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ABHIYAN WEEKLY

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Debunking Myths on CPECBy : Ahsan Iqbal

Recently, quite a few stories have appeared on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in both local and interna onal publica ons. A lot of trac on was gained by the cynics of CPEC by repor ng factually incorrect informa on. Consequently, myth spurring on CPEC is on the rise. I am going to take this opportunity to debunk these myths by sta ng the facts.

A pointless controversy was created on the Long Term Plan (LTP) by a recent ar cle featured in a local English-language newspaper. The report published as ‘LTP’ in that ar cle was an ini al dra by the China Development Bank (CDB) and not a part of the agreed LTP. That ar cle basically cherry-picked informa on from diff erent sources to present a distorted picture of the LTP. The fact is that the government of Pakistan has prepared its own plan a er mul ple stages of consulta on with provinces, federal ministries and their respec ve technical groups. The LTP has been prepared to develop Pakistan in line with the seven pillars of Vision 2025 which are predicated on the no on of inclusive and sustainable development. The main pillars of LTP are connec vity, energy, industries and industrial parks, agricultural development and poverty allevia on, tourism, coopera on in areas concerning people’s livelihood and fi nancial coopera on. It was shared with the Chinese authori es following approval by the cabinet.

The Chinese side has given its approval in principle, however, its formal approval is expected by the end of this month, as our Chinese counterparts were occupied by the Belt Road Forum. As soon as we get the offi cial approval from the Chinese side, we will put the LTP on the CPEC website.

One of the biggest myths propagated on CPEC is that Pakistan might become a colony/province of China. Any historian would tell you that colonialism and imperialism are legacies of countries of the global north. China has never invaded any country nor harboured any imperial designs. Cynics point out towards rising trade defi cit with China as a reason to show concern on CPEC. The reality is that China’s compe veness in exports is universal and not idiosyncra c to Pakistan. Pakistan’s current trade defi cit with China is $6.2 billion. In comparison, India’s trade defi cit with China stands at $47 billion. The US trade defi cit with China is $347 billion. Based on these trade defi cit numbers, is it appropriate to infer that the US or India are becoming colonies/provinces of China? Certainly not. Similarly, it is ludicrous to make such claims about the Pakistan-China rela onship. Both countries respect the sovereignty of each other and CPEC is based on the shared vision of both countries: Vision 2025 and OBOR.

At present, only a few thousand Chinese na onals are living in Pakistan and making a posi ve contribu on towards our economy, the majority of them fall in the category of temporary labour migrants

who will return back upon comple on of the projects. In contrast, around 8 million Chinese are living in Malaysia, 400,000 in France; 600,000 in Japan; 900,000 in Canada and over 2.5 million are living in the US. Therefore, to say that Chinese are overtaking Pakistani society is nothing but a farce. Chinese na onals working in Pakistan are our na onal guests as they are helping us to build a developed Pakistan.

Another myth spread on CPEC is that China is dicta ng terms to Pakistan and the federal government is not consul ng the provinces. The reality is quite the opposite. China and Pakistan work jointly in making an overall planning for a unifi ed development of CPEC projects. In this regard, the Long Term Plan, Transport Monographic Study and respec ve MoUs guide the policy for CPEC.

All provinces have been consulted and invited to all mee ngs within Pakistan and abroad for their recommenda ons and review of CPEC projects. Earlier this month, the chief ministers of all four provinces under the leadership of PM Sharif a ended OBOR Summit in China. On 29th December 2016, all CMs par cipated in the 6th JCC mee ng which was held in Beijing. For ins tu onal arrangement and development of CPEC, the Na onal Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China along with the Planning, Development & Reform Ministry of Pakistan have cons tuted subsidiary working groups of the Joint Coopera on Commi ee (JCC) on planning, transport

infrastructure, energy, Gwadar and industry coopera on.

Since the signing of the MoU in July 2013, six mee ngs of the JCC have been held. The highest offi cials of every provincial government are represented in JCC mee ngs. It is impossible to hide or misrepresent any informa on on CPEC from provinces. Informa on on ongoing and agreed CPEC projects is available on the offi cial website of CPEC. Moreover, the planning ministry is always available to address any queries regarding CPEC. All the Chinese companies involved in CPEC projects are nominated by their government. Therefore, there is no ques on of favouri sm on the part of the government of Pakistan.

