74% 74%

Was used 10% 20%

Is used 4% 6%

Don’t Know 12% 0%


74%

10% 4%

12%

74%

20%

6%

Never used Was used Is used Don’t Know

2000 2016




[ 122 ]

VIEWS on Addiction


Question: I will name a few things. Kindly tell for each of the following if it is

completely prohibited from religious point of view or it is not prohibited but

considered bad or if it is considered right?

Comparative Picture (Only those who say Prohibited)



2008 2016

Prohibited Bad Good/

Right

No

Response Prohibited Bad

Good/

Right

No

Response

Alcohol 97% 2% - 1% 80% 13% 2% 5%

Cigarette 29% 64% 6% 1% 28% 58% 14% -

Charas 81% 17% 1% 1% 63% 31% 6% -

Opium 81% 17% 1% 1% 68% 28% 3% 1%

Tea 5% 18% 76% 1% 12% 20% 68% -

Bhang 72% 24% 2% 2% 59% 35% 6% -

Ganja 70% 27% 2% 1% 62% 31% 6% 1%

Naswar/ Oral

Tobacco 39% 52% 8% 1% 37% 53% 10% -


97%

29%

81% 81%

5%

72% 70%

39%

80%

28%

63% 68%

12%

59% 62%

37%

Alcohol Cigarette Charas Opium Tea Bhang Ganja Naswar/Oral

Tobacco2008 2016




[ 123 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


IS ADDICTION A PROBLEM?

Question: Some people are of the view that use of drugs (e.g., opium, heroine,

Charas, Bhang, etc.) is exceedingly alarming for our society. While others

maintain that it is not a problem and it is just a matter of way of living and

eating habits of the people. What is your opinion?


Comparative Data


It is a social Problem

80%

Not a social problem

15%

DK/NR 5%

1987 2016

It is a social problem 92% 80%

It is not a social problem 2% 15%





[ 124 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


HAVE PEOPLE HEARD NAMES OF DRUGS?

Question: Now I will name some of the drugs. Please tell me about each

whether you have heard its name or not.

Comparative Data


1987 2016

Heard the

name

Read the

name

No

Response

Heard the

name

Read the

name

No

Response

Opium 95% 4% 1% 87% 12% 1%

Heroine 89% 9% 2% 82% 18% -

Charas 96% 3% 1% 84% 16% -

Bhang 96% 3% 1% 85% 15% -





[ 125 ]

VIEWS ON ADDICTION


IS ADDICTION ON THE RISE?

Question: In your view, whether number of addicts of opium, heroine,

Charas*, Bhang

** and other drugs has increased or decreased in our country

during last one year. (Please tell about each drug separately)


Increased No change Decreased No Opinion

No

Response

Opium 53% 17% 17% 12% 1%

Heroine 56% 18% 17% 9% -

Charas 53% 15% 23% 9% -

Bhang 48% 22% 20% 10% -


Comparative Data (Those who said INCREASED )

1987 2016

Opium 38% 53%

Heroine 64% 56%

Charas 45% 53%

Bhang 28% 48%




[ 126 ]

METHODOLOGY


Methodology


[ 127 ]

METHODOLOGY

The results presented here are from multiple nationwide house hold surveys

carried out by Gallup and Gilani over the last three eight decades (1980-2018)

• SAMPLE PROFILE:

The respondents in these surveys range from 1000-2500 men and women of

age 18 years and above spread across the rural and urban areas of the four

provinces of the country. They represent different age groups, education status

and socio economic profile

Those which are urban only samples have been mentioned.

• INTERVIEWING MODE:

Face to Face, in-house interviews

• SAMPLING METHODOLOGY:

Multi-stage area probability sampling

• SAMPLING TOLERANCE:

Error margin is estimated to be ±2-3% at 95% Confidence level

WEIGHTING:

The data have been weighted to correspond with census distribution of

population for the rural and urban areas of all four provinces.

• SURVEY DATES:

The respective year in which these surveys were carried out has been mentioned

at the bottom of all charts and tables.

• VALUES/ PERCENTAGES:

All values given in this report are percentages unless otherwise specified. NOTE ON COMPARATIVE SECTIONS:

Caution should be taken in interpreting results in comparative sections of the

report. The purpose of having comparative data is to show a broad trend in


Methodology


[ 128 ]

timeline rather than providing a statistical difference in opinions. This caution is

based on following major considerations:

• The exact question wordings may vary across the years where comparison

is drawn

• The methodology and sample size may vary

• The timeline is not uniform, we have provided data at two or more points

in time as available.

DISCLAIMER

This report is for Public Debate and not for strict policy measures or decisions.

Gallup and Gilani does not take any responsibility for any loss or profit arising

out of Public or Private use of this report or its findings.

PROPREITORY INFORMATION

The Data quoted and used in this report is the property of Gallup & Gilani

Pakistan.


Methodology


[ 129 ]

REPRESENTS Statistical Cross-section: Gender, Age, Income, Education, Region & Language Universe: ~45,000 villages; 60,000 Urban Census Blocks

15 %

5 %

55 %

25 %

Rawalpindi Division

Sargodha Division

Faisalabad Division

Gujranwala Division

Lahore Division

Multan Division

DG Khan Division

Bahawalpur Division

Karachi Division

Mirpur Khas Division

Hyderabad Division

Sukkur Division

Larkana Division

Malakand Division

Bannu, DIKhan, Kohat Division

Hazara Division

Peshawar and Mardan Division

Quetta, Zhob Division

Kalat, Nasirabad, Sibi Division

Makran Division

Gallup & Gilani

Pakistan

OPINION

POLLING in Pakistan

Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa/

Disclaimer: Gallup Pakistan is not related to Gallup Inc. headquartered in Washington D.C. USA. We require that our surveys be credited fully as Gallup Pakistan (not Gallup or Gallup Poll). We disclaim any responsibility for surveys pertaining to Pakistani public opinion except those carried out by Gallup Pakistan, the Pakistani affiliate of Gallup International Association. For details on Gallup International Association see website: www.gallup-international.com

Islamabad: +92 51 2655630 Lahore: +92 42 35842419 Karachi: +92 21 4537569

Email: [email protected] Web : www.gallup.com.pk

www.gallup-international.com

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