32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both...

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32 32 P Module P Module Objectives Objectives To understand the physical nature of To understand the physical nature of 32 32 P. P. To understand the To understand the 32 32 P is both and P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. internal and external radiation hazard. To understand the need to utilize To understand the need to utilize shielding. shielding. To recognize that special procedures To recognize that special procedures and protective measures are required and protective measures are required when using activities greater than 1.0 when using activities greater than 1.0 mCi. mCi.

Transcript of 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both...

Page 1: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

3232P ModuleP Module

ObjectivesObjectives To understand the physical nature of To understand the physical nature of 3232P.P. To understand the To understand the 3232P is both and internal P is both and internal

and external radiation hazard.and external radiation hazard. To understand the need to utilize To understand the need to utilize

shielding.shielding. To recognize that special procedures and To recognize that special procedures and

protective measures are required when protective measures are required when using activities greater than 1.0 mCi.using activities greater than 1.0 mCi.

Page 2: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopes Phosphorus ( Phosphorus (3232P)P)

The half life of The half life of 3232P is 14 daysP is 14 days The Maximum beta energy is 1.7 MeV.The Maximum beta energy is 1.7 MeV. The Average beta energy is 0.6 Mev or 600 keV.The Average beta energy is 0.6 Mev or 600 keV. 3232P is one of the most energetic beta emitters. P is one of the most energetic beta emitters. It is a pure beta emitterIt is a pure beta emitter The number of betas emitted per second = The number of betas emitted per second =

Number of decays per second (for 1 mCi, 3.7 x Number of decays per second (for 1 mCi, 3.7 x 101077 betas emitted per second) betas emitted per second)

Page 3: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopesPhosphorus (Phosphorus (3232P)P)

Annual limit of intake via inhalation is 0.6 Annual limit of intake via inhalation is 0.6 mCi (600mCi (600Ci). (this means that a total Ci). (this means that a total burden in the body of 0.6 mCi from burden in the body of 0.6 mCi from ingestion alone will give a 5 Rem dose).ingestion alone will give a 5 Rem dose).

Annual limit of intake via ingestion is 0.4 Annual limit of intake via ingestion is 0.4 mCi (400 mCi (400 Ci). (this means that a total Ci). (this means that a total burden in the body from the lungs alone of burden in the body from the lungs alone of 0.4 mCi will give a 5 Rem dose).0.4 mCi will give a 5 Rem dose).

Page 4: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopesPhosphorus (Phosphorus (3232P)P)

Uptakes of phosphorus are assumed to be retained with a biological half-life of 0.5 days(*). Of this phosphorus:

15% is rapidly excreted, 15% is retained in intracellular fluids with a biological

half-life of 2 days; 40% is retained in soft tissue with a biological half-life

of 19 days; and 30% retained permanently in mineral bone where 32P

is reduced by radioactive decay(*).

* ICRP Publication 30, Part 2, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides byWorkers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.

Page 5: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopesPhosphorus (Phosphorus (3232P)P)

Dose to skin (Rem per hour)( cmDose to skin (Rem per hour)( cm2 2 per per uuCi) Ci) is:is: 6.03 Rem cm6.03 Rem cm22 /hr /hr uuCi for bare skin Ci for bare skin (ex. 10 (ex. 10 uuCi over 2 cmCi over 2 cm22 of bare skin would give of bare skin would give

a dose rate of [6.03][10/2] = 30.015 Rem/hr.a dose rate of [6.03][10/2] = 30.015 Rem/hr. 4.7 Rem cm4.7 Rem cm22 /hr /hr uuCi to the skin if the Ci to the skin if the

contamination is on a glove.contamination is on a glove. 2.9 Rem cm2.9 Rem cm22 /hr /hr uuCi to the skin if the Ci to the skin if the

contamination is on the lab coat sleeve.contamination is on the lab coat sleeve.

Remember, your Remember, your AnnualAnnual allowed skin dose is 50 Rem allowed skin dose is 50 Rem

Page 6: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopes Phosphorus ( Phosphorus (3232P)P)

Contamination is controlled and surveyed by Contamination is controlled and surveyed by geiger counter.geiger counter.

CanCan be detected with a Geiger Counter at ~ be detected with a Geiger Counter at ~ 80% efficiency ( 8 in 10 betas are detected).80% efficiency ( 8 in 10 betas are detected).

