3.1.2 MOVEMENT ANALYSIS - Bexhill High Academy 1 2 1 - Lever Systems a… · AQA GCSE Physical...
Transcript of 3.1.2 MOVEMENT ANALYSIS - Bexhill High Academy 1 2 1 - Lever Systems a… · AQA GCSE Physical...
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
3.1.2 – MOVEMENT ANALYSIS 3.1.1.1 – Levers
Mechanical Advantage
Wednesday, 28 February 2018
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
starter 1. Stick in your Assessment
Grids from last lesson. NOT FOLDED
2. Fill out the score underneath the “start” of the lesson
3. Correct any missing/incorrect answers in green pen
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Start = %
End = %
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Learning objectives
• To be able to explain the mechanical advantage
of each lever and related movements.
• To understand the 3 different lever class systems
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Whiteboards
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• Using the whiteboards you have been
provided you need to answer the
questions.
• When you have written your answer put
your pen down and wait for the
instruction to show.
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
1.
Draw a linear diagram of a 1st Class Lever
System
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Effort
Lever Arm
Load
Fulcrum
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
2.
Draw a linear diagram of a 2nd Class Lever
System
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Fulcrum
Lever Arm
Load
Effort
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
3.
Draw a linear diagram of a 3rd Class Lever
System
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Fulcrum Effort
Lever Arm
Load
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
4.
Which lever system is being used in picture
below?
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
5.
Which lever system is being used in picture
below?
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
6.
Which lever system is being used in picture
below?
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Mechanical advantage
The relative efficiency of each of the lever systems
is called the ‘mechanical advantage’.
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Fulcrum
Effort
Lever Arm
Load
How can the 1st class lever below be adjusted to increase or change how high the load can be propelled?
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Mechanical advantage
The efficiency of a working lever, calculated by:
effort ÷ weight (resistance) arm
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Mechanical advantage
The body‟s levers can be made even more
effective by using rackets, oars, paddles, sticks
and bats.
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Mechanical advantage
These pieces of equipment increase the length of
the resistance arm of the lever. This in turn
increases the speed at the end of the lever.
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AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Effects of a lever on the human body
The extent to which a lever can increase speed
depends upon the relative lengths of the
resistance arm (RA) and effort arm (EA).
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Fulcrum
Effort
Lever Arm
Load
Resistance
Arm (RA)
Effort Arm
(EA)
RA - Part of
the lever
between the
fulcrum & the
load
EA – Part
of the lever
between
the fulcrum
& the effort
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Resistance arm
The resistance arm (RA) is the part of the lever
between the fulcrum and the resistance.
The longer the resistance arm, the greater speed
can be generated.
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Resistance
Arm (RA)
Fulcrum
Effort
Lever Arm
Load
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Effort arm
The effort arm (EA) is the distance between the
fulcrum and the effort; the longer the effort arm the
more force can be generated
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Effort Arm
(EA)
Fulcrum
Effort
Lever Arm
Load
Sporting implements are often used
such as rackets or bats to increase
the length of the effort arm which will
increase the force that an object such
as a ball is struck.
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Effort arm However the optimal length of an implement should be
determined by the strength of the person handling.
e.g. junior tennis rackets have been designed for this
purpose.
Wednesday, 28 February 2018
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Mechanical disadvantage
Most levers in the body are third class levers
where the resistance arm is always greater than
the effort arm (mechanical disadvantage).
The longer the resistance arm of the lever, the
greater the speed at the end of it.
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So when bowling or passing a
ball the performers arm should
be fully extended to generate
the most force and with the
greatest speed.
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Exam questions and resources
Wednesday, 28 February 2018
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Label the following levers components.
Describe the 3 levers in the body (use diagrams to help
illustrate your answer)
Explain the term „mechanical advantage‟
Which class of lever always has a mechanical
disadvantage?
Levers and mechanical advantage
Apply it! What has stuck with you?
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Exam questions
1. Which one of the following describes a second class lever system?
(1)
A The load is at the right-hand end of the lever
B The fulcrum is in the middle of the lever
C The load is in the middle of the lever
D The load and the fulcrum are at the same point on the lever
2. Label the lever system below (4)
Lever class = _______________________
Practice it!
___________
___________
___________
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Exam questions
3. Which one of these shows how to calculate the
mechanical advantage of a lever?
(1)
A Effort arm x weight (resistance) arm
B Effort arm † weight (resistance) arm
C Effort arm + weight (resistance) arm
D Effort arm - weight (resistance) arm
Practice it!
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Exam questions
4. Analyse how the following parts of the lever system
allow the weight trainer in Figure 5 to lift the weight.
Practice it!
(i) Fulcrum (2)
(ii) Effort (2)
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Exam questions
5. Figure 4 shows a basketball player jumping to execute a
shot. Draw the lever system which operates at the ankle
joint in the space below. Label the fulcrum, effort and load.
(1)
Practice it!
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Marks Scheme:
1. C
2. i) Third class lever
3. B
4. One mark for linking bone or muscle to component of
lever system and one mark for linking this to its use in
the biceps curl to lift the weight. For example:
Fulcrum – elbow is the fulcrum (1) which allows the
arm to bend/flex (1) Effort – biceps muscle provide
the effort (1) which allows the weight lifter to lift the
weight (1)
Practice it! Load
Effort
Fulcrum
AQA GCSE Physical Education 3.1.2 – Movement Analysis
Marks Scheme:
5. Award one mark for labelling the effort, load /
resistance and fulcrum in the correct order.
Practice it!