PROPOSED RULES

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY

[40CFRPart406]EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES FOR

EXISTING SOURCES AND STANDARDSOF PERFORMANCE AND PRETREAT-MENT STAN4DARDS FOR NEW SOURCES

Grain Mills Point Source CategoryNotice is hereby given that effluent

limitations guidelines for existing sourcesand standards of performance and pre-treatment standards for new sources setforth in tentative form below are pro-posed by the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) for the corn wet millingsubcategory (Subpart A), the corn drymilling subcategory (Subpart B), thenormal wheat flour milling subcategory(Subpart C), the bulgur wheat, flourmilling subeategory (Subpart D), thenormal rice milling subcategory (Sub-part E), and the parboiled rice process-ing subcategory (Subpart F), of the grainmills category of point sources pursuantto sections 301, 304 (b) and (c), 306(b)and 307(c) of the Federal Water Pollu-tion Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C.1251, 1311, 1314 (b) and (c), 1316(b) and1317(c); 86 Stat. 816 et seq.; Pub. L.92-500) (the "Act").

(a) Legal authority.-(i) Existingpoint sources. Section 301(b) of the Actrequires the achievement by not laterthan July 1, 1977, of effluent limitationsfor point sources, other than publiclyowned treatment works, which requirethe application of the best practicablecontrol technology currently available asdefined by the Administrator pursuant tosection 304(b) of the Act. Section 301 (b)also requires the achievement by notlater than July 1, 1983, of effluent limi-tations for point sources, other than pub-licly owned treatment works, which re-quire the application of best availabletechnology economically achievablewhich will result in reasonable furtherprogress toward the national goal ofeliminating the discharge of all pollu-tants, as determined in accordance withregulations issued by the Administratorpursuant to iection 304(b) of the Act.

Section 304(b) of the Act requires theAdministrator to publish regulationsproviding guidelines for effluent limita-tions setting forth the degree of effluentreduction attainable through the appli-cation of the best practicable controltechnology currently available and thedegree of effluent reduction attainablethrough the application of the best con-trol measures and practices achievableincluding treatment techniques, processand procedure innovations, operatingmethods and other alternatives. The reg-ulations proposed herein set forth ef-fluent linitations guidelines, pursuant tosection 304(b) of the Act, for the cornwet milling subcategory (Subpart A), thecorn dry milling subcategory (SubpartB), the normal wheat flour milling sub-category (Subpart C), the bulgur wheatflour milling subcategory (Subpart D),the normal rice milling subcategory(Subpart E), and the parboiled rice proc-

essing subcategory (Subpart F), of thegrain mills category.

(2) New sources. Section 306 of theAct requires the achievement by newsources of a Federal standard of per-foriance providing for the control ofthe discharge of pollutants which re-flects the greatest degree of effluent re-duction which the Administrator deter-mines to be achievable through applica-tion of the best available demonstratedcontrol technology, processes, operatingmethods, or other alternatives, includ-ing, where practicable, a standard per-mitting no discharge of pollutants.

Section 306(b) (1) (B) of the Act re-quires the Administartor to propose reg-ulations establishing Federal standardsof performance for categories of newsources included in a list published pur-suant to section 306(b) (1) (A) of theAct. The Administrator published in.theF .RAL REGISTER of January 16, 1973(38'F R 1624) a list of 27 source cate-gories, including the grain mills manu-facturing category. The regulations pro-posed herein set forth the standards ofperformance applicable to new sourcesfor the corn wet milling subcategory(Subpart A), the corn dry milling sub-category (Subpart B), the hormal wheatflour milling subcategory (Subpart C),the bulgur wheat flour milling subeate-gory (Subpart D), the normal rice mill-ing subcategory (Subpart E), and theparboiled rice processing subcategory(SubpartF), of the grain mills category.

Section 307(c) of the Act requires theAdministrator to promulgate pretreat-ment standards for new sources at thesame time that standards of perform-ance for new sources are promulgatedpursuant to section 306. Sections 406.15,406.25, 406.35, 406.45, 406.55, and 406.65,proposed below provide pretreatmentstandards for new sources within thecon wet milling subcategory (SubpartA), the corn dry milling subcategory(Subpart B), the normal wheat flourmilling subcategory (Subpart C), thebulgar wheat flour milling subcategory(Subpart D), the normal rice millingsubcategory (Subpart F), and the par-boiled rice processing subcategory (Sub-part F), of the grain mills category.

Section 304(c) of the Act requires theAdministrator to issue to the States andappropriate water pollution controlagencies Information on the processes,procedures or operating methods whichresult in the elimination or reduction ofthe discharge of pollutants to imple-ment standards of performance undersection 306 of the Act. The DevelopmentDocument referred to below provides,pursuant to section 304(c) of the Act,information on such processes, proce-dures or operating methods.

(b) Summary and Basis of ProposedEffluent Limitations Guidelines for Ex-isting Sources and Standards of Per-formance and, Pretreatment Standardsfor New Sources.

(1) General methodology. The effluentlimitations guidelines and standards ofperformance proposed herein were de-veloped In the following manner. Thepoint source category was first studied

for the purpose of determining whetherseparate limitations and standards areappropriate for different segmentswithin the category. This analysis in-cluded a determination of whether dif-ferences in raw material used, productproduced, manufacturing process em-ployed, age, size, waste water constitu-ents and other factors require develop-ment of separate limitations and stand-ards for different segments of the pointsource category. The raw waste charae-tersics for each such segment were thenidentified. This included an analysis of(1) the source, flow and volume of waterused in the process employed 4nd thesources of waste and waste waters in theoperation; and (2) the constituents of allwaste water, The constituents of thewaste waters which should be subject toeffluent limitations guidelines and stand-ards of performance were identified.

The control and treatment technolo-gies existing within each segment wereIdentified. This included an identifica-tion of each distinct control and treat-ment technology, including both in-plantand end-of-process technologies, whichare existent or capable of being designedfor each segment. It also Included anIdentification of, In terms of the amountof constituents and the chemical, physi-cal, and biological characteristics of pol-lutants, the effluent level resulting fromthe application of each of the technolo-gies. The problems, limitations and re-liability of each treatment and controltechnology were also Identified. In addi-tion, the nonwater-quality environmen.tal impact, such as the effects of the ap-plication of such technologies upon otherpollution problems, Including air, solidwaste, noise and radiation, was identi-fied. The energy requirements of eachcontrol and treatment technology weredetermined as well as the cost of the ap-plication of such technologies.