For For 3232P, the liquid scintillation counter has a P, the liquid scintillation counter has a maximum efficiency of ~ 99%.maximum efficiency of ~ 99%.

Due to the “Bremstralung effect” of the betas, Due to the “Bremstralung effect” of the betas, scintillation fluid is not necessary to detect scintillation fluid is not necessary to detect 3232P in P in a liquid scintillation counter though the efficiency a liquid scintillation counter though the efficiency will be low and it will show up in the tritium will be low and it will show up in the tritium channel.channel.

Page 7: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopes Phosphorus ( Phosphorus (3232P)P)

PPE consists of:PPE consists of: Plastic beta shieldsPlastic beta shields Lab coatLab coat Safety glasses/splash gogglesSafety glasses/splash goggles GlovesGloves Closed to shoesClosed to shoes Long pantsLong pants

Page 8: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

IsotopesIsotopesPhosphorus (Phosphorus (3232P)P)

When using When using 3232P in activities of greater P in activities of greater than 1.0 mCi, you must use:than 1.0 mCi, you must use: Plexiglass/plastic “Beta Shields” for Plexiglass/plastic “Beta Shields” for

protection.protection. Safety glasses, Safety glasses, Tongs,Tongs, Ring dosimeters and Ring dosimeters and Wrist badgesWrist badges

Page 9: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Detecting and Measuring RadiationDetecting and Measuring Radiation InstrumentsInstruments

GM Survey Meter (Geiger counter)GM Survey Meter (Geiger counter) Measure exposure rate - Ion ChamberMeasure exposure rate - Ion Chamber

Personal Dosimeters - measure doses to staffPersonal Dosimeters - measure doses to staff Radiation Badge - Film/TLDRadiation Badge - Film/TLD Self reading dosimeter Self reading dosimeter

(analog & digital) (analog & digital)

Page 10: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Body Badge Location

Between Neck and WaistBetween Neck and WaistClosest to Source of RadiationClosest to Source of Radiation

SourceBadge

Page 11: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Ring Badge LocationRing Badge LocationYour Ring Badge will come Your Ring Badge will come with your name on it. Wear with your name on it. Wear the badge with the name the badge with the name plate facing the source of plate facing the source of radiation.radiation.

Page 12: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

The Contamination SurveyThe Contamination Survey

Perform a quick GM Perform a quick GM counter survey at least counter survey at least every every 10 minutes10 minutes during a procedure. You during a procedure. You should check:should check:

GlovesGloves

work surfacework surface

Instruments handledInstruments handled

Page 13: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Final Contamination SurveyFinal Contamination SurveyPerform a thorough GM counter survey immediately Perform a thorough GM counter survey immediately upon finishing a procedure. You should check:upon finishing a procedure. You should check:

GlovesGloves

work surfacework surface

Instruments handlesInstruments handles

the floor around the work areathe floor around the work area

Page 14: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Final Contamination SurveyFinal Contamination Survey (cont.) (cont.)

Regular trash Regular trash containerscontainers

Radioactive waste Radioactive waste container lidscontainer lids

anything that was anything that was touched during the touched during the procedureprocedure

personal items (phone, personal items (phone, notebook, pens, etc.)notebook, pens, etc.)

Page 15: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Please answer the following questions as Please answer the following questions as best you can. Once you have answered best you can. Once you have answered them all correctly, please document your them all correctly, please document your name, date and the answer code on your name, date and the answer code on your

lab’s training form.lab’s training form.

Thank you…Thank you…

Page 16: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS(Select the best answer below using the mouse)(Select the best answer below using the mouse)

When should you survey for When should you survey for 3232P P contamination?contamination?

AA. Before working with the isotope and then when . Before working with the isotope and then when you are finished.you are finished.

BB.. Once you are through working with the stock Once you are through working with the stock vial and after the procedure is finished.vial and after the procedure is finished.

CC. Every ten minutes throughout the procedure . Every ten minutes throughout the procedure and a thorough survey once you are complete.and a thorough survey once you are complete.

DD. Never, since . Never, since 3232P is so easily detected.P is so easily detected.

Page 17: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

CORRECTCORRECT

Use the Geiger counter to survey Use the Geiger counter to survey your workspace and equipment your workspace and equipment every 10 minutes and perform a every 10 minutes and perform a thorough survey after completing thorough survey after completing the procedure. the procedure.

