32391897 2 Month Training at BSNL

8/3/2019 32391897 2 Month Training at BSNL

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CONTENTS:INTRODUCTION TO BSNL SERVICES STRUCTURE OF EXCHANGE 5ESS SECTION (PILOT SOFTWARE) BROADBAND SECTION(DSLAM) OFC MAINTENENCE SECTION DOTSOFT MOBILE SECTION 3G TECHNOLOGY CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION TO BSNLToday BSNL is the no. 1 telecommunication company and the largest public sectorundertaking of India & its responsibilities includes expansion of telecom services in all villages and installing confidence among customers. Its new services includes: INTERNET, ISDN, IN (INTELLIGENT NETWORK), GSM and WLL (WIRELESS IN LOCAL LOOP) services etc.


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SERVICESBasic Telephone Services The Plain old, countrywide telephone services through 32000 electronic exchanges. Digitalized Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)with a host of Phone Plus value additions. Data One Broadband BSNL launched DataOne broadband service in January 2005. The service is being provided on existing copper infrastructure on ADSL2 technology. Subsequently, other services such as Multicasting, Video Conferencing, Video on Demand, Broadcast application will

be added.


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CONTDISDN Integrated Service Digital Network Service of BSNL provides high speed andhigh quality voice, data and image transfer over the same line. It can also facilitate high quality video conferencing. B (bearer) channel 64 kbps channel D (delta) channel 16kbps or 64kbps channel


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CONTD..Cell One Cellular Mobile Service Cell One provides all the services like MMS, GPRS, voice mail, E-mail, Short Message Service (SMS) both national and international. Cell one offers all India Roaming facility to both prepaid and post paid customers. Wireless in Local Loop This is a communication system that connects customers to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using radio frequency signals as a substitute for conventional wires for all or part of the connection be

tween the subscribers and the telephone exchange.


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STRUCTURE OF EXCHANGE


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OMC ROOMIn the OMC Room there are: (a) HARD DISK All the details are stored in it like Meter readings Subscriber details (b) TAPE DRIVES On the Tape Drives we have allthe data such as: -

The details of the subscribers Their Meter Readings etc.


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ETMThis is the Interpreter or the translator which converts the Source Code into the Binary Code which the Electronic circuits deal in. The Temperature control ofthe OMC Room is a must as the ETM upon heating may function improperly.


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EXPLOITATION ROOMThis is the Room from where all the changes are made. In this room we have Teletypewriters(TTY) on which we receive all the alarms Teletypewriters consist of: VDU (Visual Display Unit) Keyboard CPU (Central Processing Unit) To the teletypewriters printers are attached and all the commands that executed are printed sideby side. The Routine Testing of Circuits and Connectivity is done from these teletypewriters.


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MDF ROOMThis is the Interface between Subscriber and the Exchange. The wires from the Exchange reach the MDF and from the MDF they are sent to the Subscriber with the help of the Underground Jumper Cables. The excess Voltage (if any) in the Line isremoved with the help of the GAS DISCHARGE TUBES


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MDF ROOM


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WIRING SYSTEM

EXCHANGE SIDE

LINE SIDE


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5ESS INTRODUCTIONThe 5ESS-2000 Switch has 3 major types of equipped modules: SM/SM-2000 (Switching Module), CM (Communication Module) and AM (Administration Module). Each moduleperforms assigned functions that contribute to the total operation of the 5ESSS-2000 Switch. A soft switch is a central device in telephone network, which connects calls from one phone line to another, entirely by means of software runningon computer system.


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STRUCTURE OF 5ESS

DSCH NCT NCT

LINES

NCT

LINES

LINES


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SWITCHING MODULE(SM-2000)Performs almost 95% of the call processing and maintenance functions including Call routing. Circuit switching. Packet switching. Announcements Routine maintenance and selfmaintenance. Call waiting Call diversion. Conference calls


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COMMUNICATION MODULE(CM)The CM serves as the hub (focal point) for all intermodule communication in a 5ESS-switch. CM Functions: Call switching: The CM inter connects the path betweenswitching modules to complete telephone calls and to relay data. Network timing:The CM provides accurate timing and synchronization for the 5ESS-switch. The AMis connected to CM by the DSCH (Dual Serial Channel) bus.


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ADMINISTRATION MODULE(AM)In the 5ESS-switch, the AM is a switch equipment module, which has the overall control of the entire 5ESS-switch. The AM controls the CM and communicates with all the SMs through the CM. The AM monitors itself and the CM for malfunctions.


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CALL PROCESSINGDuring a line-to-line call, the originating SM detects when a subscribers telephone receiver has been picked up and the originating SM provides a dial tone and removes dial tone when the first digit is dialed. It then, collects and analysisthe dialed digits. Next, the SM sends a request to AM for a call path. The terminating SM locates the subscriber line for the line-to-line call and provides ringing. When AM has selected and available path, it alerts the CM to set up a link

between the SMs. Originating SM sends a request to the AM for call path and AMselect the available path. CM provides call paths between SMs and carries all internal system communications.


