CIVIL PROCEDURELecture 2Some terms; adversarial system; offers of compromiseDiscussion pointsDiscuss in !roups "#at t#e follo"in! terms mi!#t mean$%Discovery%E& parte%Interlocutory%Issue%'ud!ment %(asterR(I) University Slide 2Discussion points%(otion%Order %Ori!inatin! process%Prot#onotary%Re!istrar %Statement of Claim%Summons%*ritR(I) University Slide +Discussion points%Discovery$ Pre,trial process "#ere one side si!#ts anot#er-s documents or administers interro!atories ./uestions ans"ered on oat#0 on t#e ot#er side;%E& parte$ 1n application made in t#e a2sence of t#e opposin! party3Inter partes 4 "#en t#e ot#er party is present;%Interlocutory$ Procedural applications or matters occurrin! 2efore t#e trial are interlocutory3Discovery applications are an e&ample .for 2etter particulars0;%Issue$1 document issued 2y t#e court "#en it proceeds from t#at court3Parties do most of t#e "ritin! up of documents rat#er t#an t#e court3R(I) University Slide 5Discussion points%'ud!ment3Court-s final decision on plaintiff-s claim for relief3 (ay 2e enforcea2le for up to 67 years3%(aster3'udicial Officer3(asters vested "it# certain of t#e court-s po"ers3In Victoria t#e Senior (aster is a 8udicial mem2er of t#e Court3 9e is responsi2le for t#e administration of t#e Office and t#e performance of its functions3One e&ample is #oldin! money paid into t#e court3% (otion31n application for an order is made 2y motion3 .(otion for costs a motion for !uilt or innocence of t#e party after a 8ury verdict30 %Order31n order is a court command ot#er t#an final 8ud!ment3R(I) University Slide 7Discussion points%Ori!inatin! process31ny document t#at commences t#e plaintiff-s case3%Prot#onotary3Court-s c#ief re!istrar t#e person in c#ar!e of court re!isters and filin! systems3 Victoria #as a Prot#onotary office3%Re!istrar3Court "ill #ave a re!istrar in eac# split system3%Statement of Claim3P-s pleadin!s settin! nature of P-s case and relief claimed R(I) University Slide :Discussion points%Summons3Issued 2y court summonin! t#e addressee to attend court proceedin!s or suffer sanction3%*rit3Document issued out of court re!istry t#at addressee eit#er do somet#in! or suffer conse/uences in default3*rits mi!#t start an action .ori!inatin! "rits0; "rits to compel court attendance .su2poenas03%*rit is t#e necessary ve#icle to !et t#e process rollin!3)rial Divisional 1llocation .Order 503*rit "ill #ave Statement of Claim or Endorsement of Statement of Claim3%)#e "rit must 2e served "it#in 6 year of it 2ein! filed3R(I) University Slide ;ScenarioIn Monty Python and the Holy Grail medieval villa!ers 2rin! a "oman to Sir ordeal? of t#e civil trial "e put liti!ants t#rou!# in an attempt to ac#ieve 8usticeA-'ustice 'o#n (iddleton C)#e 1ttainment of 'ustice 4 "it# particular emp#asis on t#e Federal Court- G2EE@H Fed'Sc#ol +53R(I) University Slide 62*#at of 8usticeA%E/ual protection%E/uity%Fairness%(utual a!reement%)#e 2est conse/uence .utilitarianism0%E/ual access to courts%Or is it t#e rule of t#e stron!A .see Plato-s )#rasymac#us in The epublic0R(I) University Slide 6+1ctions%Remem2er 4 t#e !oal is efficiency and 8ustice3%Is t#is !oal confusedA%It comes "it# pro2lems%)#ese are t#e t"in pillars of civil procedural reform and practice3%Io" in Victoria "#at "ould t#e process 2eA R(I) University Slide 65Reform%9o" do "e assess "#et#er a civil procedural system needs reformA)#is is "#ere 8ustice is important%Does t#e system do 8usticeACommon la" ma&im and imperative$ Ct#at 8ustice s#ould not only 2e done 2ut s#ould manifestly and undou2tedly 2e seen to 2e done- . v !usse" #ustices$ %" parte Mc&arthy G6B25H 6 J< 27:Reform%Cost of liti!ation;%)ime needed to resolve disputes;%1ccuracy "it# "#ic# t#e system finds t#e facts and applies t#e la"3%)#ese criteria may sometimes conflict3%1s "e said last "ee=$ t#e 1ustralian civil 8ustice system "as said to 2e in crisis in t#e 6B@Es3%C#aracteriDed 2y delays #i!# cost of #earin!s and liti!ation3R(I) University Slide 6:1ctions%Re!ardin! mana!ement in Victoria t#ere is a controlled special list t#at operated for t#e Supreme Court3.Intellectual property 2uildin! admiralty commercial matters ta&ation and ma8or torts must fall "it#in t#ese lists0%'ud!e,in,c#ar!e of lists !ives direction to parties from early sta!es of eac# proceedin! to t#eir list3R(I) University Slide 6;1ctions%Lists form part of t#e )rial Division of t#e SC of Victoria3%Division divided into t#ree divisions$ Commercial and E/uity Criminal La" and Common La"3)#is is pro2a2ly !oin! to fit into a criminal list3R(I) University Slide 6@OVERVIE*%1dversarial systems 4 a mi& in 1ustralia%Offers of compromise%Calder2an= offers1dversarial system%Defined adversarial system as one "#ere proceedin!s are conducted 2efore an impartial 8ud!e or ad8udicator to determine a dispute .t#e 8ud!e 2ein! passive in t#e matter a neutral umpire0;%On t#e 2asis of information provided 2y t#e parties;1dversarial system%Parties #avin! primary responsi2ility for definin! t#e issues in dispute t#rou!# formalities suc# as pleadin!s and particulars;%Parties also 2ein! responsi2le for pus#in! t#e proceedin!s3%*#ile only referrin! to resolution of disputes in t#e court system t#rou!# trial it #as 2roader effects in society3R(I) University Slide 261dversarial system%)#e parties s/uare off a!ainst eac# ot#er over positions t#at are separate and distinct from t#e decision ma=er .8ud!e or 8ury0;%)#e decision ma=er is meant to 2e free from 2ias .a!ain "#et#er t#e 8ury or t#e 8ud!e0;%)#e fact,finder is to 2e uninvolved "it# t#e presentation of t#e ar!uments3*#y "ould t#is 2eA)o prevent t#e arrival at premature decisions3R(I) University Slide 221dversarial system .ctd0%)#e civil la" systems employ t#e in/uisitorial met#od "#ere t#e 8ud!e assumes an investi!ative role intervie"in! "itnesses and comin! to a decision;%)#ose supportin! t#e adversarial system ar!ue t#e trut# emer!es after t#e contest3In actual fact trut# is ancillary in t#e adversarial system to t#e issue of fairness31dversarial system%9ave t#e parties 2een !iven a fair c#ance to put t#eir caseA)o 2e representedA1ccess to resourcesA)#e European court "ill #unt for t#e trut#; t#e 1n!lo,1merican court for t#e process of fairness3)#e court-s role is merely to decide "#at is put 2efore t#em in t#e cases3R(I) University Slide 251dversarial system .ctd0%Defenders of adversarial 8ustice 2elieve t#at t#e process is democratic for allo"in! parties to define and control t#e dispute3%Parties may "ell 2rin! into evidence in suc# a process t#at Ca dispassionate in/uiry- mi!#t overloo=$ '3 Fran= &ourts on Trial' Myth and eality in (merican #ustice .Princeton 6B5B03R(I) University Slide 271dversarial system%