3.1 Organ Systems

Page 164-165

Cells

• There are over 300 different kinds of cells in the human body www.nature.com

Cell specialization

1. The contents of the cytoplasmnature.com

Cell specialization

2. Environmental conditions:-temperature-nutrients present/absent dogs-cats.wikia.com

Cell Specialization

3. The influence of neighbouring cellswww.pnas.org

Abnormal cells

• Due to environmental toxins

en.wikipedia.org

Tissues

• There are four kinds of tissues in the human body.

Tissue type #1: epithelial

• Covering protects our organs• Lines body cavities• Covers the surface of the body• Forms a barrier

epithelial

1. Skin epithelia: thin, flat cells form sheets, semi-permeable barrier

2. Columnal epithelia: columns of cells, secrete mucus, cilia, absorb materials

Tissue type #2: Connective

• Provides strength, support, protects, binds, or connects tissues

• Holds various parts of the body together• Examples: cartilage, bone, fat, blood

bone

• Calcium-hardened tissue surrounds cells

www. educationportal.com

Fat (adipose tissue)

• Large, tightly packed cells• Found under skin and around organs• Energy storage, padding and insulation

Kentsimmons.uwinnepeg.ca

Blood

• Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

• Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, chemicals, immune system

• Clots when the skin is cut

Tissue type #3: Muscle

• Sheets or bundles of muscle cells that contract to provide movement.

• Examples: smooth, cardiac, striated

Skeletal muscle

• Striated• Attaches to bone• Limbs, lower back

www.siumed.edu

Smooth muscle

• Tapered at ends• Blood vessel linings and lining internal organs• Slow, sustained contractions

kidsbrittanica.com

Cardiac Muscle

• Found in the heart

britannica.com

Tissue type #4: Nervous

• Provides communication between all body structures.

Nervous tissue

• Finger-like projections• Receive stimulus, send to brain/spinal cord,

triggers response in muscle/gland

Stem cells

• An unspecialized cell that can produce a variety of specialized cells

extremetech.com

Totipotent

• Embryonic cells can become any kind of cell

Pluripotent

• As the embryo develops the stem cells are able to give rise to less types of cells

Adult stem cells

• Produce only specific types of cellsSkin cells repair skin.

Organs

• Composed of different types of tissues that work together to carry out particular functions.

• Examples include heart, stomach, kidneys

3.2 Organs and Systems

Medical Imaging TechnologyX-rays• For hard tissue such as bone

bassendeanwellness.com

X-ray machine

• Lead blanket to protect the organs

CT or CAT scan

• 3-D x-rays• Heart Brain

CAT scan

Ultrasound

• High frequency sound waves• Real-time• Watching organ function

Ultrasound machine

• Cold jelly is applied to the body.

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

• Radio signals in a magnetic field• Bleeding of the brain in a stroke

MRI

• No metal!

Endoscopy

• Tiny camera, light, surgical instruments attached to a flexible tube

Organ System

• Organs working together with other organs with related functions or structures.

• Examples: circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system

Digestive system

• Performs the physical and chemical break-down of food

Circulatory system

• Transportation of nutrients, gases, and wastes, defense against infection.

Respiratory System

• Gas exchange

Reproductive

• Sexual reproduction

Excretory

• Removal of wastes

Muscular system

• Movement of body or body part

endocrine

• Coordination and chemical regulation of body activities.

nervous

• Response to environment, control of body activities.

Skeletal system

• 206 bones

Integumentary system

• Skin etc.