Another myth propagated around is that Pakistan is not going to gain any economic benefi ts from CPEC and it is tantamount to the 2006 Free Trade agreement (FTA) with China. First of all, let me explain that an FTA works out on the basis of demand and supply of market forces. China enjoys a compe ve edge in exports vis-à-vis all other economies of the world, including Pakistan, whereas CPEC is qualita vely diff erent from an FTA. It provides necessary s mulus to kickstart the processes of industrialisa on in Pakistan. Without suffi cient electricity and adequate infrastructure, it is not possible to carry out industrialisa on.

CPEC brings $35 billion investments in energy projects. Alongside coal, clean and renewable energy projects are part of the CPEC energy por olio. The exis ng energy

policy was made before the CPEC MoU was signed between China and Pakistan. Prior to CPEC, nobody was interested in making investments in our energy sector. At that crucial me, China took a lead and

demonstrated to the world that Pakistan is a reliable and secure des na on for foreign investments. Energy investments under CPEC will remove a major bo leneck that is in the way of realising high economic growth. It will reinforce the main grid structure, power transmission, distribu on network, and improve power supply. Currently, 14 energy projects are in the implementa on stage. Through CPEC projects, 10,000MW of electricity will be added to the na onal grid. Only 16,000MW was added to the na onal grid from 1947 to 2013. Moreover, energy projects under CPEC are not funded by Chinese loans instead they are undertaken in the IPP mode regulated as per NEPRA tariff s. Average cost of these projects is lower than the current cost of produc on of energy.

Under CPEC, new road and rail networks are to be built in all four provinces to enhance and improve connec vity within Pakistan. In addi on to economic benefi ts of connec vity, social and regional cohesion will increase within Pakistan and in the region. Once energy and infrastructure bo lenecks are addressed, it is es mated that

GDP will at least increase by more than 2 per cent from its current trend.

Similarly, one of the important components of the CPEC framework is industrial coopera on. Nine industrial zones were included in it with equal representa on of all provinces. The cost of produc on is steadily increasing for many industries in China due to increase in wages. It is es mated that 85 million jobs will be relocated and countries in the Far East, Asia and Africa are compe ng for these jobs. Pakistan wants to secure a big share of the reloca on of these industries and jobs. Once relocated, this will create a huge demand for labour in Pakistan and enormous employment opportuni es will be available for Pakistanis.

In the current projects of CPEC, two thirds of the workforce is Pakistani and only a cri cal mass of labour force comes from China. This is a great opportunity for the Pakistani workforce to learn and update their skills from their Chinese counterparts. Already a boom in steel, cement and construc on industries has created mul plier eff ects in the overall economy.

Economic benefi ts of CPEC are net posi ve for Pakistan. CPEC is a golden opportunity for Pakistan to undo the mistakes of the past and we, as a na on, cannot aff ord to be complacent about it.

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g]kfn b"/;+rf/ k|flws/0f>L s'Gh ;bg, sdnfbL, sf7df8f}F

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Od]n: ntra@wlink.com.np, ntra@nta.gov.npj]j;fO6 M www.nta.gov.np

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##sf7df8f}F . cfGtl/s /fh:j

ljefusf dxflgb]{zs r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]u @)&! dfkm{t s/bftfx?nfO{ Jofks 5'6 k|bfg ul/ /fHosf]ifdf xfgL gf]S;fgL k'of{Psf] cf/f]kdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cof]un] cfkm\gf] lx/f;tdf /fv]/ cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5 . sl/a tLg ;ftf cl3b]lv lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf zdf{nfO{ ;ft÷;ft lbgsf] Dofb yk u/fpb} cfof]un] 5fgljg ul//x]sf] xf] . @)&! df3 @@ ut] u7g ePsf] s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]usf Ps ;b:o r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ clVtof/n] cg';Gwfg ;'? u/]kl5 of] cof]u / o;dfkm{t ul/Psf sfd sf/afxLsf af/]df uDeL/ ax; ;'? ePsf] 5 . zdf{nfO{ clVtof/n] kqmfp u/];Fu} pgnfO{ /fIf;Ls/0f ug{tkm{ l;+uf] ;dfh p4t eof] . clVtof/n] pgnfO{ kqmfp dfq} u/]g cfkm'n] ;dfhsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b'idgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] eGb} l;nl;n]jf/ 9+un] k|rf/afhL uof]{ . x'Fbfx'Fbf zdf{ kqmfpsf] s]lx lbgdf cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm lbk a:g]t cfkm} s'g} Ps /fli6«o 6]lnlehg dfkm{t 7"n7"nf] :j/df elg/x]sf lyP o:tf] cof]u dfkm{t zdf{n] Jofks e|i6frf/ u/]sf 5g .

