375 cc3 a_lindabeebe

SSP Annual June 3, 2010

Unintended ConsequencesGood Intentions, Unfortunate Results

Linda BeebeAmerican Psychological Association

Bruce RosenblumInera


How We Get Led Astray. . .

• It’s electronic—ergo, it’s easily findable

• It looks fine in print—why not in electronic?

• Print rules are

just an artifact

• No standards


But It’s Not That Easy. . .

• Users move too fast.

• The DOI is not found.

• Some users are browsers, not searchers.

• Article is not clearly visible in the A&I. service they use—or the record appears too late.

• Article doesn’t come up in

federated searches.


Disappearing MetadataVolumes

Page NumbersIssues

Full Author Lists

Article Titles

Tables of Contents

Complete Dates


Individualistic creativity works . . .

. . .in an isolated sandbox.


It falls apart in the whole playground.


In a Networked World, Idiosyncratic Doesn’t Work

• DOI Linking• PubMed Feeds• Electronic Feeds

for A&I Services• Google Crawls• Web Discovery

Indexes• Federated Search

Engines


Keys to Success

• Easy discoverability

• Speedy access

• Clear connection to the journal

• Any barriers will divert the user to another source. There is just too much for them to read.


Recognition Is Half The Battle. . .

• Will show you some failed experiments.

• Run through the NFAIS Best Practices recommendations to show you some cures.

• Offer practical suggestions

for improving findability.

• Point out some new

issues we’ve seen.


Experimentation & Stormy Weather

• In 2007 realized seeing journal articles very difficult to cover in PsycINFO.

• Scrambling to add new fields, but hard to keep up with inventiveness.

• Meeting in November 2007 50+ people.

• Consensus best

practices needed.

• Started with electronic

first, moved to all articles.


NFAIS Best PracticesFor Publishing Journal Articles

• 2008 working group of people from 11 companies plus NFAIS Staff.

• Deconstructed the journal article and developed best practices in 11 areas.

• Excellent article in NISO Information Standards Quarterly Summer 2009. www.niso.org/publications/isq/2009/

• http://www.nfais.org/page/35-best-practices for full document.

http://www.niso.org/publications/isq/2009/

http://www.nfais.org/page/35-best-practices

http://www.nfais.org/page/35-best-practices


11 Best Practices

• Affirmation of the Journal

• Article Retrieval• Version Management• Supplemental

Materials• Content Creator• Indication of Length

• Article Identifiers• Citation Elements

and Display of Recommended Citation

• Tables of Contents• Journal Editor• Copyright Statement


Journal Titles: The Problems

• ISSN conflicts

• Unexpected name aliases

• Cute names

• Confusing names

• Unreadable references


New Title, Same ISSN

• 1977 – 1992• International Journal of Obesity (ISSN

0307-0565)

• 1992 – 2002• International Journal of Obesity and

Related Metabolic Disorders (ISSN 0307-0565)

• 2005 – present• International Journal of Obesity (ISSN

0307-0565)


What’s Your Alias?

• Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour (1369-8478)• Matches on CrossRef

• Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

• Transp. Res., Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav

• Fails to link on CrossRef• Transportation Research F• Transportation Research Part F

• Subtitles are especially troublesome• Similar name issues confound

OpenURL link servers


Isn’t That Title Cute?

• International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics (ISSN 0360-3016)

• Or worse: International Journal of Radiation Oncology●Biology●Physics


And What About This Title?

• Management - Centre de recherche DMSP (ISSN 1286-4692)


Excuse Me: What’s Your Name?

• Consider this reference:• Benson V, Marano MA. Current estimates

from the National Health Interview Survey, 1992. Vital Health Stat 10 1994 Jan;(189):1-269

• The copy editing is correct

• Quick… What is “10”?


Excuse Me: What’s Your Name? (2)

• Consider this reference• Levi, P. Cinema by Other Means.

October. Winter 2010, No. 131: 51–68

• The copy editing is correct

• Quick… What is the journal name?