Page 18: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS(Select the best answer below using the mouse)(Select the best answer below using the mouse)

When using greater than 1.0 mCi, what When using greater than 1.0 mCi, what additional safety devices are required?additional safety devices are required?

AA Lab Coat Lab Coat

BB Properly selected glove Properly selected glove

CC Tongs or a similar remote handling Tongs or a similar remote handling

devicedevice

DD Shielding Shielding

Page 19: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

CORRECTCORRECT Due to the high energy of the Due to the high energy of the 3232P beta P beta

particles, remote handling devices are particles, remote handling devices are required to protect the skin. required to protect the skin. Remember, 1.0 mCi spilled on the Remember, 1.0 mCi spilled on the skin will give a dose rate of 6000 skin will give a dose rate of 6000 Rem/hr per cm Rem/hr per cm 22..

Page 20: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS(Select the best answer below using the mouse)(Select the best answer below using the mouse)

The Following is prohibited in isotope The Following is prohibited in isotope laboratorieslaboratories

AA. Eating. Eating

BB.. DrinkingDrinking

CC. Smoking. Smoking

D. All of the aboveD. All of the above

Page 21: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

CORRECTCORRECT

This should be obvious!!!!!This should be obvious!!!!!

Page 22: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS(Select the best answer below using the mouse)(Select the best answer below using the mouse)

What is the annual limit of intake by What is the annual limit of intake by inhalation for inhalation for 3232P?P?

A. 6.0 mCiA. 6.0 mCi

B.B. 6.0 6.0 CiCi

C. 60 C. 60 CiCi

D. 600 D. 600 CiCi

Page 23: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

CORRECTCORRECT

Ingestion of 0.60 mCi will give Ingestion of 0.60 mCi will give a total effective whole body a total effective whole body dose of 5 Rem.dose of 5 Rem.

Page 24: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

DOCUMENTING TRAININGDOCUMENTING TRAINING

Please sign and date the training form Please sign and date the training form and click on the letter that indicates the and click on the letter that indicates the first letter of your last name (ie. Farina is first letter of your last name (ie. Farina is AA))

A. A - FA. A - F

B.B. G - L G - L

C. M - RC. M - R

D. S - ZD. S - Z

Page 25: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Questions ???If you have any questions while reading the Radiation Safety ProceduresIf you have any questions while reading the Radiation Safety Procedures

Please Feel Free to Please Feel Free to Contact: Contact:

The Radiation Safety The Radiation Safety OfficeOfficeDepartment of Safety & Risk ManagementDepartment of Safety & Risk Management

Georgia State UniversityGeorgia State University

1111thth Floor Floor

34 Broad Street34 Broad Street

Atlanta, Georgia 30303Atlanta, Georgia 30303

413-3540413-3540

Page 26: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

INCORRECTINCORRECT

PLEASE TRY AGAINPLEASE TRY AGAIN

Return to questionReturn to question

Page 27: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

INCORRECTINCORRECTThis is mandatory equipment for This is mandatory equipment for

all radioisotope use.all radioisotope use.

PLEASE TRY AGAINPLEASE TRY AGAINReturn to questionReturn to question

Page 28: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

CORRECTCORRECT

BUTBUT

PLEASE TRY AGAINPLEASE TRY AGAIN

Return to questionReturn to question

Page 29: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Place the number 5 in the Place the number 5 in the last column after your last column after your

signature & Datesignature & Date

Thank you…..Thank you…..

Page 30: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

INCORRECTINCORRECT

PLEASE TRY AGAINPLEASE TRY AGAIN

Return to questionReturn to question

Page 31: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Place the number 1 in the Place the number 1 in the last column after your last column after your

signature & Datesignature & Date

Finish TrainingFinish Training

Page 32: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Place the number 8 in the Place the number 8 in the last column after your last column after your

signature & Datesignature & Date

Finish TrainingFinish Training

Page 33: 32 P Module Objectives To understand the physical nature of 32 P. To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard. To understand.

Place the number 6 in the Place the number 6 in the last column after your last column after your

signature & Datesignature & Date

Finish TrainingFinish Training


Lecture 17 Electricity (chapters 26-32) - University Of … 17 Electricity (chapters 26-32) • Introduction: charge model • Charges at microscopic level • understand insulators,

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