The Information, as outlined above,was then evaluated in order to determinewhat levels of technology constitute the"best practicable control technologycurrently available," "the best availa-ble technology economically achievable"and the "best available demonstratedcontrol technology, processes, operatingmethods, or other alternatives." In iden-tifying such technologies, various factorswere considered. These included thetotal cost of application of technology inrelation to the effluent reduction bene-fits to be achieved from such applica-tion, the age of equipment and facilitiesInvolved, the process employed, the en-gineering aspects of the application ofvarious types of control techniques, proc-ess changes, nonwater-quallty environ-mental impact (including energy re-quirements) and other factors,

The data upon which the above anal-ysis was performed Included EPA permitapplications, EPA sampling and in pec-tions, consultant reports, and industrysubmissions.

The pretreatment standards propoledherein are Intended to be complementaryto the pretreatment standards propos:cdfor existing sources under Part 12 ofthis Title. The basis for such standards

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33438

is set forth in the FEDERAL REGisTER ofJuly 19, 1973, 38 FR 19236. The provi-sions of Part 128 are equally applicableto sources which would constitute "newsources," under section 306 if they wereto discharge pollutants directly to navi-gable waters, except for § 128.133. Thatsection provides a pretreatment stand-ard for "incompatible pollutants" whichrequires application of the "best practi-cable control technology currently avail-able," subject to an adjustment foramounts of pollutants removed by thepublicly owned treatment works. Sincethe pretreatment standards proposedherein apply to new sources, §§ 406.15,406-25, 406.35, 406.45, 406.55, and 406.65below amend § 128.133 to require appli-cation of the standard of performancefor new sources rather than the "bestpracticable" standard applicable to ex-Isting sources under sections 301 and 304(b) of the Act.

(2) Summary of conclusions with re-spect to the corn wet milling subcate-gory (Subpart A), the corn dry millingsubcategory (Subpart B), the normalwheat flour milling subcategory (Sub-part C) the bulgur wheat flour millingsubcategory (Subpart D), the normalrice milling subcategory (Subpart E),and the parboiled rice processing sub-category (Subpart F), of the grain millscategory.

(D Categorization. -For the purpose ofestablishing efluent limitations guide-lines and standards of performance, thegrain mills category was subeategorizedinto: Corn wet milling, corn dry milling,normal wheat flour milling, bulgur wheatflour milling, normal rice milling, andparboiled rice processing. Two factorsnamely raw materials and productionprocesses, provided a basis for subcate-gorization. Factors such as age, size ofplant, waste characteristics and wastecontrol technologies were considered notto justify further segmentation of theindustry.

(1) Subpart A-Corn Wet Milling Sub-category: Corn wet milling has the mostcomplex operations of any of the grainmilling subcategories. The processing be-gins with dry cleaning of the shelledcorn, followed by softening of the kernelsin the steeping process, and then wetmilling. The latter operation separatesthe germ, starch, gluten and hulls. Flur-ther wet processing may be used to pro-duce corn oil, regular and modifiedstarches, corn syrup, dextrose and ani-mal feed.

(2) Subpart B--Corn Dry Milling Sub-category: Corn dry milling differs in al-most all respects from wet milling exceptin the raw materials used. After thecorn is washed only dry processes areused to produce the final products: cornmeal, grits, flour, oil and animal feed.

(3) Subpart C-Normal Wheat FlourUilling Subcategory: Preparation of

wheat into ground flour or granular prod-ucts is fundamentally a dry milling proc-ess, which distinguishes It from the pro-duction of bulgur flour. After cleaningwith water or air, moisture is added in atempering -process with no water dis-charged, followed by dry milling. This

PROPOSED RULES

process separates the germ and branfrom the flour.

(4) Subpart D--Bulgur Wheat FlourMilling Subcategory: Bulgur productiondiffers from normal wheat flour millingin that the wheat Is parboiled, and driedbefore milling.

(5) Subpart E-Normal Rice TilingSubcategory: Milling of rice differs fromother cereal milling in that the productis the whole grain rather than flour ormeal. Rough rice is first cleaned and thenmilled to remove hulls, bran and germ.The polished rice is then enriched withvitamins and minerals before packaging.Rice hulls, bran, polish and small piecesof the grain may be sold separately orcombined into so called mill-feed foranimals.0 (6) Subpart F-Parboiled Rice Proc-

essing Subcategory: The production ofparboiled rice differs from normal ricemilling only in the soaking and cookingoperations known as parboiling.

(ii) Waste Characteristics. The signff-icant pollutant parameters contained inwaste waters resulting from the millingand processing of grain are BODS, totalsuspended nonfilterable solids, and pE.These parameters, if controlled to theextent described in these proposed regu-lations, will adequately control the majororganic and inorganic pollutants. Otherpollutants which are discharged by grainmills are dissolved solids, nitrogen, phos-phorus and temperature. The nutrientsare present in concentrations equal toor less than that found in municipalwaste waters. Moderate amounts of dis-solved solids are present in corn wet mill-ing wastes. As for temperature, processwaste waters, when treated, requireeither cooling before treatment or arenormally cooled by aeration during treat-ment.

(iII) Origin of waste water Pollutantsin the grain processing subcategories. (1)Subpart A-Corn Wet Milling Subcate-gory: Corn wet milling uses more waterand generates more waste water thanany other grain milling process. Themajor waste contributions are: Conden-sates from steepwater evaporation, cool-ing water from once-through barometriccondensers, waste water from modifiedstarch production, and waste water fromactivated carbon and ion exchange andevaporation of syrup In the syrup refin-ing operation. Raw waste waters dis-charged from wet corn milling plantsrange from 0.75 to 30 mgd. The averageamount of BODS in these discharges is415 lbs/MSBu.

(2) Subpart B--ComDry illing Sub-category: The waste waters generated inthis subcategory are from the washing ofcorn and car washing. The wash water isnormally screened or settled to recoversolids for feed, and then It Is dischargedfrom the plant. Most corn dry mills dis-charge to municipal systems. The ma-.tl-mum discharge from corn dry millingplants is about 0.24 mgd. The raw wastewater BODS values are about 60 lbs/MSBu.

(3) Subpart C-Normal Wheat FlourMilling Subcategory: Of the more thantwo hundred plants in this subcategory,

33439

only a few are cleaning with water. Ordi-narily there is no process waste watergenerated.

(4) Subpart D-Bulgur Wheat FlourMilling Subcategory: The few bulgurwheat mills n the United States generatesmall quantities of waste water (.01 to.03 mgd) and all of them discharge tomunicipal systems. The waste waterscontain only moderately high BOD5 andsuspended solids which result from thesteaming and cooking operations.