Journal Titles for Reconsideration

Title ISSN

January Magazine 1493-2334

March 0702-5149

April 0282-4205

May 2103-7051

June 12 1117-6814

August 1102-7932

October 0162-2870

Spring 0362-0522

Summer 1513-3672


Protect Your Journal

• Assure that each article is clearly identified with the journal.

• Keep the metadata consistent—use exactly the same title wording always.

• Provide formal notification of title changes and maintain a title history.

• Register a unique ISSN for each title. Follow recommendations from the ISSN Centre.

• Insist that repositories include a link to your authoritative version of each article.


Journal Titles: The Solutions

• Put that title history on the open web.

• Register a unique ISSN for each title.

• Follow recommendations from the ISSN Centre.

• The ISSN International Centre issued tables for the ISSN-L or ISSN-Linking in September 2008.


Journal Titles: More Solutions

• Do all the A&Is that cover the journal have the correct title and publisher?

• Do you know which A&Is cover your journal?

• The repute of author’s work depends on the quality of the peer review—so they have a stake in your branding.

• Consider registering a DOI for each journal title.


Article Retrieval: The Problems

• Maintaining persistent links to content

• Malformed DOIs

• Poor Quality Metadata• Incomplete metadata• Incorrect metadata• Circumventing the matching system


But I Like Obscure DOIs. . .

• Bad DOI Characters• doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-

0142(19970215)79:4<835::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-#

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4%3C835::AID-CNCR21%3E3.0.CO;2-%23

• Mis-coding URLs causes failures.


I Know How to Fool The Parser. . .

• From a CrossRef deposit:• <title><![CDATA[Optical single sideband

Modulation of 11-GHz RoF system using stimulated Brillouin scattering]]></title>

• Was implemented to allow TeX fragments in titles.

• CDATA makes use of metadata dangerous or impossible for other organizations.


I Can Outsmart the Link Engine. . .• Don’t try to out-smart the link engine

• All hyphenated surnames from 10.1016 lack hyphens

• E.g. 10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.015• Author name “Claudia Quaiser-Pohl”• Deposited as

<person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>C</given_name><surname>QUAISERPOHL</surname></person_name>

• If correctly deposited metadata doesn’t link, contact the linker, but don’t work around them.

• This approach will cause some queries to fail.


Solution: Simplify DOIs

• Allowed DOI suffix characters• "a-z", "A-Z", "0-9" or "-._;()/" • Published to CrossRef TWG list, July 2,

2008.• Compliance required, January 2009.

• Consider shorter DOIs• In case authors try to retype them (they

do!).• Avoids hyphenation problems in reference

lists.


Don’t skimp on metadata

• Required for linking• First author, journal title, year, volume, first page

• Better for linking• Common journal title aliases• All authors• Article title• Issue number

• For extended uses• Organizational authors• Translated title• Last Page


Follow The Schema Intent

• Please read and follow the schema documentation.

• When in doubt, query CrossRef • Or other service to which you send

e-feeds.

• Otherwise, you may see unfortunate results.


Version Management: The Problems

• Publication date

• Retractions


What Year Was It Published?

• Three years ago we saw this reference:• Marmor MF, Zrenner E. Standard for

clinical electroretinography (1999 update): International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. Doc Ophthalmol. 1998-1999;97:143-156

• What prompted the year range?• <MedlineDate>1998-1999</MedlineDate>• Download of PubMed data to citation

manager


Publisher Inconsistency Problems


The Authors Celebrated for a Week

• Two years ago we saw this reference:• Ullrich A, Coussens L, Hayflick JS, Dull TJ, Gray

A, Tam AW, Lee J, Yarden Y, Libermann TA, Schlessinger J, et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature 1984 May 31-Jun 6; 309:418-25

• What prompted the date range?• <MedlineDate>1984 May 31-Jun 6</MedlineDate>• Download of PubMed data to citation manager


Cover Date Consequences

• “It is our policy to cite the date published on the cover of the journal issue in which an article appears. I have the hardcopy of Nature, volume 309, issue 5967 in hand; the published cover date shows May 31-Jun 6 1984.”

