3.1 Mihail Pandrea Environmental Report

8/17/2019 3.1 Mihail Pandrea Environmental Report

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ENVIRONMENTALSTUDY – WATCHMAKER KIOSK

STUDENT:

MIHAIL PANDREASTUDENT Iw15020162:

HUMAN COMFORT – ENVIRONMENTAL

AWARENESS


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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION………………………2

REQUIRED CONDITIONS………….3

LOCAL AND MICRO CLIMATE…6

THERMAL COMFORT……………………8

VENTILATION………………………………10

LIGHTING……………………………….11

CONCLUSIONS…………………….. . 13

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………….. . . 14


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INTRODUCTION TO THE BRIEF AND THE KIOSK

I n t h e f i f t h p r o j e c t o f t h e f i r s t y e a r a n d t h e f i r s to f t h e f i r s t s e m e s t e r , t h e 3 . 1 a d a p t i o n p r o j e c t ,

I w a s g i v e n t h e t a s k o f d e s i g n i n g a 1 2 s q m

f o o t p r i n t k i o s k t h a t w i l l f i t t h e n e e d s o f a

w a t c h m a k e r . T h e b r i e f r e q u i r e d w o r k i n g w i t h

t h e s a m e s i t e w e w o r k e d o n t h e p r e v i o u s

p r o j e c t , s t a t i n g s t r i c t g u i d e l i n e s r e g a r d i n g t h e

p l o t . T h e h e i g h t m u s t n o t e x c e e d t h e f i r s t f l o o r

o f t h e f o r m e r b u i l d i n g a n d t h e l a y o u t o f t h e

k i o s k w a s o u t l i n e d i n t h r e e o p t i o n s t o c h o o s e f r o m , i n r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h

t h e s t r e e t / b u i l d i n g : h a l f i n - h a l f o u t , i n s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g o r o u t s i d e t h e

b u i l d i n g . T h e s i t e I w a s g i v e n i s l o c a t e d o n P i n k L a n e S t r e e t , a n a r r o ws t r e e t l o c a t e d d o w n s i d e C l a y t o n S t r e e t , b e i n g c l o s e t o t h e N e w c a s t l e

c i t y c e n t r e . T h e f o r m e r b u i l d i n g o f f e r s g e n e r o u s s p a c e o n t h e f a ç a d e ,

t h e m a i n i s s u e w a s d e l i v e r e d b y t h e s t r e e t h a v i n g a w i d t h o f o n l y

5 4 0 0 m m . T h e f i n a l l a y o u t o f m y c o n c e p t o c c u p i e d 1 4 7 0 m m o f t h e f o r m e r

p e d e s t r i a n z o n e , d e s i g n e d i n a r e c t a n g u l a r p l a n d i m e n s i o n s o f 3 0 0 0 x

4 0 0 0 m m , w i t h a c i r c u l a r f a ç a d e w i t h t h e h e i g h t o f 3 1 0 0 m m .

The c l ien t needs a re to be fu l f i l l ed so the k iosk mus t have a se l l i ng

po in t , a s to rage a rea, exh ib i t ion po in t s / she lves and an

of f ice/workp lace fo r the watchmaker , a l l i n 12sqm footp r in t

bu i ld ing . The s t reet does not o f f e r p roper natu ra l cond i t ions fo r the

j ob of watchmaker to be pract iced, la ck ing i n natu ra l l igh t , f act

that a l so in f luences ex te r io r exh ib i t ion and co lour d i s t inc t ion fo r a

potent ia l cus tomer . A sma l l p lace imp l ie s a sma l l amount o f peop le

coming at a t ime in to the space, fact that led to a concept p lan

wi th open spaces , but a t the same t ime app ly ing the b r ie f

requ i rement s regard ing pub l ic/work spaces .


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REQUIRED NVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS W IT H IN AN D ARO U N D T H E K IO S K

I n o rder to ach ieve a feas ib le des ign , and de l i ve r i t to the c l ien t ,

an a rch i tect mus t su rvey the env i ronmenta l cond i t ions o f the s i te

and th ink about the human comfor t factor s that can in f luence the

hab i ta t he i s des ign ing . In th i s contex t , the s i te has the façade

or ien tated to South -Wes t , the k iosk encounte r s over shadowing,

faces the w ind that b lows f rom the wes t s ide mos t o f the t ime,

accord ing to Windf inder .com (Windf inder , 2016) and get s natu ra l

l igh t mos t l y a t sunset .

F i g . 1

Standards :

L igh t .