(5) Subpart E-Normal Rice MillingSubcategory: Normal rice miling Is adry process and does not generate wastewater.

(6) Subpart F-Parboiled Rice Proc-essing Subcategory: Parboiled rice pro-duction involves dry cleaning of the rice,steeping, cooking, drying, cooling, andfinally milling. Waste waters are gener-ated in small amounts (0.1 mgd) fromthe steeping, cooling and drying opera-tions, and the waste may be character-ized as having a high .oluble BOD5 andlow sus-pended solids level. The averageBOD5 loading is 0.18 lbs/cwt.

(iv) Treatment and control teclrnoogytechniques. Treatment techniques forgrain mining wastes are tried and provenbiological treatment systems. Bulkingproblems have existed In the past withcome of these high strength wastes dueto rurges in both strength and volumesof process waste waters, and changes inproduct mix and pH. With proper de-sign of equalization basins, aerationtanks, In plant control, etc , bulkingproblems should be greatly minimized.

(v) Treatment and control tecihnologywithin subcategories. Waste water treat-ment and control technologies have beenstudied for each subcategory of the in-dustry to determine what is (a) the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable, (b) the best available tech-nology economically achievable, and (c)the best available demonstrated controltechnology, processs, operating metb-ods or other alternatives.

(1) Treatment in corn wet mi nsubcategory: The best practicable con-trol technology currently available in-volves a combination of In-plant changesand end-of-pipe treatment. Discharge ofonce-through barometric cooling watershould be eliminated by recirculatingover coaling towers or by replacing thebarometric condensers with surface con-denzarS. If cooling towers are used, theblowdown should be sent to the treat-ment system. In the case of surface con-densers, the condensate should betreated. To reduce carry over of organicsin evaporators, modern entrainment sep-arators should be Installed in steepwaterand syrup evaporators. Treatment ofprocess waste waters should includeequalization. neutralization, biologicaltreatment and solids separation.

The requirements for the best avail-able technology economically achievableinclude increased water reuse at allplants over and above the current prac-tice, Improved solids recovery at indi-vidual waste sources, and deep bed filtra-tion of treated waste water for additionalsolids removal.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECVE.1M- 4, 1973

PROPOSED RULES

-New source performance standards arethe same as for the best available tech-nology economically achievable.

(2) Treatment in corn dry milling sub-category: The best practicable controltechnology currently available for thecorn dry milling subcategory is essen-tially biological treatment followed bysolids separation. Little can be done toreduce the waste load in-plant since thewaste water is generated almost exclu-sively in corn washing. Car washingwaters should be piped to the treatmentsystem.

Solids separation represents the addi-tion that must be made to the best prac-ticable control technology currentlyavailable to meet the requirements ofbest available technology economicallyachievable.

The new source performance stand-ards require the same level of technologyas the best available technology econom-ically achievable.

(3) Treatment in normal wheat flourmilling subeategory: The best practic-able control technology currently avail-able for normal wheat milling is no dis-charge of process waste water pollutantsto navigable waters. Where wet cleaningmethods are used, dry cleaning of graincan be instituted.

Best available technolqgy economicallyachievable and new source performancestandards also involve no discharge ofprocess waste water pollutants to nvig-able waters.

(4) Treatment in bulgur wheat flourmilling subcategory: For bulgur wheatflour milling the best practicable controltechnology currently available is biologi-cal treatment comparable to activatedsludge followed by solids separation.

Best available technology economicallyachievable may be obtained by additionof solids filtration to the best practicablecontrol technology currently 'available.This level of treatment will also meetthe new source performance standards.

(5) Treatment in normal rice millingsubcategory: The best practicable con-trol technology currently available fornormal rice milling is no discharge ofprocess waste water pollutants to navig-able waters.

Best available technology economicallyachievable and new source performancestandards also involve no discharge ofprocess waste water pollutants to navig-able waters.

(6) Treatment in parboiled rice proc-essing subcategory: The best practicablecontrol technology currently available inparboiled rice processing is biologicaltreatment comparable to activated sludgefollowed by solids separation.",

Best available technology economicallyachievable and new source performancestandards may be obtained by additionof solids filtration to best practicabletechnology currently available.

(vi) Cost and energy requirements. Thecost and energy requirements of the rec-ommended technologies have been in-vestigated. In the corn wet milling sub-category, the investment costs for a typi-cal size plant (60,000 standard bushels/day) are $2,544,000 exclusive of land cost

for the best practicable control tech-nology currently available. Since onlyfour wet corn mills are affected and theyall have treatment installations in place,the added costs to meet the limitationswill be less than the cost quoted in eachcase. One of these mills presently meetsthe effluent level achievable by applica-"tion of the best practicable control tech-nology currently available.

The power requirements for "the ap-plication of the best practicable controltechnology currently available for amedium sized corn wet mill plant areestimated to be 450kw (600 hp).

The investment costs of the recom-mended best practicable control tech-nology currently available for a typicalplant in each of the other subcategoriesare as follows:Corn dry milling ---------------- 291, 000Bulgur wheat flour -------------- 24,000Parboiled rice ---------------- 313, Oo

No significant energy requirements areinvolved. The investment cost of apply-ing the recommended best availabletechnology economically achievable fora typical plant in each of the subcate-gories is shown below:

These costs include those for applyingthe best practicable control technologycurrently available.Corn wet milling ----------- 2, 832,000Corn dry milling ---------------- 323, 000Bulgur wheat flour ------------- 93, 000Parboiled rice ---------------- 342, 000No significant additional energy require-ments over the best practicable controltechnology currently available will benecessary to apply the best availabletechnology economically achievable.

(vii) Establishing daily maximum lim-itations. The daily maximum limitationsfor the effluent characteristics for eachsubcategory with allowable dischargesare 3.0 times the 30-day limitations.These limitations take into account thevariability of raw waste loads and re-sultant effluents in the grain mills cate-gory. They were based on an analysisof the data gathered during the prepa-ration of the Idevelopment Document.

(viii) Nonwater quality environmen-tal impact. The principal nonwaterquality environmental impact attributa-ble to the control and treatment tech-nologies proposed is disposal as a solidwaste of the sludge generated from thebiological treatment systems. Severalavenues are available for the disposal ofthese solids including digestion and land-fill, incineration, and other conventionalmethods for handling biological solids.Corn wet milling generates the greatestamounts of sludge of any of the subcate-gories. It is known that several plantsreturn these solids to the process stream,presumably for animal feed. Severalmethods for accomplishing this can besuggested including centrifugation, vac-uum filtration, and direct addition toevaporators.

