INTRODUTION TO COMPUTER

C COMMANLY O OPERATED M MACHINE P PORPOSLY USED FOR T TRAINING E EDUCATION & R RESEARCH

PART’S OF THE COMPUTER’S

Printer (Output)

Monitor (Output)

Speaker (Output)

Central Processing

UnitC.P.U.

(Processor, Memory…)

Storage devices :

(CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…)

Mouse (Input)

Keyboard (Input)

Scanner (Input)

Accessories :

(Web cam, Camera, Head phone,…)

DEFINATION

ANY SYSTEM DEFINED AS A GROUP OF INTEGRATED PARTS WHICH ARE DESING TO ACHIEVE A COMMON

OBJECTIVE

A COMPUTER IS MADE UP OF INTEGRATED ELEMENTS LIKE C.P.U., INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES AND STORAGE DEVICES. EACH OF THIS UNIT PERFORM A SPECIFIC

TASK. THEY ARE LOGICALLY RELATED AND CONTROLLED TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC GOAL. WHEN

THEY ARE INTEGRATED, THEY PERFORM A FULL FLEDGE COMPUTER SYSTEM.

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

YEAR NAME OF INVENTOR

NATIONALITY DEVICE / MACHINE

1. 5000 B.C

ABACUS CHINESE ABACUS

2. 1642 BLAISE PASCAL FRENCH MECHANICAL, CALCULATING & MACHINE.

3. 1830 CHARLES

BABBAGE

ENGLISH MATHEMATICIAN

(U.S.)

MECHANICAL, DIGITAL COMPUTER, ANALYITICAL ENGINE.

CHARACTERISTICSS.A.V.E.S.

1. S Speed

2. A Accuracy

3. V Versality

4. E Efficiency

5. S Storage (primary & secondary)

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

HARDWARE is component which we can see and touch. It is a physical component is known as HARDWARE.

E.g.: Monitor, Mouse etc.

SOFTWARE is a programmed which can not be touched but can be seen is known as SOFTWARE.

E.g.: A Windows , M.S. office etc.

ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTER

GENRATION OF COMPUTER

GENRATON ELETRONIC COMPANENT

ADVANTAGE DIS -ADVANTAGE

COMMENTS

1. 1940-1952 VACCUME TUBES.

ONLY VACCUME TUBES ARE AVAILABLE.

LARGE SIZE,HEAT, A/C,

UNRELIABLE, HIGH MAINTANCE.

MANUAL ASSEMBLY, INDS. COMPONANT INTO A UNIT.

2. 1952-1964 TRANSISTORS. SMALL SIZE,

LESS HEAT, RELIABLE FASTER.

A/C, HIGH MAINTANCE.

AS ABOVE

GENRATON ELETRONIC COMPANENT

ADVANTAGE DIS –ADVANTAGE

COMMENTS

3. 1964-1971 LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.

PROBLEMS WITH MANUFACTURER.

LESS HUMAN LABOUR AT ASSEMBLY STAGE

SMALLER SIZE, LOWER HEAT, LESS POWER REQUIRED, MORE RELIABLE, FASTER.

4. 1971 -1990 VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.

NO A/C REQUIRED, MINIMUM MAINTAINANCE, CHEAPEST.

AS ABOVE

5. (RISK GENERATION)

MICRO PROCESSOR, HIGER STORAGE CAPACITY, MULTI MEDIA.

HIGH SPEED, NO A/C REQUIRED,

CHEAPEST.

AS ABOVE

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER 1. ANALOG COMPUTER

2. DIGITAL COMPUTER

3. HYBRID COMPUTERS

4. SMALL COMPUTER (PC)

5. NOTE BOOKS / LAPTOP COMPUTERS

6. PALMTOP / HAND HELD COMPUTERS

7. MINI COMPUTERS

8. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

9. SUPER COMPUTERS

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS

MAJOR USE OF COMPUTERS 1. SCIENTIFIC, ENGGINEERING AND RESEARCH2. BUSINESS 3. MEDICINE 4. INFORMATION5. EDUCATION 6. GAMES AND INTERTAINMENT

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTERS

COMPUTERS ARE HIGHLY INTELLIGENT AND SOFESTICATED. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN

LIMITATION. THE COMPUTERS CANNOT THINK ON ITS OWN. SINCE IT DOES NOT HAVE ITS OWN

BRAIN. IT CAN ONLY DO WHAT HAS BEEN PROGRAMMED TO DO. IT CAN EXICUTE ONLY

THOSE JOB THAT CAN BE EXPRESSES AS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC GOAL. THE COMPUTER DO NOT LEARN FORM PREVIOUS

EXPERIENCE.

INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES● INPUT DEVICES : 1. PUNCHED CARDS 2. KEYBOARD 3. MOUSE 4. LIGHT PEN 5. JOY STICK 6. TRACK BALL 7. TOUCH SCREEN 8. DIGITIZER 9. SCANNER

● OUTPUT DEVICE :

• DISPLAY SCREEN • PRINTER• SPEAKERS • HEADPHONE

OUTPUT DEVICES

PERIPHERALS DEVICESTHE DEVICE WHICH ARE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE COMPUTER AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD, ARE CALLED AS PERIPHERAL DEVICES.

THE PROCESSORS WHICH ARE REQUIRED TO CONVERT THE INPUT DATA INTO MACHINE LANGUAGE AND TO CONVERT THE OUTPUT GENARATED BY THE COMPUTER INTO HUMAN READABLE FORM, ARE KNOWN AS INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERPHACES.

ONLINE & OFFLINE DATA

● THE DATA WHICH IS DIRECTLY TRANSFERED TO THE COMPUTER IS KNOWN AS ONLINE DATA.

● THE DATA WHICH IS NOT IMMIDIATELY TRANSFERED TO THE COMPUTER IS KNOWN AS OFFLINE DATA.

TYPES OF PRINTERSTHEY ARE TWO TYPES

1. IMPACT PRINTERS

OR

2. NON IMPACT PRINTERS

IMPACT PRINTERS

THESE ARE SIMILAR TO TYPE WRITERS THEY USE A HAMMER TO STRIKE A CHARACTER AGAINST AN

INKED RIBBION THIS CAUSE THE IMAGE OF CHARACTER TO BE

PRINTED ON THE PAPER

1. DOT MATRIX

2. LINE PRINTERS

3. DIASY WHEEL PRITERS 4. DRUM PRINTERS 5. CHAIN PRINTERS

TYPES IMPACT PRINTERS

TYPES OF NON-IMPACT PRITERS

1. INK JET PRINTERS

2. LASER PRINTER

3. PLOTTERS PRINTERS

4. DRUM PLOTTERS PRINTERS