/fHo lgolGqt Rofgn dfkm{t pgn] lbPsf] cGtjf{tf{df pgL lgs} axfb'/Lsf ;fy elg/x]sf lyP cfof]un] Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ lgs} 5'6 lbPsf] 5 To:tf] ug}{ kfOb}g . pgsf] egfO{sf] k'/f efjf; a'‰bf nflu/x]sf] lyof] Tof] cfof]ug} e|i6frf/ ug{sf nflu lgdf{0f ug]{ ul/G5 . a:g]tsf] a'emfO{df cfof]u lgdf{0f ePkl5 To;sf] klxnf] sfd xf] Jofkf/LnfO{ Jofks 5'6 lbP/ s/f]8f}F s'DNofpg] / /fHonfO{ uDeL/ cfly{s gf]S;fg k'of{pg] . ;fob 6]lnlehg dfkm{t ls6fg ;lxt eGg ;Sg] pgsf] af]nLleq pgsf] cfkm\g} ljutsf] cg'ej af]ln/x]sf] x'g'k5{ . lsgsL h'g x}l;otdf s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]u @)&! df r'8fdl0f zdf{n] h'g st{Jo lgjf{x u/]sf lyP xf] 7Ls ;f]lx x}l;ot / lhDd]jf/Ldf s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]u @)^# df lbk a:g]tn] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . / csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f cg';Gwfgsf nflu lgoGq0fdf lnP lalts} s'g} klg JolQmsf] ;fdflhs 5ljnfO{ w'ln;fb ug]{ ul/ ul/Psf] cfof]usf] k|rf/ cleofg clg :joM k|d'v cfo'Qm lbk a:g]tn] cl3 ;/]/ o;af/]df lbO/x]sf cGtjf{tf{x?n] uDeL/ k|Zg pAhfPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes cg';Gwfgsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifodfly lsg k|d'v cfo'Qmn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cGtjf{tf{ lbg'kof{] . cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ ul/ ul/Psf o:tf sbdx?n] uDeL/ k|Zgx? pAhfPsf] xf] .

r'8fdl0f zdf{ k|qmfp / To;kl5sf lgof]lht / l;nl;n]af/ 36gfkl5 xfdLn] Tof] s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]u s] xf] < o;n] s;/L sfd u5{ < r'8fdl0f zfdf{sf] e"ldsf cfof]udf s] xf] < nufotsf cxd k|Zgx?sf] hkmfj vf]Hg] k|of; u/]sf 5f}F . @)## ;fn c;f]h !) ut] nfndf]x/ nfu]/ k|sfl;t ePsf] s/ km5\of}{6 cof]u P]g @)## adf]lhd @)#^ ;fnb]lv @)&! ;fn;Dd k6s k6s o:tf cfof]ux? ;/sf/n] u7g ul/;s]sf] 5 .