(ix) Economic impact analysis. Astudy conducted by EPA has concludedthat although there could be pressure onprices in one subeategory of the grainmills point source category of nearly 2.0

percent, plant closures attributable tothe suggested guidelines appear Improb-able. As a result, employment and com-munity impacts are minimal. No balanceof trade problems exist.

Of all the subcategories, corn wet mill.ing Is the most affected by the recom-mended effluent standards. Only 5 of 17existing plants currently discharge di-rectly to surface waters. One of thee, willbe discharging to a municipal system inthe near future. The other 4 plants rep-resent 23 percent of industry capacity.These plants may increase prices 1.2-41.9percent to cover pollution controls. I-ow-ever, due to the competitivenesq of theindustry, the few firms who must treattheir own wastes will probably have dif-ficulty passing on their costs fully. Thefinal effect may be a mild curtailment ofindustry growth.

The report entitled "Development Doc-ument for Proposed Effluent LimitationsGuidelines and New Source Perform-ance Standards for the Grain Proccs.AngrSegment of the Grain Mills Point SourceCategory" details the analysis under-taken in support of the regulations be-ing proposed herein and is available forinspection in the EPA Information Cen-ter, Room 227, West Tower, WatersidoMall, Washington, D.C., at all EPA re-gional ofces, and at State water pollu-tion control offices. A supplementary an-alysis prepared for EPA of the possibleeconomic effects of the proposed regula-tions is also available for inspection atthese locations. Copies of both of thesedocuments are being sent to persons orinstitutions affected by the proposed reg-ulations, or who have placed themselveson a mailing list for this purpose (eeEPA's Advance Notice of Public ReviewProcedures, 38 FR 21202, August 0, 1973).An additional limited number of copiesof both reports axe available. Personswishing to obtain a copy may write theEPA Information Center, EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Washington, D.C.20460. Attention: Mr. Philip B. Wisman,

(c) Summary of public participation,Prior to this publication, the agenciesand groups listed below were consultedand given an opportunity to participatein the development of effluent liitationsguidelines and standards proposed forthe grain mills manufacturing category.All participating agencies have been in-formed of project developments. An ini-tial draft of the Development Documentwas sent to all participants and com-ments were solicited on that report., Thefollowing are the principal agencies andgroups consulted: (1) Effluent Standardiand Water Quality Information Advi-sory Committee (established under sec-tion 515 of the Act); (2) all State andU.S, Territory Pollutfon Control Agen-cies;(3) New England Interstate WaterPollution Control Commission: (4) OhioRiver Valley Sanitation Commission; (5)Delaware River Basin Commission; (6)American Society of Mechanical Engi-neers; (7) American Society of ChemicalEngineers; (8) Hudson River Sloop Res-toration, Inc.; (9) Conservation F ounda-tion; (10) Environmental Defense Fund;(11) Natural Resources Defense Council,

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33440

PROPOSED RULES

(12) Water Pollution Control Federa-tion; (13) National Wildlife Federation;(14) U.S. Department of Commerce;(15) U.S. Department of Interior; (16)Water Resources Council; (17) U.S. De-partment of Agriculture; (18) U.S. De-partment of Health, Education, and Wel-fare; (19) Corn Refiners Association,Inc.; (20) American Corn Millers Fed-eration; (21) Rice Millers Association;(22) Miller's National Federation; (23)National Soft Wheat Millers Association;and (24) Protein Cereal Products Insti-tute.

The following organizations respondedwith comments: Effluent Standards andWater Quality Information AdvisoryCommittee; U.S. Department of the In-terior; American Corn Millers Federa-tion; Corn Refiners Association, Inc.;California Water Resources ControlBoard; Delaware River Basin Commis-sion; Water Pollution Control Federa-tion; Texas Water Quality Board; U.S.Department of Agriculture; State ofNorth Carolina, Department of Naturaland Economic Resources; U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce; U.S. Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare; Stateof Illinois; and the New York State De-partment of Environmental Conserva-tion.

The primary issues raised in the de-velopment of these proposed effluent lim-itations guidelines and standards of per-formance and the treatment of theseissues herein are as follows:

1. A major objection to the guidelinesas recommended in the DevelopmentDocument was the supposed implicationthat the pollutant limitations representmaximum allowable discharge limits. In

,addition, the setting of pollutant limi-tations without regard to the inherentvariability of raw waste loads from thisindustry was also criticized. The limita-tions as recommended in the draft re-port to EPA were intended to be theaverage maximum of any thirty consec-utive days, and are so stated in the pro-posed regulations. As recognized in theDevelopment Document, variability ineffluent concentrations is due to.varia-tions in raw waste load (especially shockloads) and changes in raw waste compo-sition, as well as poor operation and de-sign of treatment facilities. A number ofrecommendations are made in the re-port to minimize upsets caused by theabove factors. However, in view of theinherent variability of wastes in this in-dustry, the proposed regulations allowa daily maximum of three times themonthly average. This limitation is at-tainable and realistic based on the dataavailable.

2. Industry was concerned that no al-lowance would be made for auxiliarywastes when applying these regulations.The regulations as proposed only pertainto process waste waters, and should notbe construed as limiting auxiliary wastewaters. Guidelines will be set at a laterdate for such wastes.

3, Extensive comments were made asregards the cost information. One indus-try comment contained detailed costs ap-parently much higher than the estimates

in the Development Document. If thelatter cost figures based on 1971 dollarsare adjusted to present costs, the invest-ment cost Is only 11 percent less thanthe industry estimate. This differenceis mainly due to the costs of in-plantcontrols. Cost estimates for in-plantcontrols were not included for the hypo-thetical plant used in the DevelopmentDocument. This plant was assumed tohave good in-plant control practices, asituation which exists at many grainmills.

4. Other comments questioned the ap-plicability of deep bed filtration totreated wastes from corn wet mills. It istrue that this technique for removingsuspended solids after biological treat-ment is not in wide use. However, thereis no- evidence that It cannot be appliedto the grain milling industry. With thein-plant controls and treatment sug-gested in the Development Document for1983, upsets in the biological system willbe minimized allowing application ofthe deep bed filtration technique. Itshould be noted that at. least one cornwet mill is presently installing a biologi-cal system with deep bed filtration andhas apparently concluded that such asystem is indeed workable.

5. Comments have been received tothe effect that use of a range of effluentvalues in the corn wet milling and corndry milling point source subcategoriesof the grain milling category is necessaryto enable the permit-issuing authorityto give adequate recognition to thevarious considerations set forth in sec-tion 304(b) of the Act. Comments havealso been received questioning whetherthe treatment system proposed as bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable can in fact consistently complywith the proposed 30 day average andmaximum daily effluent limitations.