A watchmaker requ i res between 650 -700 lux in o rder to ach ieve

work in deta i l . A day l igh t factor o f a t leas t 2% i s requ i red in a

normal bu i ld ing hab i ta t (2008, CIBSE)(Burberry, P. 1970). I n case of

exh ib i t ion and deta i led work (watchmaker k iosk) , a h igher leve l i s

needed. In the work ing a rea , i f the natu ra l l igh t i s not h igh enough

to supp ly the needs o f the watchmaker , a r t i f ic ia l l igh t w i l l

compensate to reach the recommended lux leve l o f 700 . S to rage

space mus t not face d i rect sun l igh t , due to the fact that chemica l

p roduct s such as : lavender o i l , d iamond pas te , a lmond o i l , u sed inpo l i sh ing quar t z c rys ta l s , and other sma l l watch p ieces , w i l l

i n te ract and dete r io ra te , some of them d i scompos ing in hazardous

chemica l e lement s . Fo r the exh ib i t ion a rea , d i rect iona l l igh t i s

requ i red , neut ra l t ype of l igh tbu lbs be ing recommended, such as

T r i -Phosphor F luorescent led o r the l igh te r va r ia t ion of Ceramic

Meta l Ha l ide , so the cus tomers can judge co lour s o f the ob ject s

(watches ) by the rea l natu re o f mate r ia l s (2008, CIBSE). I n the se l l i ng

po in t , d i f fuse l igh t can be used, as long as the leve l o f 400 -450 lux

i s accompl i shed. In the watchmaker -c l ien t d i scus s ion/ reparat ion

area supp lementary d i rect iona l l igh t ing i s needed, h igh l igh t ing the


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cent re o f the desk , the p lace where the ob ject to be repa i red i s

p resented by the cus tomer .

Heat .

“An acceptab le zone of the rma l comfor t fo r mos t peop le in the UKl i e s rough ly between 13°C (56°F ) and 30°C (86°F ) , w i th acceptab le

temperatu res fo r more s t renuous work act iv i t ie s concent ra ted

towards the bot tom end of the range, and more sedenta ry

act iv i t ie s towards the h igher end.” (1999 , HSE , p3)

Env i ronmenta l s i te s tud ies show that out s ide the k iosk the average

temperatu re dur ing w in te r i s between 3°C and 7°C, and between

12-19 °C in summert ime, fact s that imp ly p roper in su la t ion and

vent i la t ion methods app l ied to the k iosk in o rder to ma in ta in a

therma l comfor t fo r both , the c l ien t and the watchmaker . Heat

factor s such as body heat re lease w i l l occur dur ing open ing t imes

of the k iosk , fact that w i l l add to the average temperatu re in s ide

the bu i ld ing . Be ing at tached to another bu i ld ing , ha l f o f the k iosk

be ing hos t by the in s ide of another hab i ta t that i s heated w i l l a l so

add to the temperatu re o f the space.

In the workp lace, exces s o f heat , w i l l have the same ef fect fo r the

chemica l p roduct s as l igh t exposure o r overexposure does

F ig . 2


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Ai r Qua l i ty .

Re la t i ve humid i ty exceed ing 70% (cou ld be lower in spec ia l

c i rcumstances ) cou ld , fo r s tandard l i v ing cond i t ions lead tocondensat ion on co ld su r faces , fo l lowed as an e f fect o f i t , by

cor ros ion , moi s tu re re la ted dete r io ra t ion and mou ld .

Lower ing the re la t i ve humid i ty leve l can lead to i s sues regard ing

s ta t ic e lect r ic i t y , sh r inkage and dete r io ra t ion of wood pane l s ,

fu rn i tu re and wood f loor s and a l so c rack ing of cover ing mater ia l s ,

such as pa in t .

Acous t ics .Acous t ic s a re not a factor o f in f luence in th i s spe c i f ic contex t . The

s i te mid-day-measured leve l o f dec ibe l s i s 68 ,2db, wh ich i s not

recommended fo r work that requ i res in -deta i l concent ra t ion such

as the work o f a watchmaker . The k iosk s t ructu re and c ladd ing w i l l

imp ly sound in su la t ion in o rder fo r the dec ibe l s leve l to decrease

to 45 -50 db .