Fran Spina (NLM)

• “Nature's policy has always ever since its first issue in 1869 been that the article is published on that one day, ie the 1201 hrs on the Thursday of the week of publication.”

Maxine Clarke (Nature)


Make publication date clear

• Publish on only one day.

• State clearly the date of record.

• Beware of newsstand cover dates.

• Beware year-end straddles:• Online publication in December 2009• Print publication in January 2010.


Retractions and Invisibility Cloaks

• “Question: Have you ever had an editor that decides that even though an article is online ahead of print he/she does not want to compile it in an issue, ever? And better still, he/she wants the paper removed from the Internet all together and hopes the world with think it was never published with the journal.”

Query to CrossRef Technical Working Group, 24 October 2008

• One Answer: “Unless there are legal reasons (court order), you probably should not completely remove the paper. Librarians (and others) frown on this very much, especially if the paper has been out there for five months.”

Reply to CrossRef Technical Working Group, 24 October 2008


Issue retractions correctly

• NFAIS Report• Issue a prominent notice.• If possible, watermark the pages.• If article is removed, some notice should

be left—leave a tombstone.

• Bruce’s additional recommendations• Electronic publication does not mean

ephemeral.• Bits are harder to burn than paper.


Electronic is permanent

• From a recent contract:“Customer hereby consents to allow Service

Provider to include the work product in Service Provider's normal backup processes, and understands that this may produce non-erasable copies of the work.”

• Remember• Consider any electronic document to be a

permanent record.


How long is that paper??

Paper Length: The Problem


It’s Four Pages


No, It’s Seven Pages


Page Problems

• How to cite the full vs. abbreviated PDF?• Specifying version?• Referring to pages?


Another Variation

• Published article• Title page—no pagination• Abstract page—no pagination• Third page of article—text and pagination

begin.

• How many pages is the article?


What Will Replace Page Numbers?

Page Numbers in Print

• They helped locate a unique article.

• They gave some context.

• They provided immediate access to a direct quotation.

• They indicated length.

Changes with Digital Versions

• DOIs link to a specific articlebut provide no info on context or length.

• Article IDs can provide locationand maybe contextbut don’t help with length.


Indicate Article Length

• Include pages or page ranges if articles paginated sequentially.

• Include total number of pages if not paginated sequentially.

• No page info? Provide total number of words and number of graphic elements.

• For audio or video, indicate length of play time.


Article Identifiers: The Problems

• Is it a page or an article ID?

• Is it a page, or is it something else?

• Should it have a range?


Article IDs Numbered 1 to n

• Consider this reference:• Foulds J, Furberg H. Is low-nicotine

Marlboro snus really snus? Harm Reduct J. 2008;5:9

• What is “9”?• Issue number, page number, or article ID?

• Fails to link on CrossRef if misidentified.• May match PubMed; depends on lookup

method.


Ambiguous Article IDs

• Now consider this reference:• Small D. Amazing grace: Vancouver’s

supervised injection facility granted six-month lease on life. Harm Reduct J. 2008;5:3

• If “3” tagged as “issue”, fails all link lookups• Ambiguous result for:

Harm Reduct J|Small D|2008|5• Small D, Drucker E. Return to Galileo? The

Inquisition of the International Narcotic Control Board. Harm Reduct J. 2008;5:16


“Unusual” Citation Styles• Article IDs turned into page ranges:

• Puglisi, S. J., Smyth, W. F., and Turpin, A. H. 2007. A taxonomy of suffix array construction algorithms. ACM Comput. Surv. 39, 2, pp. 4:1--4:31 (June 2007)

• Yoichi Kizaki, Yuji Noguchi, and Masaru Miyayama, "Defect control for low leakage current in K0.5Na0.5NbO3 single crystals," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 89, 142910-1-142910-3, October 2006

“this way lies madness"

Comment to CrossRef Technical Working Group, 10 September 2007


Article Identifiers: Best Practice• What do 15:10 or 15:25 mean to a reader?• Article IDs are page number surrogates, but

easily confused with other identifiers.• To be unambiguous, they must—

• Contain at least 6 digits• Contain no punctuation• Not be surrounded by parentheses.