We specifically request comments anddata on these points; and if alternativesto this regulation are offered (in accord-ance with the above request), wefurther request fullbackground dataand documentation to enable the En-vironmental Protection Agency to makea further judgment on the alternatives.

In addition during the public com-ment period for these guidelines wewould appreciate further information onthe potential economic impact on thisindustry. We would specifically like toreceive more data pertinent to: (a) Thenumber of 1lants and plant size, by typeof plant; (b) revenues; (c) investmentexpenditures; (e) in-plant modificationcosts; (f) whether discharge is to a mu-nicipal system or to surface water; and(g) land requirements and availability ofland for installation of waste treatmentfacilities.

Interested persons may participate inthis rulemaking by submitting writtencomments in triplicate to the EPA In-formation Center, Environmental Pro-tection Agency, Washington, D.C. 204G00,Attention: Mr. Philip B. Wisman. Com-ments on all aspects of the proposedregulations are solicited. In the eventcomments are in the nature of criticismsas to the adequacy of data which is

available, or which may be reliedupon by the Agency, comments shouldidentify and, if possible, provide anyadditional data which may be availableand should indicate why such data isessential to the development of the reg-ulations. In the event comments addressthe approach taken by the agency inestablishing an effluent limitation guide-line or standard of performance, EPAsolicits suggestions as to what alterna-tive approach should he taken and whyand how this alternative better satisfiesthe detailed requirements of sections301,304(b), 306 and 307 of the Act.

A copy of all public comments will beavailable for inspection and copying atthe EPA Information Center, Room 227,West Tower, Waterside Mall, 401 MStreet SW., Washington, D.C. A copy ofpreliminary draft contractor reports, theDevelopment Document and economicstudy referred to above, and certain sup-plementary materials supporting thesludy of the industry concerned will alsobe maintained at this location for publicreview and copying. The EPA informa-tion regulation, 40 CFR Part 2, providesthat a reasonable fee may be chargedfor copying.

All comments received on or beforeJanuary 4, 1974 will be considered.Steps previously taken by the Environ-mental Protection Agency to facilitatepublic response within this time periodare outlined in the advance notice con-cerning public review procedures pub-1Lshed on August 6, 1973 (38 FR 21202).

Dated November 21, 1973.Jowr QuAnLrs,

Acting Administrator.

PART 406--EFFLUENT LIMITATIONSGUIDELINES FOR EXISTING SOURCESAND STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCEAND PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FORNEW SOURCES FOR THE GRAIN MILLSPOINT SOURCE CATEGORY

Subpart A-Com Wet Milling SubcategorySea.400.10 ApplIcability; deccriptlon of corn

wet mllng subcategory.406.11 Specialized deinitions.400.12 Effluent llmltations guidellnes rep-

rezenting the degree of eMuent re-duction atainable by the appica-ton of the best przicablecontrol technolo-y currently avail-able.

400.13 Effluent lmltatlow guidellnes rep-rezenting the de2ree of emuent re-ductlon attainable by the appi-tlon of the be t available technol-o' economlcally achlevable.

400.14 Standards or performance for newcourcee.

408.15 Pretreatment standard for newpourCo S.

Subpart B-Corn Dry Millin_- SubcategorySec.400.20

400.21400.22

ApplcablUty; decriptlon of corndry mMin sucat-gory.

Speclalized definitlons.Effluent limltatons guidelinez rep-

re enting the degree of efluent re-duction attainable by the applica-t.on of the best practicable con-trol technolo3y currently available.

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33441

PROPOSED RULES

sec.406.23 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-

resenting the degree of eMuent re-duction attainable by the appll-tion of the best available technol-ogy economically achievable.

406.2A Standards of performance for newsources.

406.25 Pretreatment standards fcr newsources.

Subpart C-Normal Wheat Flour MillingSubcategory

406.30 Applicability; description of normalwheat flour Milling suboategory.

406.31 Specialized definitions.406.32 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-

resenting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable con-trol technology currently available.

406.33 Effluent limitations guidelines 'Tep-resenting the degree of eMuent re-duction. attainable by the appli-cation of the best available tech-nology economically achievable.

40834 Standards of performance for newsources.

40.36 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

Subpart D--Bulur Wheat Flour Milling

SeeS.atgory408.40 Applicability; description of bulgur

wheat flour milling aubcategory.400.41 Specialized definitions.406.42 Effluent limitations guidelines repre-

senting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicablecontrol technology currently avail-able.

400.43 Efnuent limitations guidelines repre-senting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion' of the best available tachnol-ogy economically achievable.

408.44 Standards of performance for newsources.

408.45 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

Subpart E-Nornal Rice Milling Subcategory

See408.80 Applicability; description of normal

rie miling subcategory.406.81 Specialized definitions,406.52 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-

resenting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the appli-cation of the best practicable con-trol technology currently available.

406.13 Effluent limitations guldelitns rep-resenting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technol-ogy economically achieveable.

408.4 Standards of performance for newsources.

406.55 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

Subpart F-Parboled Rice ProcessingS Subcategory

406.60 Applicability; description of par-boiled rice processing subcvtegory.

406.61 Specialized definitions.406.62 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-

resenting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

406.63 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-resenting the degree of effluent re-duction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technol-ogy economically achievable.

Sec.408.64 Standards of performance for new

sources406.65 Pretreatment standards for new

sourcesSubpart A-Corn Wet Milling Subcategory§406.10 Applicability; description of

corn wet milling subcategory.The provisions of this subpart are ap-

plicable to discharges resulting from theprocess in which shelled corn is steepedIn a dilute solution of sulfurous acid andthen. processed by wet means into suchproducts as animal feed, regular andmodified starches, corn oil, corn syrup,and dextrose.§ 406.11 Specialized definitions.

For the purposes of this subpart:(a) The term "corn" shall mean the

shelled corn delivered to a plant beforeprocessing.

(b) The term "standard bushel" shallmean a bushel of shelled corn weighing56 pounds.