F ig . 3


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LOCAL AND MICRO CLIMATE

I n o rder to ach ieve a eco- f r iend ly , feas ib le and low-cos t

a l te rnat ive of the in i t ia l des ign , a c lose look a t the s i te f ac i l i t ie s i s

needed. In th i s contex t , P ink Lane i s a nar row, w ind les s a t mos t

s tages o f the s t reet , not c rowded, lack ing in sun l igh t s t reet in

South -Wes t par t o f the C i ty Cent re . The k iosk i s located at the end

of the s t reet , be ing c lose to C layton S t reet ’ s t ra f f ic and c rowd

which automat ica l l y a f fect s the no i se leve l heard by the

inhab i tant s o f my des ign . B r ing ing wood as c ladd ing w i th p roper

in su la t ion , w i l l cut 25 -30% of the out s ide measured dec ibe l s leve l

(68db average measured on 22 n d February 2016) .

Kiosk no i se leve l ca lcu la t ions , compared to ou ts ide leve ls :

Locat ion : N o i s e L e v e l : 9 a m N o i s e L e v e l : 1 p m N o i s e L e v e l : 5 p m

INS IDE K IOSK 45 d b 3 7 d b 40 d b

OUTS IDE K IOSK 72 d b 6 6 d b 68 d b

Fac ing an open space and be ing located c lose to C layton-P ink

Lane in te r sect ion , the k iosk encounte r s d i rect w ind coming f rom

the wes t , the p redominant w ind d i rect ion fo r Newcas t le coming

exact l y f rom that way.Hav ing w inds b lowing w i th speeds up to 22m/s ,

the k iosk ’ s c ladd ing and g laz ing mus t permi t

no in f i l t ra t ions , th i s i s why the concept was

bu i l t w i th doub le -g lazed w indows and super -

in su la ted t reated wood pane l s . The weather in

Newcas t le imp l ie s h igh amount o f

p rec ip i ta t ion , th i s i s why the c ladd ing wood i s

to be t reated w i th wate rp roof so lu t ion .

F ig . 4 .

Wi th the s t reet hav ing an average bu i ld ing he ight o f 13500mm,

the watchmaker ’ s k iosk i s a l so over shadowed, fact that leads to a

lack o f natu ra l l igh t and so la r ga in , but le t s the bu i lding avo id

over -heat ing dur ing summer .

Natura l l igh t occurs on the r igh t s ide of the s t reet (exact p lot

locat ion) a t a leve l o f 742 lux as an average, a f te r measurement s

taken on a sunny day (2016 , February 23 r d ) , dur ing potent ia l

open ing hour s fo r the watchmaker k iosk : 9am – 5pm


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SHADOWS AND WIND:

F ig . 5 .

Areas that avo id in f i l t ra t ions on the façade, a re a l l rubber t reated:

F ig . 6 .


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THERMAL COMFORT

Therma l comfor t i s a ma in featu re fo r any des ign . Hav ing a 12sqm

k iosk , th i s featu re becomes even more impor tant . Des igned fo r no

more than th ree peop le to be in the space at a t ime, the the rma l

comfor t o f the space i s mos t l y in f luenced by body heat and

re la t i ve humid i ty as we l l a s heat ing method, heat los s , so la r ga in

and p roper vent i la t ion . Be ing located in the Nor th Eas t o f Eng land,

the k iosk mus t be heated in o rder to ma in ta in the rma l comfor t ,

espec ia l l y dur ing w in te r t ime.

“For humans re la t i ve humid i t y be low 25% fee l s uncomfor tab le d ry .

Re la t i ve humid i ty above 60% fee l s uncomfor tab le wet . Human

comfor t requ i res the re la t i ve humid i ty to be in the range 25 - 60%

RH. “ (Baruch , G. , 1998)

A re la t i ve humid i ty se t te r i s a featu re o f the k iosk and i t i s se t to

keep RH between 40 and 50%.

A i r movement i s another impor tant par t o f the rma l comfor t , the

var ious and fas te r the movement , the h igher vo lume of heat and

moi s t evaporates th rough the space, ra i s ing both temperatu re and

re la t i ve humid i ty .

F ig . 7 . T a b l e s h o w i n g o c c u p a n t r e a c t i o n t o a i r m o v e m e n t ( B a r u c h , G , 1 9 9 8 ) .