;f] cfof]u P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf / cfly{s lxt sfod /fVgsf nflu k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f tyf c;"n ug{'kg]{ aSof}tf s/x? lgwf{/0f u/L c;"n ug{ o:tf] cfof]usf] u7g ul/Psf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . aiff}{ aif{b]lv /fHon] gf] u]g cyf{t s]lx klg gkfpg] cj:yfdf 5nkmn u/]/ hlt k|fKt x'G5 ;f]lx ljifonfO{ ;sf/]/ /fHosf]ifdf yf]/} ePklg of]ubfg ug{ ;lsg] /0fgLlt cg';f/ o;k|sf/sf] cof]usf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . 6f6 klN6Psf s'g}klg pBf]u, ?U0f ePsf pBf]u, aGb ePsf ;+:yfx?, aiff}{;Dd ;a} hfofHofyf /f]Ssf u/L sfg'gL k|lqmof dfkm{t

sf/afxL ubf{gL pknAw x'g g;s]sf / lghL ;DklQ lnnfdL ;d]t ubf{ klg c;'n pk/ x'g g;s]sf s/x? hf] c+sdf lg/Gt/ al9/xG5 t/ k|fKt rflxF h]/f] dfq} x'g] cj:yfsf o;/L b'O{kIfaLr ;xdlt ul/ gofF s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ /fHosf]ifdf sd} ePklg of]ubfg ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k of] cfof]usf] u7g ePsf] b]lvG5 .

h;/L olta]nf rln/x]sf pBf]ux?nfO{ Jofks dfqfdf s/ 5'6 lbOPsf] eGg] ;Gbe{ /x]sf] 5 Tof] ;/f;/ unt / e|fds ljifo ePsf] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . cfof]un] nfdf] ;dob]lv c;'n x'g g;s]sf / ?U0f /x]sf pBf]ux?;Fu 5nkmn ul/ gofF s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf] lyof] . h'g olx P]gsf] k|:tfjgfsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]/ ul/Psf] xf] . csf]l{\t/ P]gn] cfof]unfO{ ljlzi6 clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . hasL s/ 5'6 lbOPsf] s'/f h;/L xf}jf lkmhfOPsf] 5 af:tljs s'/f s] 5 eg] ToxfF b]lvPsf] c+s d'n'sn] k|fKt ug]{ s/ xf]Og ls cfof]u u7g eO;s]kl5 cfof]u / ;DalGwt s/bftfaLr ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 tf]lsPsf] s/ rflxF /fHon] kfpg] s/ xf] . lsgsL ;f]lx s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ Tof] P]gn] cfof]unfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

csf]l{\t/ cfof]usf] ;b:o ;lrjsf] e'ldsfdf /x]sf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf dxflgb]{zs r'8fdl0f zdf{sf] k|qmfp nuQ} ;dfhdf o:tf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ul/Psf] 5 ls dfgf} of] cfof]u r'8fdl0f zfdf{sf] JolQmut sfdsf nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] / h] hlt lg0f{o cfof]un] u/]sf] 5 tL ;a} zdf{ PSn} / :jljj]sdf u/]sf] h:tf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . t/ s/ km5\of}6 P]gsf] bkmf $ df pNn]v ePsf] cfof]usf] clwsf/

If]qsf] k|of]u zLif{sdf rflxF o:tf] elgPsf] 5M cfof]usf] clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u ;a} ;b:ox?n] ;fd'lxs?kdf ug]{5g . clg ;f]lx bkmfsf] pkbkmf @ df ax'dtsf] /fo cfof]usf] lg0f{o dflgg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} pkbkmf # df rflxF tLg} hgf ;b:ox?sf] leGbf leGb} /fo eO{ ax'dt sfod x'g g;s]df cWoIfsf] /fo cof]usf] lg0f{o dflgg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

x}/f}F P]gsf] Tof] bkmf $ o;/L r'8fdl0f zdf{ PSn}n] s'g} klg

cj:yf / kl/l:yltdf of] To;k|sf/sf] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf x'g} ;Sb}g . a? tLg ;b:osfaLr /fo aflemPsf] v08df cfof]usf cWoIf rflxF lg0ff{os x'g] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]usf cWoIf

lg0ff{os x'g] / ;a} ;b:ox?n] ;fd'lxs ?kdf lg0f{os ug]{ eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v eO;s]kl5 ;a}eGbf klxnf] lg;fgf r'8fdl0f zdf{g} aGg'sf] k5f8Lsf] p2]Zo / cfzo s] xf]nf < olb ;f] cof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{osf ;Gbe{df af:tljs ?kdf 5fgljg ug}{kg]{ eP cfof]usf ;a}eGbf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L cWoIf;Fu kf] klxnf] ;f]wk'5 ug{'kg]{ lyof] . ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] lhDd]jf/L sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf lgjf{x u/]sf zdf{g} clVtof/sf] klxnf] lg;fgf aGg' of] ;+of]u dfq} xf] eg]/ eGg] cj:yf kSs} 5}g . o:t} ;f] P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf @ df cfof]un] s/bftf;Fu cfk;L s'/fsfgL4f/f s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