(c) The following abbreviations shallhave the following meanings: (1)"BOD5" shall mean five day biocheni-cal oxygen demand; (2) "TSS" shallmean total suspended nonfilterablesolids; (3) "kg" shall mean kilo-gram(s); (4) "kkg" shall mean 1000kilograms; (5) Ib" shall meanpound(s); and (8) "MSBu" shall mean1000 standard bushels.§ 406.12 Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

.The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants or'pollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart:

EffluentcharacterlstfasBOD5 --------

pH .. .......--

Effluent limitatfonsMaximum for any one day

2.67 kag/g of corn (180lb/MSBu)

Maxin m average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.89 kg/kkg of corn (50.0lb/MSBu)

Maximum for any one day1.86 kg/klg of corn (105Tb/MSBu)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.62 kg/kkg of corn (3.6.0lb/MSBu)

Within the rauge of 6.0 to9.0

§ 406.13 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degee of effluentreduction attainable by the applica.tion of the best available -technologyeconomically achievable.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant-properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestavailable technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart:

B3OD5-

pH -...-.- ..- ,

Effluent limit all eaMaximum for any one day

1.08 k,/kG Of Corn (C0.0lb/MSBu)

Mfaximum average of dailyvaluca for any porlod ofthirty conmocutivo dyU0.38 lrAklig of corn (20.0lb/MSu)

Moaimum for any ono day0.64 k,/kkg of corn (30.0lb/fM5Bu)

MIMiraun averago of dallyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive daya0.18 l /ldg of corn (10.0lb/MZBu)

Witbin tho rango of 0,0 to9.

§ 406.14 Standards of performance fornew sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or qulty of pollutanto orpollutant properties which may be dL-charged reflecting the greate.-t degreo ofeffluent reduction achievable through ap-plication of the best available demon-strated control technology, procezsze, op-erating methods, or other alternatives,inoluding, where practcable, a sandardpermitting no discharge of pollutantsby a new point source subject to the pro-visions of this subpart:

Effluentcharact r stie s Effluent limitationoBOD5 -........ maximum for any one day

TS8 -----

1.08 kCg/"-g of corn (60.0lb/ISBI)

Mxximum aver,,o of dailyvaluca for any period ofthirty conzcoutvci days0.30 kr/l= C of corn (20.0lb/ilSBu)

Maximum for any ono dayo0,4 kr/lnc of corn (30.0lbf/MEu)

Maximum average of dailyvalu= for any perlod ofthirty conzettlvo daya0.18 kg/kkg of corn (10.0lb/MSBU)

pL .---------- Within the range of 0.0 to9.0

§ 406.15 Pretreatment standardo fornow sources.

The pretreatment standards under rec-tion 307(c) of the Act, for a source withinthe corn wet milling subcategory whichis an industrial user of a publicly ownedtreatment works, (and which would be anow source subject to section 30G of theAct, If It were to discharge pollutantsto navigable waters), shall be the stand-ard set forth in Part 128 of this title,except that for the purposes of thissection, § 128.133 of this title shall beamended to read as follows: "In addi-tion to the prohibitions set forth In§ 128.131 of this title, the pretreatmentstandard for ncompatible pollutants in-troduced into a publicly owned treat-ment works by a major contributing In-dustry shall be the standard of perform-ance for new sources specifled in§ 406.14, Provided That, if the publiclyowned treatment works which recelvesthe pollutants is committed, n itsNJDMES Permit, to remove a specified per-centage of any incompatible pollutant,

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL .38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33442

PROPOSED RULES

the pretreatment standard applicable tousers of such treatment works shall becorrespondingly reduced for that pol-lutant."'

Subpart B-Com Dry Milling Subcategory

§ 406.20 Applicability; description ofcorn dry milling subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are ap-plicable to discharges resulting from theprocess in which shelled corn is washedand subsequently milled by dry processesinto such products as corn meal, grits,-four, oil and animal feed.

§ 406.21 Specialized definitions.For the purposes of this subpart:(A) The term "corn" shall mean the

shelled corn delivered to a plant beforeprocessing.

(b) The term "standard bushel" shallmean a bushel of shelled corn weighing56 pounds.

(c) The following abbreviations shallhave the following meanings: (1)"BOD5" shall mean five day biochemicaloxygen demand; (2) "TSS" shall meantotal suspended nonfilterable solids; (3)"kg" shall mean kilogram(s) ; (4) "kkg"shall mean 1000 kilograms; (5) "11b" shallmean pound(s); and (6) "MSBu" shallmean 1000 standard bushels.

§ 406.22 Effluent -limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity _or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacteristic Effluent limitation

BOD-5 ------. Maximum for any one day

7W -- - -- -

0.21 kg/kkg of corn (12.0lb/MSBu)

Waximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.071 kg/kkg of corn (4.01bIM.Bu)

Maximum for any one day0.18 kg/kkg of corn (10.5ib/MSBuj

I aximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty, consecutive days0.062 kg/kkg of corn (3.5lb/MSBu)

------ Within the range of 6.0 to9.0

§ 406.23 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technology!economically achievable.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of thebest available technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart:

EffluentcharafterlsticsBODS --------

TSS ----------

PH ----------

Effluent limitationsMaximum for any one day

0.11 kg/ltg of corn (0.0lb/MSBu)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.036 kg/ldg of corn (2.0lb/MSBu)

Maximum for any one day0.054 kg/klg or corn (3.0lb/21SBu)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.018 kg/kIg of corn (1.0lb/LSBu)

Within the range of 0.0 to9.0

§ 406.24 Standards of performance fornew sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged reflecting the greatest degree ofefluent reduction achievable throughapplication of the best available demon-strated control technology, processes, op-erating methods, or other alternatives,including, where practicable, a standardpermitting no discharge of pollutants bya new point source subject to the provi-sions of this subpart:

Effluentchwracteristics Effluent limitationsBOD5 -------- Maximum for any one day

TSS .........

0.10 kg/kkg of corn (0.0lh/MSBu)

aximum average of dailyvalues for, any period ofthirty consecutive daya

\ 0.036 kg/kzkg of corn (2.0lb/MBu)

Maximum for any one day0.054 kg/klkg of corn (3.0Ib/=SBu)

axlmum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutLve days0.018 kg/kkg of corn (1.0lb/MWSu)

Within the range of 0.0 to9.0

§ 406.25 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

The pretreatment standards undersection 307(c) of the Act, for a sourcewithin the corn dry milling subcategorywhich is an industrial user of a publiclyowned treatment works (and whichwould be a new source subject to section306 of the Act, If It were to dischargepollutants to navigable waters), shall bethe standard set forth in Part 128 of thistitle, except that for the purposes of thissection, § 128.133 of this title shall beamended to read as follows: '7n additionto the prohibitions set forth in § 128.131of this title, the pretreatment standardfor incompatible Pollutants introducedinto a publicly owned treatment worksby a major contributing industry shallbe the standard of performance for newsources specified in § 406.24: Provided,That, if the publicly owned treatmentworks which receives the pollutants iscommitted, in its NPDES permit, to re-

move a specified percentage of any in-compatible pollutant, the pretreatmentstandard applicable to 'users of suchtreatment works shall be correspond-ingly reduced for that pollutant."