Dur ing winter , heat los s i s an i s sue to take account of whendes ign ing, especia l ly in a p lace l i ke Newcast le . Th i s i s why I

have chosen mater ia l s accord ing to proper vent i la t ion dur ing

summer and avoidance of heat los s dur ing winter . Super -

insu lated wooden panels fo r c ladding wi th an in ter io r layer of

b io log ica l t reated wood for the ce i l ing, as we l l as f loor heat ing

method wi th 5 rad iator s , th ree in the cus tomer/publ ic area and

the other two in the workp lace, the space of a potent ia l th i rd

one be ing occupied by the s torage space, where re lat ive

humid i ty , natura l l ight and temperature are be ing keptseparate ly by the watchmaker at a l eve l imposed by each and

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/absolute-humidity-air-d_681.htmlhttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/absolute-humidity-air-d_681.htmlhttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/absolute-humidity-air-d_681.htmlhttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/absolute-humidity-air-d_681.html


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every chemical subs tance he i s us ing i n the process as long as

the des ign comes wi th a co ld- insu lated s torage area,

especia l ly fo r th i s k ind of encounter .

F ig . 8

Heat los s i s a l so l inked wi th

g laz ing, be ing another

impor tant par t of k iosk

insu lat ion I have chosendouble g laz ing so the k iosk

wi l l face no in f i l t rat ions and

reduce the heat los s dur ing

winter . The g laz ing comes wi th

4 opening panels that a l low

natura l vent i la t ion, be ing

he lped by the or ientat ion of

the s t reet , that of fe r s an a i r

f low r ight in the d i rect ion of

the window openings . F ig . 9


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VENTILATION:

A p ro p e r a i r f l o w t h ro ug h o ut t h e b u i l d i n g a l l o w s t h e a i r q ua l i t y t o

b e m a i n t a i n e d t o h i g h s t a n d a rd s f o r t h e i n h a b i t a n t s , b o t h , t h e

c l ien t s and the watchmaker , as i t i s s ta ted by NHS that i f not

e n o ug h f re s h a i r c o m e s i n t o t h e ro o m y o u l i v e / w o rk i n , y o u w i l l

face a decrease in concent ra t ion/awareness and may face

h e a d a c h e s / s l e e p i n e s s a t t h e s a m e t i m e ( NH S , 2 0 1 3 ) . Na t u ra l

vent i la t ion i s ava i lab le a t the s i te , by us ing w indows shut t le s , but

c a n n o t b e c o n t ro l l e d d ue t o t h e w i n d s p e e d t h a t i s i n c o n s t a n t f o r

s o m e t i m e s o f t h e y e a r . T h e v e n t i l a t i o n m e t h o d I w a n t e d t o

i m p l e m e n t t o t h i s k i o s k i s kn o w n f o r b e i n g u s e d i n “P a s s i v h a us ”

c o n c e p t . T h e E - S t a c k u s e s l e s s e n e rg y t h a n n o rm a l a i r f i l t e r s a n d

us e s t h e a i r f l o w t o m i x i n c o m i n g a i r w i t h t h e i n s i d e a i r .

F i g . 1 0 . E - s t a c k a i r f l o w m o v e m e n t a n d p r i n c i p l e o f w o rk i n g .


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HEAT LOSS OF THE K IOSK :

“By us ing th i s s t ra tegy, the heat ga in s wh ich a r i se in the room

th rough the use of l igh t s , compute r equ ipment and body heat , a re

used to heat the incoming a i r . ” (b reath ingbu i ld ings .com, 2015) .

Lighting:Due to over shadowing, the k iosk des ign Day l igh t factor i s not

fu l f i l l i ng c l ien t ’ s needs , th i s i s why , in the p rocess o f des ign , the

on ly way I cou ld get natu ra l l igh t in to the bu i ld ing was by add ing

an ocu lus on the top of watchmaker ’ s o f f ice , because that i s the

p lace where natu ra l l igh t i s mos t l y needed. Sunpath d iagram shows

the exact amount o f l igh t that comes towards the bu i ld ing , due to

i t s pos i t ion ing fac ing south -wes t , and be ing covered by the

shadows p ro jected f rom the ta l l facades ac ros s the nar row road.

F ig . 11 Sunpath d iagrams ( SunCa lc .net )

DAYL IGHT FACTOR :

