3.4 Asexual Reproduction: Copies and Clones Pages 94-98.
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Transcript of 3.4 Asexual Reproduction: Copies and Clones Pages 94-98.
![Page 1: 3.4 Asexual Reproduction: Copies and Clones Pages 94-98.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e885503460f94b8cc96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3.4 Asexual Reproduction: Copies and Clones
Pages 94-98
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Asexual Reproduction
roots or shoots develop into new plants (quick and easy)
budding (hydra, yeast) aphids females can give live birth to females Fragmentation: in fungi, parts break off and
grow
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Cell Division
Mitosis: the genetic material in the nucleus of the parent cell is divided equally into two new nuclei.
Cytokinesis: the splitting of the cytoplasm and its contents into two new daughter cells.
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Cell Cycle
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Interphase
-cell growth and regular cell activitiesDNA is thread-like (chromatin)DNA replication-Sister chromatids remain attached at centromere…known as a chromosome
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Prophase
-chromosomes shorten and thicken-centrioles separate and migrate to the poles-spindle fibres begin to form-nuclear membrane begins to dissolve
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Metaphase
Spindle fibres work to align the chromosomes along the equatorial plate of the cell.
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Anaphase
Centromeres divideChromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
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Telophase
Chromosomes begin to unwind.Spindle fibres dissolveNuclear membranes form around the nucleiPinching in of cell membrane in animal cellsCell Plate forms in plant cells
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Cloning
producing a genetically-identical copy of a living organism
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Animal Cloning
• Dolly the sheep• July 1996• Often do not live as long as normal individuals
and suffer from health problems.
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Implications
Goodmass production of high quality plants and animals leads to high yields
Bad• possibly expensive to achieve• Some traits are detrimental• Loss of genetic diversity • Consumer dissatisfaction
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GMO’s
• Genetically modified organisms• Genes from one species are added to the
genes of another species in order to improve it.
• Ex. Certain yeast and bacteria have an added human insulin gene added to their DNA.
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GMO’s
• A goat that produces spider silk protein.• A banana that contains a vaccine.• A pig that produces healthy omega-3 fat.• Potatoes that make starch for biodegradeable
plastic.
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Issues
• Moral• Ethical• Health concerns
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Endangered species
• Potential to increase population.
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Pet clones