;/sf/4f/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of] P]g /fHosf ;a} lgsfon] cIf/; kfnfgf

ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . of] P]g ;/sf/, s'g}klg ;+a}wflgs cof]u dfq} xf]Og x/ sf]lxn] h:tfsf] t:t} kfnfgf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . olb of] P]g q'l6k"0f{ 5 eg] Tof] P]g ;+;f]wg ug]{ clwsf/ /fhgLlts bn / tLgsf dfWod4f/f ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;f+;bx?nfO{ kSs} 5 . o;k|sf/sf] P]g agfpg / ;f] P]gdf ;f] clwsf/ lbg s] s'g} n'DaWjh dxt of r'8fdl0f zdf{n] ;Sg] s'/f xf] / < of] P]gsf dfWod4f/f u7g ul/g] cof]un] ul//x]sf sfd sf/afxL 7Ls 5}gg\ eGg] nflu/xsf] lyof] eg] o; cl3ssf ;+;bdf of] P]g ;+zf]wg lsg ePg < clg b'O{kIfLo 5nkmnaf6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /flv;s]kl5 o;df 5'6 lbof] p;df al9 lnof] eg]/ sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfpg'sf] s] cy{ x'G5 < ;a} eGbf klxn] d'xfgg} kmf]x/ agfO{;s]kl5 wf/faf6 kfgL ;kmf cfPg eg]/ 6fpsf] 7f]Sg'sf] s] cy{ < of] d'xfg ;kmf agfpglt/ e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0f ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt cfof]un] lsg ;'emfj lbPg of clxn] cfof]u dfkm{t e|i6frf/ eof] eg]/ /6fg ul//x]sf s'g}klg bn / tLgsf g]tfx?nfO{ of] P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ s;n] /f]s]sf] lyof] < o:t} ;f]lx P]gsf] bkmf !) df sfo{k|0ffnL tf]Sg] ;Gbe{df k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePklg o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ s/ lgwf{/0f tyf c;"n ug]{ ;DaGwdf cof]un] cfjZoQmf cg';f/ sfo{ k|0ffnL tf]Sg ;Sg]5 / To;/L tf]s]sf] sfo{ k|0ffnL / To;sf] kfng eP gePsf] af/]df s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g eGg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

x]/f}F P]gsf] bkmf !)o;/L p;n] u/]sf] sfdsf] 9fFrf /

k|0ffnL pk/ s'g} klg cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg gkfOg] Joj:yf ePkl5 cfof]un] 5nkmn / ;xdltsf dfWod4f/f gofF s/ lgwf{/0f ul/ ljifonfO{ ;]6n 8fpg ug]{ g} eof] . To:t} ;f]lx P]gsf] bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf ! df k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwdf cof]un] u/]sf] s/ lgwf{/0fsf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg nfUg] 5}g elgPsf] 5 .

x]/f}F ;f] bkmf !@o; ;DaGwdf s'/f ubf{ h;/L

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lbk a:g]tsf] k|ltzf]wsf]l;sf/ ag] r'8fdl0f zdf{

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k9\Yof}+ xfdL a;Lsg ;Fu} j]b, afOan, gdfhk;]s]xL g/kz'x¿ Wj:t kf/] ;dfh .

d¥of} Ho"Fb} Tof] h:n] lal;{of] b]zsf] df6f]afFRof] Tof] d/]/ klg h:n] ;lDemof] b]zsf] df6f] .

sfo/ eP/ k6s k6s dg'{eGbfaxfb'/ eP/ Ps} k6s dg{ ;sf}+ .