DF WITH OCULUS SHUT : 2 ,24% DF WITH OCULUS OPEN: 3 , 53%


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Al l o f the featu res o f the k iosk re ly on the l igh t . Whether i t i s about

exh ib i t ion o r work ing , the space i s enhanced by l igh t . I t has been

des igned not to depend on natu ra l l igh t , but p rov ide a r t i f ic ia l l igh t

us ing d i f fe ren t t ypes o f leds that compensate the lack o f natu ra l

l igh t dur ing the day, espec ia l l y in the workp lace of thewatchmaker . P roper l igh t ing too l s were used in the des ign of the

desk where the watchmaker does the deta i l work , the amount o f

l igh t mus t a lways be >700 lux fo r po l i sh ing and f ine cut t ing sma l l

d imens ioned p ieces o f fu r the r watches . , so 3 f l uorescent she lve-

back leds and 1 doub le - s ided lamp were mounted nearby the

watchmaker ’ s desk . The use of l igh t in s ide the bu i ld ing i s based on

two ways , d i rect and d i f fuse l igh t , depend ing on the act iv i t y o f the

spec i f ic a rea that i s to be l i t . Fo r example , d i rect neut ra l l igh t f rom

whether Ceramic Meta l Ha l ide l igh tbu lb o r T r i -Phosphor F luorescent

led w i l l go on the exh ib i t ion pane l s , a l low ing the t rue n at ive co lour sof the ob ject s to come out exact l y how they a re in a p rocess o f

co lour compar i son/ judgement by a potent ia l c l ien t .

F ig .12 Concept l igh t ing mode l s , d i rectiona l , d i f fuse/ s to rage l igh t .

F ig . 13 Types o f pos s ib le l igh t to be added to the k iosk concept .


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CONCLUSIONS

As a b r ie f conc lus ion , my watchmaker k iosk concept , fu l f i l s both

the funct ion and the comfor t fo r the c l ien t and a l so f i t s the b r ie f

regard ing the sp l i t o f spaces in a 12sqm footp r in t bu i ld ing . Fac ing

the wes te rn w ind , but mak ing i t go over the roof , due to the

aerodynamic shape of the façade and p roper t ie s o f c ladd ing . Not

enough natu ra l l igh t o f fe red by the s t reet but an ocu lus saved the

concept , and the needed lux leve l (700 lux fo r the workp lace and

exh ib i t ion and 400 lux fo r re ta i l a rea) a re the re by the he lp o f an

ar t i f ic ia l l igh t -d i sp lay w i th va r ious t ypes o f leds and l igh tbu lbs .

Super - in su la ted wa l l s and doub le -g lazed w indows that a l low the

heat to remain in s ide but a l so fo r natu ra l vent i la t ion to have i t s

f low th rough the bu i ld ing when wanted a l so add to the des ign

features . A long the above ment ioned, the way I have chosen to f i t

the k iosk ha l f i n , ha l f out , does noth ing but l i nk ing the s t reet w i th

the fo rmer bu i ld ing and at the same t ime enhanc ing the

atmosphere w i th a des ign that f i t s the sp i r i t o f t he p lace and takeson cur ious characte r s to d i scover and exper iment my way of

des ign ing a new and adapt ing an o ld env i ronment .

WordCount : 2325


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Bibl iography:

Baruch, G (1998) Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design., New York:

Wiley

Armstrong, J. Butcher, K. (2008) CIBSE concise handbook, 2008 London : CIBSE 2008

Randall, T (2006) Environmental Design: An Introduction for Architects and Engineers. 3 rd edn.

Abingdon: Taylor & Francis

Szokolay S (2004) Introduction to Architectural Science: the basis of Sustainable Design. London:

Architectural Press

Burberry, P (1997) Environment and Services. 8thedn. Harlow: Longman

McQuiston F. C.,(2004) Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning: Analysis and

Design John Wiley & Sons; 6th Editionedition

(2016), Hsg Thermal Comfort

http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/healthandsafety/occupati

onalhealth/HSG194_-_Thermal_Comfort.pdf Accessed: 25th Feb 2016

(no date) Sustainable Workshops,

sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/light

(2016), Indoor air quality

http://www.vaisala.com/en/industrialmeasurements/applications/HVAC/iaqandhu

mancomfort/Pages/default.aspx Accessed: 21st Feb 2016

(2016), Windfinder,

http://www.windfinder.com/windstats/windstatistic_newcastle.htm Accessed: 19th

Feb 2016

(2016) Sunpath calculation

http://www.suncalc.net/home.html Accessed: 23rd Feb 2016

http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/healthandsafety/occupationalhealth/HSG194_-_Thermal_Comfort.pdfhttp://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/healthandsafety/occupationalhealth/HSG194_-_Thermal_Comfort.pdfhttp://www.suncalc.net/home.htmlhttp://www.suncalc.net/home.htmlhttp://www.suncalc.net/home.htmlhttp://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/healthandsafety/occupationalhealth/HSG194_-_Thermal_Comfort.pdfhttp://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/healthandsafety/occupationalhealth/HSG194_-_Thermal_Comfort.pdf


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