3.4 Models of the Atom. Niels Bohr Niels Bohr, a Danish Physicist developed the “ planetary ”...
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Transcript of 3.4 Models of the Atom. Niels Bohr Niels Bohr, a Danish Physicist developed the “ planetary ”...
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3.4 Models of the Atom
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Niels BohrNiels Bohr, a Danish Physicist
developed the “planetary” model of the atom. Electrons travel around the nucleus in orbits, much like the planets travel around the Sun.
He
Electron
Nucleus
Orbit
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Things to know: • Order of filling the electrons is 2 in the first
orbit, maximum of 8 in the second orbit, and maximum of 8 in the third… (2,8,8)
• Electrons are more stable closer to the nucleus.
• The further away the electrons are from the nucleus, the greater the energy they have.
• Electrons can move from one orbit to another, but they don’t exist in between.
• Heat, light, or electricity can allow electrons to jump from one orbit to another.
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Bohr DiagramsSymbol is in the centre (nucleus) and
the electrons orbit around it: Ex. Hydrogen
Ex. Nitrogen
Ex. Phosphorus
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Hydrogen
H1 e-
Chemical Symbolin the center
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Nitrogen
N
7 e-
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Phosphorus
P15 e-
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Bohr-RutherfordRutherford developed the “nuclear”
model of the atom and when combined with Bohr’s diagram, we can see the numbers and position of all 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons.
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Bohr-RutherfordThe number of protons and neutrons
are written in the centre (nucleus) and the electrons are still represented on the orbits:
Ex. PhosphorusAtomic Mass - 31Atomic # 15 (P=15, e-=15)(*Neutrons = At Mass – At #)Complete p 93: 4-5
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Page 93: 4Oxygen Aluminum
Calcium
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Page 93: 5Flourine Boron
Potassium
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http://www.chemicalelements.com/
1
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Chapter 3 Review
• Questions 2,3,5,7,10,11,12 and 13 pages 100 and 101