— cleofgjf0fL

lbk a:g]t clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k|d'v cfo'Qmdf lgo'Qm ePkl5 clVtof/n] s]xL ;lqmotf b]vfPsf]h:tf] u/]klg pm kl5Nnf] ;do ljjfbsf] 3]/fdf tflgPsf] 5 . tTsflng cy{dGqL /fdz/0f dxtn] u7g u/]sf] s/ km:of}6 cfof]usf cWoIf n'DaWjh dxt / ;b:o pd]zk|;fb 9sfnnfO{ km/f/ 3f]lift ub{} pgLx?sf af/]df ;/sf/L d'vkq uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx?sf af/]df hfg/sfL lbg]nfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg] ;d]t 3f]if0ff cfof]un] u/]sf] 5 . pgLx?nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug{ ;xof]u u/L e|i6frf/ ;DaGwL 5fgljgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lj1fkg dfkm{t ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cfu|x ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . ;s/f/L d'vkqdf ul/Psf] lj1fkgn] cfof]unfO{ e|i6frf/ 5fgljgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpnf t <

of] k|s/0fn] s]xL k|Zg ;d]t pAhfPsf] 5 . s'g} JolQmaf/] gsf/fTds lgisif{ lgsfnL cfof]un] lj1fkg dfkm{t k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ kfpF5 ls kfpFb}g < of] JolQmsf] dfg;Ddfg / k|lti7f;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . JolQmsf] k|lti7f;Fu} p;sf] ckdflgt gx'g] clwsf/ lj?4sf] ?kdf o;nfO{ dflgG5 . ;fdfGotof To;sf ljifodf sfg'gL pkrf/ vf]Hg] clwsf/ ;DalGwt gful/s jf clVtof/åf/f lj1fkg dfkm{t\ k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psfx?df ;'/lIft /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/nfO{ cfly{s ;+s6 k/]sf] a]nf 7"nf cfsf/df s/5nL ePsf] b]lvPdf ;/sf/n] cf+lzs ?kd} ePklg s/ c;'nL ug{ gful/sn] ;DklQm 3f]if0ff ug{] / 3f]lift /sddf nfUg] s/ lt/]jfkt\ To:tf] ;DklQnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] ul/Psf y'k|} pbfx/0fx? /x]sf 5g\ . ;fs{ /fi6«leq}sf b]zx?df o:tf cEof; dfkm{t ;/sf/n] s/ c;'nL u/]sf pbfx/0f 5g\ / s/sf] 3f]if0ff / s/lt/]kl5 pgLx?nfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

g]kfndf eg] klxnf] k6s cy{dGqLsf ?kdf 8f=/fdz/0f dxtn] o:tf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . To;a]nf clVtof/sf] k|d'v cfo'Qm /x]sf ;"o{k|;fb pkfWofon] ;/sf/n] pGd"lQm lbPsfx?nfO{ ;d]t clVtof/n] 5fgljg ug{ ;Sg] cleJolQm lbPkl5 ;/sf/n] clVtof/sf] egfO{k|lt cfklQ hgfPsf] lyof] . s/ km:of}6 P]g / lgodfjnLn] s/ km:of}6 cfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ sxLF st} d'2f rnfpg / ToxL ljifonfO{ lnP/ s;}nfO{ sf/afxL ug{ g;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf]df clVtof/n] em08} Ps dlxgf cufl8 s/ km:of}6 cfof]usf ;b:o–;lrj Pj+ cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf axfnjfnf dxflgb]{zs r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]/ clVtof/sf] lx/f;tdf /fv]sf] 5 . pgLdfly c/af}+ ?k}ofFdf 5'6 lbPsf] cf/f]k cfof]un] nufPsf] 5 . zdf{dflysf] 5fgljgnfO{ ;d]t l9nf;':tL ul/Psfn] zdf{nfO{ /fhgLlts if8\oGqsf] lzsf/ agfpg vf]lhPsf] xf] ls eg] k|Zg ;d]t plAhPsf] x'gfn] To;tkm{ cfof]u ;ts{ x'g} k5{ .