Subpart C-Normal Wheat Flour MillingSubcategory

§ 406.30 Applicability; description ofnormal wheat flour milling subcate-gory.

The provisions of this subpart are ap-plicable to discharges resulting from theprocesses In which wheat and othergrains are milled by dry processes intoflour and milleed.§ 406.31 Specialized definitions.

For the purposes of this subpart-:(a) The term "process waste water"

shall mean any water which during themanufacturing process, comes into directcontact with any raw material, inter-mediate product, by-produdt or productused in or resulting from normal wheatflour milling.

(b) The term "process waste waterpollutants" shall mean pollutants con-tained in process waste waters.(c) The term 'wheat" shall mean

wheat delivered to a plant beforeprocessing.§ 406.32 Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica--ion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart: No dischargeof process waste water pollutants tonavigable waters.§ 406.33 Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technologyeconomically achievable.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants or

,PoIllutant properties whiblh may be dis-charged after application of the bestavailable technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart: wo dis-charge of process waste water pollutantsto navigable waters.§ 406.34 Standards of performance for

new sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged reflecting the greatest degree ofefluent reduction achievable throughapplication of the best available demon-strated control technology, processes, op-erating methods, or other alternatives,including, where practicable, a standardpermitting no discharge of pollutants bya new point source subject to the provi-sions of this subpart: No discharge of

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33443

PROPOSED RULES

process waste water pollutants to navi-gable waters.§ 406.35 Pretreatment standards for-new

sources.

The pretreatment standards undersection 307(c) of the Act, for a sourcewithin the normal wheat flour millingsubcategory which is an industrial userof a publicly owned treatment works(and which would be a new source sub-ject to section 306 of the Act, if it wereto discharge pollutants to navigablewaters), shall be the standard set forthIn Part 128 of this title, exceptthat forthe purposes of this section, § 128.133of this title shall be amended to read asfollows: "In addition to the prohibitionsset forth in § 128.13! of this title the pre-treatment standard for incompatiblepollutants introduced into a publiclyowned treatment works by a major con-tributing industry shall be the standardof performance for new sources specifiedin § 406.34, Provided That, if the publiclyowned treatment works which receivesthe pollutants is committed, in itsNPDES permit, to remove a specifiedpercentage of any incompatible pollut-ant, the pretreatment standard appli-cable to users of such treatment worksshall be correspondingly reduced for thatpollutant."

Subpart D-Bulgur Wheat Flour MillingSubcategory

§406.40 Applicability; description ofbulgur wheat flour milling subcate-gory.

The provisions of this subpart are ap-plicable to discharges resulting from theprocess in which wheat is parboiled,dried, and partially debranned in theproduction of bulgur.

§ 406.41 Specialized definitions.

For the purposes of this subpart:(a) The term "wheat" shall mean

wheat delivered to a plant beforeprocessing.

(b) The term "standard bushel" shallmean a bushel of wheat weighing 60pounds.

(c) The following abbreviations shallhave the following meanings: (1)"BED5" shall mean five day biochemicaloxygen demand; (2) "TSS" shall meantotal suspended nonfilterable solids; (3)"kg" shall mean kilogram(s) ; (4) "kkg"shall mean 1000 kilograms; (5) "lb" shallmean pound(s); and (6) "MSBu" shallmean 1000 standard bushels.

§ 406.42 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

The following limitations constitutethe-quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties- which may be dis-charged after application of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacteristic

BOD5 .....- .

TSS ---------

pH

Effluent limitationMaximnum for any one day

0.025 kg/kkg of wheat(1.50 lb/MISBu)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.0083 kg/kkg of wheat(0.50 lb/MSBu)

Maximum for any one day0.025 kg/kkg of wheat(1.50 lb/MSBu)

1aximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.0083 kg/kkg of wheat(0.50 lb/MSBu)

Within the range of 6.0 to9.0

§ 406.43 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technologyeconomically achievable.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of -pollutants orpollutant properties which may bedischarged after application of thebest available technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart:

Effuent un imaiocharacteristics Effluent limitatioBOD5 -------- aximum for any nne da

TSS ----------

0.015 kg/kkg of wheat0.90 lb/MSBu).

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.0050 kg/kkg of wheat(0.30 lb/MSBu).

Mlaximum for any one day0.0099 kg/kkg of wheat(0.60 lbI/SBu).

Mlaximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.0033 kg/kkg of wheat(0.20 lb/MSBu).

Within the range of 6.0 to

§ 406.44 Standards of performance fornew sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged reflecting the greatest degree ofeffluent reduction achievable through ap-plication of the best available demon-strated control technology, processes, op-erating methods, or other alternatives,including, where practicable, a standardpermitting no discharge of pollutants bya new point source subject to the provi-sions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacteristic Effluent limitation

BOD 5 -------- Maximum for any one day0.015 kg/kkg of wheat(0.90 lb/MSBu).

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutive days0.0050 kg/kkg of wheat(0.30 lb/1- Bu).

Effluentcharacteristic Efflucnt limitaionTSS --------- Maximum for any one (lay

0.0099 l:g/klhg of eliCat(0.60 lb/MiSllu).

M1aximumn average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty concecutivo days0.0033 l:/tilg Of wheat(0.20 lb/1ABu).

pH ---------- Within the range of 0.0 to9.0.

§ 406.45 Pretreatment standard'i for newsources.

The pretreatment standards undersection 307(c) of the Act, for a sourcewithin the bulgur wheat flour millingsubcategory which is an industrial userof a publicly owned treatment worhi,(and which would be a new source ,aib-ject to section 306 of the Act, if It wereto discharge pollutants to navigablewaters), shall be the standard set forthin Part 128 of this title execpt that forthe purposes of this section, § 128,133 ofthis title shall be amended to read asfollows: "In addition to the prohibitionsset forth In § 128.131 of this title, the pro-treatment standard for Incompatible pol-lutants introduced into a publicly ownedtreatment worls by a major contribut-Ing industry shall be the standard of per-formance for new sources specified In§ 406.44, Provided, That, If the publiclyowned treatment works which receivesthe pollutants is committed, in Its NPDESpermit, to remove a specified percentageof any incompatible pollutant, the pre-treatment standard applicable to ti: :rof such treatment works shall be cor-respondingly reduced for that pollutant."

Subpart E-Normal Rico MillingSubcategory

§406.50 Applicability; dcscription ofnormal rice milling subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are ap-plicable to discharges resulting from theprocess in which rice Is cleaned andmilled by dry procezses.§ 406.51 Specialized definitions.