• They can be machine-generated or constructed with meaning.


The Problem: Missing Elements

• Last Page Omission

• Title Omission


What’s the Page?

• Consider this reference:• D. Jiao, et al., Chem. Commun. 2010, 2007

• Quick… what’s the page number?

• How about now?• D. Jiao, et al., Chem. Commun. 2010, 2007 • D. Jiao, et al., Chem. Commun. 2007 (2010)

• How many pages is it?

• How is this helpful to readers?


What’s The Article About?

• Some disciplines exclude article title.• Physics, Chemistry

• So when the reader sees:• X. Wang, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3264

(1998).

• How do they even know what the article is about?


Which Article Do They Mean?• Consider these references:

• X. Wang, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3255 (1998) doi:10.1063/1.121615

• X. Wang, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3264 (1998) doi:10.1063/1.121618

• What if page mis-typed as “3265”:• X. Wang, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 3265

(1998)

• CrossRef gives us 15 DOIs:10.1063/1.121618 10.1063/1.12122510.1063/1.121331 10.1063/1.12139610.1063/1.120857 10.1063/1.12075310.1063/1.121615 10.1063/1.12149310.1063/1.121500 10.1063/1.12094210.1063/1.121016 10.1063/1.12065710.1063/1.120619 10.1063/1.12066010.1063/1.120604


What Are They Really Citing?• From a manuscript submitted to the Canadian Journal of

Chemistry, Reference 66. (a) Thomas, B.; Wang, Y.; Stein, R. L. Biochemistry 2001, 40, 15811; (b) Asbóth, B.; Polgár, L. Biochemistry 1983, 22, 117; (c)