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CALL STAGES


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5ESS SWITCH APPLICATIONSLocal exchange: to establish a call between two subscribers.


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CONTD..Toll exchange: A Toll exchange connects a local exchange to another Local exchange or to a gateway exchange.


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CONTD..Gateway exchange: There is one international network consisting of interconnectedgate exchanges. Each country in this network has its own gateway exchange an international toll exchange. International calls enter and leave the country fromthis gateway exchange.


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DSLAM


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DEFINITION OF DSLAM- A DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a network device, usually at a telephone company central office. It receives signals from multiple customer Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections and puts the signals on a high-speed backbone line using multiplexing techniques. Depending on the product, DSLAM multiplexers connect DSL lines with some combination of asynchronous transfermode (ATM), frame relay, or Internet Protocol networks. DSLAM enables a phone co

mpany to offer business or home users the fastest phone line technology (DSL) with the fastest backbone network technology (ATM).


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PATH TAKEN BY DATA TO DSLAMResidential/commercial source: DSL modem plugged into the customer

s computer. Local loop: the telephone company wires from a customer to the telephone company

s central office, often called the "last mile". DSLAM: a device for DSL service.Sending on the customer or downstream side, it intermixes voice traffic and VDSL traffic on the customer

s DSL line. Receiving on that side, it accepts and separates outgoing phone and data signals from the customer. It directs the data si

gnals upstream to the appropriate carrier

s network, and the phone signals to the voice switch.


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SPEED VS DISTANCEBalanced pair cable has higher attenuation at higher frequencies, hence the longer the wire between DSLAM and subscriber, the slower the maximum possible data rate. 25 Mbit/s at 1,000 feet (~300 m) 24 Mbit/s at 2,000 feet (~600 m) 23 Mbit/sat 3,000 feet (~900 m) 22 Mbit/s at 4,000 feet (~1.2 km) 21 Mbit/s at 5,000 feet (~1.5 km or ~.95 miles) 19 Mbit/s at 6,000 feet (~1.8 km or ~1.14 miles) 16 Mbit/s at 7,000 feet (~2.1 km or ~1.33 miles) 1.5 Mbit/s at 15,000 feet (4.5 km or

~2.8 miles) 800 kbit/s at 17,000 feet (~5.2 km or ~3.2 miles).


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IP DSLAMIP-DSLAM stands for Internet Protocol Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. Traditional 20th century DSLAM used Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology to connect to upstream ATM routers/switches. These devices then extract the IPtraffic and pass it on to an IP network. IP-DSLAMs extract the IP traffic at the DSLAM itself. Thus it is all IP from there. Advantage of IP-DSLAM over a traditional ATM DSLAM is in terms of lower capital expenditure and operational expend

iture and a richer set of features and functionality.


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NETWORKING USING IP DSLAM


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OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATIONTHIS SECTION HAS NOT ANY IMPORTANCE FOR REST OF THE EXCHANGE. IT IS INCLUDED TOCONNECT TWO EXCHANGES WITH EACH OTHER USING OPTICAL FIBRES. IT IS ALSO CALLED NORTHERN TELECOM REGION( NTR SECTION).

OPTICAL FIBRE IS USED IN THIS SECTION BECAUSE OF SECURITY ADVANTAGES.

THE ONE BOX OF THIS SECTION CONSISTS OF 63 PORTS EACH GIVING 2Mbps, THUS A TOTALOF 126 BUT NORMALLY 155 Mbps IS OBTAINED BETWEEN THE TWO EXCHANGES.


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OF PRINCIPLE


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FIBRE OFFERS FOLLWING ADVANTAGESLOW ATTENUATION. NO EAVESDROPPING. SUITABLE BANDWIDTH. FIBRE IS LIGHTER, SMALLERIN DIAMETER. SINCE THE SIGNAL IS NOT ELECTRICAL SO NO PROBLEM WITH ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE. FIBRE SYSTEM IS USEFUL IN ROUGH ENVIRONMENTS WHERE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS MIGHT CAUSE SPARKS.


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DOTSOFTDOTSOFT is the main software which is installed at every BSNL exchange. DOTSOFTdepartment has full access to the whole software. This software is developed athyderabad and current version is 2 and it is being continuously updated by the developers. This is very sophisticated and complex system. It has computerized each and every activity of the departments so it is a very large and complex software. It has many modules like :


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DOTSOFT Commercial module Billing module Enquiry module etc. Each module is very complexin itself. Telephone registration, telephone allotment, telephone bill generation, automatic wait list generation etc. all are computerized by this software. Now online bill payment is also the part of this software.


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DOTSOFT ADVANTAGEThere are lot of enquiries, reports which enable the staff to give full information to subscriber from a remote location. This is the only package implemented throughout the BSNL to serve the public. Any change in the rule by DOT is being implemented immediately without any delay.