For the purposes of this subpart:(a) The term "process waste water"

shall mean any water which during themanufacturing process, comes intodirect contact with any raw material, In-termediate product, by-product orproduct used In or resulting from normalrice milling.

(b) The term "process waste waterpollutants" shall mean pollutnts con-tained in process waste waters.

(c) The term "rice" shall mean therice delivered to a plant beforeprocessing.

§ 406.52 Effluent limitations guldelhnesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica.tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

The following limitations constitutothe quantity or quality of pollutantz or

FEDERAL REGISTERr VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973

33444

PROPOSED RULES

pollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart: No dischargeof process waste water pollutants to navi-gable waters.

§ 406.53 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best available technologyeconomically achievable.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestavailable technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart: No dis-charge of process waste water pollutantsto navigable waters.

§ 406.54 Standards of performance fornew sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged reflecting the greatest degree ofeffluent reduction achievable throughapplication of the best available demon-strated control technology, processes,operating methods, or other alternatives,including, where practicable, a standardpermitting no discharge of pollutants bya new point source subject to the pro-visions of this subpart: No discharge ofprocess waste water pollutants to naviga-.ble waters.

§ 406.55 Pretreatment standards for newsources.

The pretreatment standards undersection 307(c) of the Act, for a sourcewithin the normal rice milling subcate-gory which is an industrial user of apublicly owned treatment works (andwhich would be a new source subjectto section 306 of the Act, if it were todischarge pollutants to navigable wa-ters), shall be the standard set forth inPart 128 of this title except that for thepurposes of this section, § 128.133 of thistitle shall be amended to read as follows:"In addition to the prohibitions set forthin § 128.131 of this title the pretreatmentstandard for incompatible pollutantsintroduced into a publicly owned treat-ment works by a major contributing in-dustry shall be the standard ofperformance for new sources specified in§ 406.54, provided that, if the publiclyowned treatment works which receivesthe pollutants is committed, in itsNPDES permit, to remove a specifiedpercentage of any incompatible pollut-ant, the pretreatment standard applica-ble to users of such treatment worksshall be correspondingly reduced forthat pollutant."

Subpart F-Parboiled Rice ProcessingSubcategory

§ 406.60 Applicability; description ofparboiled rice processing subcategdry.

The provisions of this subpart are ap-plicable to discharges resulting from the

process in which rice Is cleaned, cookedand dried before being milled.

§ 406.61 Specialized definitions.

For the purposes of this subpart:(a) The term "rice" shall mean the

rice delivered to a plant before proc-essing.

(b) The following abbrevlations shallhave the follbwing meanings: (1)' BOD5" shall mean five day biochemicaloxygen demand; (2) "TSS" shall meantotal suspended nonfilterable solids; (3)"kg" shall mean kilogram(s); (4) "klg"shall mealn 1000 kilograms; (5) "l1b" shallmean pound(s); and (6) "cwt" shallmean hundred weight.§ 406.62 . Effluent limitations guidelines

representing the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-tion of the best practicable controltechnology currently available.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which'may be dis-charged after tippllcation of the bestpracticable control technology currentlyavailable by a point source subject to theprovisions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacteristic Effluent limitation

BOD5 ------- Maximum for any one day

Tea.......

pW --- --

0.42 kg/ldg of rice (0.0-2lb/cwt)

Maximum average of dallyvalues for any period ofthirty conzecutive days0.140 hkl~g of rico (0.014lb/cwt)

Maximum for any one day0.24 lrg/lzg of rice (0.024lb/cwt)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty conzecutivo days0.080 kg/Vkg of rice (0.008lb/cwt)

-Within the range of 0.0 to9.0

§ 406.63 Effluent limitations guidelinesrepresenting the degree of effluentreduction attainable by the applica-lion of the best available technologyeconomically achievable.

The following limitations qonsttutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged after application of the bestavailable technology economicallyachievable by a point source subject tothe provisions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacteristic

BOD --------Effluent limitation

Maximum for any one day0.21 lzgkkg of rice (0.021lb/cwt)

Maximum average of dallyvalues for any period ofthirty consecutivo da70.070 kgfkkg of rice (0.007lb/cwt)

Effluentcharacteristic Effluent limitatiosToS --- ---- .1imum for any one day

0-09 lV khg of rice (o.O09lb/cwt)

Maximum average of dailyvalue- for any period ofthirty conzecutive days0.030 l:g/kkg of rice (0.003ib/cwt)

pH Within the range of 6.0 to0.0

§ 406.64 Standards of performance fornew sources.

The following limitations constitutethe quantity or quality of pollutants orpollutant properties which may be dis-charged reflecting the greatest degree ofeffluent reduction achievable through ap-plication of the best available demon-strated confrol technology, processes, op-erating methods, or other alternatives,including, where practicable, a standardpermitting no $Uscharge of pollutants bya new point source subject to the provi-sions of this subpart:

Effluentcharacterita Effluent limitation

BODS ------ Maximum for any one day

TSS ---------

921 k of rice (0.021Ib/wt)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any p id ofthirty conceutive days0.070 1gi- g of rice (0.00 7lb/c7t)

Maximum for any one day0.03 kg/ltg of rice (0.009lb/cut)

Maximum average of dailyvalues for any period ofthirty conecutive days0.030 kgflkg of rice (0.003lblcvt)

pH. ......... Within the range of 6.0 to9.0

§ 406.65 Pretreatment standards fornewsource

The pretreatment standards undersection 307(c) of the Act for a sourcewithin the parboiled rice processing sub-category which Is an Industrial user of apublicly owned treatment works, (andwhich would be a new source subject tosection 306 of the Act, if it were to dis-charge pollutants to navigable waters),shall be the standard set forth in Part128 of this title except that for the pur-poze3 of this section. § 128.133 of this titleshall be amended to read as follows: "Inaddition to the prohibitions set forth in§ 128.131 of this title, the pretreatmentstandard for incompatible pollutants in-troduced into a publicly owned treatmentworks by a major contributing industryshall be the standard of performance fornew sources specified In § 406.64 providedthat, if the publicly owned treatmentworks which receives the pollutants iscommitted. in Its NDES permit, to re-move a specified percentage of any in-compatible pollutant, the pretreatmentstandard applicable to users of suchtreatment works shall be correspondinglyreduced for that pollutant.'

[FR Doc.73-25120 Piled 12-3-73;8:45 amb.]

FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 38, NO. 232-TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1973No. 232-Pt. I1-2

3=,45