Tonge, P. J.; Carey, P. R. Biochemistry 1990, 29, 10723; (d) Daggett, V.; Schröder, S.; Kollman, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8926; (e) Tonge, P. J.; Carey, P. R. Biochemistry 1992, 31, 9122; (f) Whiting, A. K.; Peticolas, W. L. Biochemistry 1994, 33, 552; (g) Chang, T. K.; Chiang, Y.; Guo, H.-X.; Kresge, A. J.; Mathew, L.; Powell, M. F.; Wells, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 8802; (h) Curley, K.; Pratt, R. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1529; (i) Wladkowski, B. D.; Chenoweth, S. A.; Sanders, J. N.; Krauss, M.; Stevens, W. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6423; (j) O’Connell, T. P.; Day, R. M.; Torchilin, E. V.; Bachovchin, W. W.; Malthouse. J. P. G. Biochem. J. 1997, 326, 861; (k) Ordentlich, A.; Barak, D.; Kronman, C.; Ariel, N.; Segall, Y.; Velan, B.; Shafferman, A. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 19509; (l) Hu, C.-H.; Brinck, T.; Hult, K. Int. J. Quant. Chem. 1998, 69, 89; (m) Maveyraud, L.; Pratt, R. F.; Samama, J.-P. Biochemistry 1998, 37, 2622; (n) Presnell, S. R.; Patil, G. S.; Mura, C.; Jude, K. M.; Conley, J. M.; Bertrand, J. A.; Kam, C.-M.; Powers, J. C.; Williams, L. D. Biochemistry 1998, 37, 17068; (o) Chittock, R. S.; Ward, S.; Wilkinson, A.-S.; Caspers, P.; Mensch, B.; Page, M. G. P.; Wharton, C. W. Biochem. J. 1999, 338, 153; (p) Hokenson, M. J.; Cope, G. A.; Lewis, E. R.; Oberg, K. A.; Fink, A. L. Biochemistry 2000, 39, 6538; (q) Shokhen, M.; Albeck, A. Proteins Structure Function and Genetics 2000, 40, 154; (r) Chen, C. C. H.; Herzberg, O. Biochemistry 2001, 40, 2351; (s) Kusula, P.; Ojala, J.; Lambeir, A.-M.; Wierenga, R. K. Biochemistry 2002, 41, 15543; (t) Zhang, Y.; Kua, J.; McCammon, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10572; (u) Topf, M.; Várnai, P.; Richards, W. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14780; (v) Ishida, T.; Kato, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12035; (w) Nemukhin, A. V.; Topol, I. A.; Burt, S. K. Int. J. Quant. Chem. 2002, 88, 34; (x) Shimamura, T.; Ibuka, A.; Fushinobu, S.; Wakagi, T.; Ishiguro, M.; Ishii, Y.; Matsuzawa, H. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 46601; (y) Zhang, Y.; Kua, J.; McCammon, J. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 4459; (z) Fujii, Y.; Okimoto, N.; Hata, M.; Narumi, T.; Yasuoka, K.; Susukita, R.; Suenaga, A.; Futatsugi, N.; Koishi, T.; Furusawa, H.; Kawai, A.; Ebisuzaki, T.; Neya, S.; Hoshino, T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10274; (aa) Silvaggi, N. R.; Anderson, J. W.; Brinsmade, S. R.; Pratt, R. F.; Kelly, J. A. Biochemistry 2003, 42, 1199; (ab) Fisher, J.; Belasco, J. G.; Khosla, S.; Knowles, J. R. Biochemistry 1980, 19, 2895; (ac) Christensen, H.; Martin, M. T.; Waley, S. G. Biochem. J. 1990, 266, 853; (ad) Page, M. I.; Vilanova, B.; Layland, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12092; (ae) Brown, R. P. A.; Aplin, R. T.; Schofield, C. J. Biochemistry 1996, 35, 12421; (af) Coll, M.; Frau, J.; Vilanova, B.; Donoso, J.; Muñoz, F.; Blanco, F. G. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 8879; (ag) Coll, M.; Frau, J.; Vilanova, B.; Donoso, J.; Muñoz, F.; Blanco, F. G. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 11389; (ah) Diaz, N.; Suárez, D.; Sordo, T. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6710; (ai) Fujii, Y.; Hata, M.; Hoshino, T.; Tsuda, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 9687; (aj) Fonzé, E.; Vanhove, M.; Dive, G.; Sauvage, E.; Frère, J.-M.; Charlier, P. Biochemistry 2002, 41, 1877; (ak) Silvaggi, N. R.; Anderson, J. W.; Brinsmade, S. R.; Pratt, R. F.; Kelly, J. A. Biochemistry 2003, 42, 1199; (al) Page, M. I.; Laws, A. P. Chem. Comm. 1998, 1609; (am) Morris, J. J.; Page, M. I. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 1980, 212; (an) Damblon, C.; Raquet, X.; Lian, L.-Y.; Lamotte-Brasseur, J.; Fonze, E.; Charlier, P.; Roberts, G. C. K.; Frère, J.-M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93, 1747; (ao) Lietz, E. J.; Truher, H.; Kahn, D.; Hokenson, M. J.; Fink, A. L. Biochemistry 2000, 39, 4971; (ap) Alvarez-Idaboy, J. R.; González-Jonte, R.; Hernández-Laguna, A.; Smeyers, Y. G. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 2000, 504, 13; (aq) Nukaga, M.; Mayama, K.; Hujer, A. M.; Bonomo, R. A.; Knox, J. R. J. Mol. Biol. 2003, 328, 289; (ar) Ishiguro, M.; Imajo, S. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2207; (as) Díaz, N.; Suárez, D.; Sordo, T. L.; Merz, K. M., Jr. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 11302; (at) Gibson, R. M.; Christensen, H.; Waley, S. G. Biochem. J. 1990, 272, 613; (au) Lamotte-Brasseur, J.; Dive, G.; Dideberg, O.; Carlier, P.; Frère, J.-M. Biochem. J. 1991, 279, 213; (av) Massova, I.; Kollman, P. A. J. Comp. Chem. 2002, 23, 1559; (aw) Strynadka, N. C. J.; Martin, R.; Jensen, S. E.; Gold, M.; Jones, J. B. Nat. Struc. Biol. 1996, 3, 688; (ax) Hata, M.; Fujii, Y.; Ishii, M.; Hoshino, T.; Tsuda, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2000, 48, 447.