lbk a:g]t cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefusf dxflgb{]zs x'Fb} ;lrj eP/ cjsf;df uPsf JolQm x'g\ . /fh:j 5nLsf ljifodf pgnfO{ ;d]t 1fg ePs} x'g'k5{ . dxtåf/f u7g ul/Psf] s/ km:of}6 cfof]usf cWoIf dxt / ;b:o 9sfndfly cfof]un] sf/afxL ;'? u/]sf] 5 . csf]{tl/ clVtof/;Fu lglZrt P]g / sfo{sf/Låf/f u7g ul/Psf] o:tf cfof]usf lqmofsnfkdfly 5fgljg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 ls 5}g ePdf slt 5 < cfof]un] ;/sf/L sfdsfhdf ePsf clgoldttf / clwsf/sf] b'?kof]usf ;fy} e|i6frf/ d'2f x]g{ kfpF5 g} t/ gLltut ljifodf h; kfpg] p;sf] k"j{sf] clwsf/nfO{ @)^# otf aGb]h ul/Psf] 5 . gLltut ljifodf cGtu{t s] s] ljifox? k5{g\ / s:tf lg0f{ox? k5{g\ eGg] ljifodf sfg'gdf slxF st} pNn]v ePsf] 5}g / o; ljifodf sfg'gL If]q ;d]t ljeflht /x]sf cj:yf clxn] b]lvPsf] 5 .

s/ km:of}6 cfof]usf ;b:o ;lrj Pj+ cflGts /fh:j lejfusf dxflgb]{zs r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ Ps dlxgf cl3 g} kqmfp u/L ;s]sf] / ljz]if cbfntaf6 k6s k6s Dofb yKb} cg';Gwfg g;lsPsf] eGb} km]l/ Dofb yKg] kIfdf clVtof/ /x]sf] 5 . cWoIf / ;b:o dxt / 9sfnnfO{ vf]hL ug{ ;/sf/L d'vkqdf lj1fkg k|sflzt u/]/ clVtof/n] s/ km:of}6 cfof]un] s] DofG8]6 kfPsf] lyof] . p;nfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf / cfwf/df s/ 5'6 lbg] clwsf/ lbPsf] lyof] eGg] tkm{ clVtof/n] a'em]s} xf]nf . ef]nL of] ljifodf ;/sf/ ;d]t Pp6f kIfsf ?kdf cbfntdf k'Ug} k5{ . To;}n] s/ km:of}6 cfof]un] kfPsf] Dof08]6 dfly /x]/ u/]sf sfdsf/afxLnfO{ lnP/ s;}dfly sf/afxL ul/g' s] Gofo;+ut x'G5 . o; d'2fdf ;d]t /fhgLlts/0f xfjL ePsf] x'g;Sg] tkm{ clVtof/ ;hu x'g}k5{ .

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gofF g]kfn elgof], gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] yfngL x'g} ;s]g . kl/jt{gkl5sf s]xL jif{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eg]/ clNemof}+ . aNn aNn ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eof], ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ sl:;of}+ . :yfgLo lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6 ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog x'g]5 eg]/ e|d 5l/Psf] 5, Tof] e|d dw];L bnx?n] lgjf{rgdf b]vfPsf] ;fj{hlgs c;xdlt r'gf}lt / r]tfjgL aGg k'u]sf] 5 . s]xL dw];L bnx?sf sfo{stf{x?n] lab|f]xL ?kdf pd]bjf/L t lbPsf 5g\, Tof] pd]bjf/Ln] åGå 36fpFb}g . åGå a9\of] eg] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog xf]Og, csf]{ c/fhstfn] hGd lng;Sg] hf]lvd 68\sf/} b]lvG5 .