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IMPLEMENTATION OF DOTSOFTPlanning of networking and hardware requirements. Planning nodes in different locations for network cabling. Installing the server with unix and Oracle databaseserver. Loading of the windows XP, developer2000 ( run versions only ), application softwares at the central location and shift them later to the node points. Configure the nodes with network address.


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BTS 1

BTS 3

BTS 2


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GSM-900 System Specifications

Frequency Range : 890 MHz to 915 MHz for Uplink 935 MHz to 960 MHz for Downlink. Uses TDM / TDMA technology for Downlink / Uplink. 124 Reusable Spot frequenciesof 200 kHz bandwidth each. Each Spot Frequency carries 8 Time slots for Traffic/Signalling. Separate Logical Signalling & Traffic channels. Normally 1 Time slot is used for signalling and 7 for Traffic.


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Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Station consist of two units Mobile Hand set Subscriber Identity Module

Mobile Hand set is one of the most complicated GSM device. It provides user theaccess to the Network. Each handset has unique identity no. called IMEI.

SIM is a removable module goes into the mobile handset. Each SIM has unique number called International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). It has built in Micro-computer & memory into it.


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CDMA ConceptsShannons Theorem for Channel capacity C= B log2 ( 1 + C=channel S/N ) capacity B=channel For the same channel bandwidth capacity, S/N=Signal to noise Spreading the ratio signal to wider bandwidth enables to tolerate higher amount of noise (interference ) in the system.


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CDMA ConceptsSince system can tolerate higher amount of noise adjacent cells use the same frequency.

There is no frequency planning is involved in CDMA systems.

Each cell/sector uses the same frequency.


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CDMA ConceptsMagic of CDMA

NON CDMA

CDMA


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Mobile Data Technologies HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data GSM Phase 2+ service (2.5 G) Using Multiple Time slots 14.4 Kbps to 57.6 Kbps

GPRS EDGE UMTS


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Mobile Data Technologies HSCSD GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Phase 2+ service (2.5G) GPRS : Phase 1 & 2 From9.05 Kbps to 171.2 Kbps

EDGE UMTS


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Mobile Data Technologies HSCSD GPRS EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (2.75 G) 14.4/28 Kbps to 384/512 Kbps EGPRS

UMTS


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Mobile Data Technologies HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 3G standard Using W-CDMA technology Data rates up to 2 Mbps


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GPRS efficiently utilize the network

Idle Mode GPRS Detached

Stand By Ready Data is being Registered Transfer but data not transferring


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Road Map of Mobile Data Communications 2GT E C H N O L O G Y

2.5G

3G 3G EDGE GPRS

HSCSD 9.6 Kb/s1999 2000 2001 - 2002

TIME


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3G FEATURESThe most significant feature offered by third generation (3G) mobile technologies is the capacity to support greater numbers of voice and data customers as wellas higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G. 3G uses 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity compared with 2G networks. It also allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobilesystems and 2Mbps for stationary systems.


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CONTDHIGH SPEED Speeds of up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achieved with ThirdGeneration (3G). The data transmission rates will depend upon the environment the call is being made. Third Generation (3G) offers several new applications ranging from Web Browsing to file transfer to Home Automation- the ability to remotely access and control in-house appliances and machines. Because of the bandwidthincrease, these applications will be even more easily available with 3G than th

ey were previously with interim technologies such as GPRS.


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CONTDSERVICE ACCESS To use Third Generation (3G), users specifically need: A mobile phone or terminal that supports Third Generation (3G) A subscription to a mobiletelephone network that supports Third Generation (3G)


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CONTD..Advantages of 3G3G will offer much higher bandwidth than 2G networks, with a maximum potential of 2Mbps. Second, 3G network connections will be "always on" connection enablingpush-style applications such as e-mail , calendar updates, news alerts, and instant messaging. Lastly, 3G is a packet-switched technology for both voice and data.


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CONTD..IssuesAlthough 3G was successfully introduced to users across the world, some issues are debated by 3G providers and users:

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses & agreements Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-i

n by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services Lack of coverage, becauseit is still a new service High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access. Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-held device


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The TodayBasic Landline Broadband Mobile (GSM & CDMA) BD/LL/Corporate NW Value Added services


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The TomorrowNumber portability 3G and beyond (iphone, Blackberry etc) All optical N/W (EPON & GEPON) Total solution


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The Future -

Digital Home Connected through Online Network FTTHIP TV PC Purchase

Internet

DVR

Video Surveillance Music Downloads Residential Gateway i.e. ONU

PSTN

O L TCentral OfficeStorage Servers

PON

Providers IP BackboneHigh Speed Internet

NASSensors & Detectors

Video Servers

Lap Top Telephony

Instant Messaging, P2P Online Gaming Voice, Video & File Sharing


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MOBILE COMMUNICATION THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARDINTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT2000)

IMT

A

FUTURE STANDARD IN

WHICH A

SINGLE INEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONS ANY TIME AND ANY WHERE.


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THANK YOU !


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32391897 2 Month Training at BSNL

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