Include essential elements• Authors• Article Title (aids reader and linking)• Journal Title• Publication Date• Volume (if journal published in volumes)• Issue (if the journal publishes in issues)• Pagination or article identifier (to indicate

location)• Alternative indication of length (if pagination

not available)• DOI


Display recommended citation

• Include the full recommended citation on the DOI landing page.

• Place the recommended citation close to the beginning of the article in• Print• PDF• HTML.


Supplemental Material: The Problems

• It’s just messy!• No clear consensus on what constitutes

supplemental material• To peer review or not to peer review• Missing journal article connections• Poorly identified materials—just what is the

context for this table or figure?• No recommended citation• Lack of descriptive metadata


New NFAIS/NISO Project• Meeting earlier in 2010: consensus that

recommended practices needed

• Two working groups:• Business Working Group• Technical Working Group

• Stakeholders Group to Review

• Progress to be posted on NISO website: www.niso.org

• Stay Tuned!

http://www.niso.org/


The Disappearing Editor• In the print journal, the editor is clearly visible

in each issue• But not in the electronic journal!• Often online journals are like databases of

articles

• And the editor

disappears


Publicize your editors

• Editors have significant influence on changes in policy and emphasis in any journal.

• Researchers tracing a field of study need to know who the editor was in any period.

• Maintain a table of editors on the open web.• Include names and tenures, perhaps

academic appointments in that time.• Provide links to the table.• And archive your lists of editorial boards.


Some additional advice…

• Use rational and unambiguous numbers.

• Check on how you’re indexed.• Indexers make mistakes.• Test: Can you find your content on services

your readers use?

• Proof your metadata carefully before publication.• You may find unfortunate results.


Ambiguous Numbers Seen

• Arbitrary volume numbers: Biochim Biophys Acta

• Volume 1: 1947• Volume 54: 1961• Volume 500: 1977• Volume 1000: 1989• Volume 1786: 2008

• Consider this possible reference in a few years:• Tanel A, Averill-Bates DA. The aldehyde acrolein

induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014;2015:255-267


Pass the Decoder Ring, Please

• http://www.ohsu.edu/library/ejournals/bba2revised.shtml


Volume != Year

• Consider this reference:• Lefley, H. P. (1987). The family's response to

mental illness in a relative. New Directions in Mental Health Services, 1987(34), 3–21

• Year and volume are not the same thing


Indexers Make Mistakes

• Published vs. indexed title and group author


Metadata Not Proofed Carefully

• What’s wrong with this title?• Risk Strataification of Brugada Syndrome

Revisited

• Unfortunate result – PubMed’s entry:


Some Closing Thoughts• Round 1 of electronic publication

experimentation is over • Some successes/some failures

• Print is dead. Long live print!• Can’t discard 500 years of print-based metaphors.• Even online-only must retain some vestiges of

print practices.

• Essential to find electronic content reliably• Follow best practices.• Ensure metadata accuracy.


Thank you!Linda Beebe

Senior Director, PsycINFO

American Psychological Association

750 First Street, NE

Washington, DC 20002

[email protected]

Bruce Rosenblum

CEO

Inera Incorporated

19 Flett Road

Belmont, MA 02478

[email protected]

We wish you success andno unintended consequences!

375 cc3 a_lindabeebe

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