xf], klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf s]xL :yfgdf dfq tfnd]n b]lvPsf] lyof] . bf]>f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf st} dfcf]jfbL / sf+u|];, st} Pdfn] / kmf]/d, st} ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL ljKnj ;d"x / sf+u|];, st} Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf] ;d]t pd]bjf/Ldf tfnd]n ePsf] 5 . cfZro{ st} dfcf]jfbL / ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbLsf] ;d]t PnfOG; ePsf] 5 . of] b[ZonfO{ k|hftflGqs ljZn]ifsx? k|hftGqsf] ;'Gb/tf eg]/ kmnfsL /x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o /fhgLltdf Jofks dte]b 5, lgjf{rgdf o:tf] ;'Gb/tf . st} of] ;'Gb/tf s'?ktfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] b]Vg gk/f];\ . lsgeg] :jfy{sf] ldlneut, /fli6«o /fhgLltsf] ;'Gb/tf s;/L x'g;S5 < klxn] /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf nflu dge]bsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . /fli6«ogLltx?df dte]b x'g'x'Gg . /fli6«o d'2fx?df ;xofqf, ;xdltsf ;fy cl3 a9\g t}of/ x'g'k5{ . st} klg ;xdlt gx'g] t/ :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf s]xL :yfgx?df l;4fGtsf], d'2fsf], hglhljsfsf] ;f]r gldn] klg r'gfj lhTgsf nflu r'gfjL d]nldnfk rflx+ x'g] . of] s'?k b[Zon] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fhdfu{nfO{ cl3 a9fpFb}g . p2]Zo ldNg'k5{, :jfy{ ldNg' eg]sf] k|hftGq alnof] x'g' xf]Og . lg/+s"ztf a9\g' xf] .

h;/L 7"nf tLg bnn] cfnf]kfnf] ;Qf rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L !@ jif{df ag]sf] !) ;/sf/n] c;xh / c/fhs /fli6«o d'2fx?nfO{ ;xh agfpg / cGof}nnfO{ lgsf; lbg ;s]g . ha d'2f dxfdf/L aG5g\, To:tf] cj:yf eg]sf] /fhgLlt cfkm}df hl6n ;d:of aGg' xf] . oyfy{df jt{dfg /fhgLlts kl/b[Zo g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtf, :jtGqtf, lalwsf] zf;g / hgfsf+Iffdfly s'7f/f3ft dfq xf] . of] ufF7f] km'sfpg d'l:sn eO;s]sf] / emg emg h]lnb} hfFbf] 5 . kl/jt{gkl5 /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] /fli6«o d'2fx?sf laifodf, /fli6«ogLlt to u/]/ cl3 a9f}+ eg]/ !@ ldg]6 klg ;fd'lxs 5nkmn u/]sf] b]lvPg . @)^% ;fndf u0ftGq sfof{Gjog x'gf;fy kf6L{x?n] % jif{df, !) jif{df, @) jif{df o;/L cl3 a9\5f}+, /fli6«o ;d:ofx?sf] o;/L lg/fs/0f u5f}{+ eGg] dfu{lrq to ug'{kYof]{ . cd]l/sfdf ;o jif{sf] of]hgf aG5 / Tof] of]hgfcg';f/sf] zf;g, k|zf;g, sfg'g lgdf{0f u/]/ nfu" u5{g\ . xfdL # jif]{, % jif]{ of]hgf agfpF5f}+ / To;df klg lalw lgdf{tf ;f+;bx?nfO{ s/f]8 s/f]8 lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; ah]6 lgsf;f lbG5f}+ . ;f+;bn] ljsf; u/]/ x'g] eP b]zsf] 7]Ssf ltg} ;f+;bnfO{ lbP x'Gy]g / < oltw]/} dGqfno, of]hgf cfof]u, :yfgLo lgsfox? lsg rflxof] <

;f+;bsf] sfd ah]6 af]s]/ lgjf{rg If]q hfg] xf]Og . b]zsf] zf;g, k|zf;gdf s:tf] sfg'g rflxG5 <

sfg'gsf] kfngf eof] ls ePg < cfdgful/ssf] cfsf+Iff s] xf] < ;dfgtf / ;dfg'kflts sfg'gJoj:yf sfod 5 ls 5}g < ;/sf/ 5 eGg] cg'e"lt hghLjgn] ug{ kfof] ls kfPg < o:tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf rf;f] /fVg 5f8]/ lan ekf{O ldnfP/ efu zflGt ug{ ;f+;bx? pT;flxt b]lvG5g\ . oltdfq xf]Og, sltko ;f+;bx? t /ftf] kf;kf]6{ b'?kof]u, dfgj a]rlavgdf ;d]t d'l5P . sltko t:s/L / dflkmofx?;Fusf] ;fF7ufF7df klg kf]lnPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg c;fdflhs sfo{df sf]xL kqmfp k/] eg] To;df /fhgLlts bafa xfn]/ 5f]kf5fk kfl/xfNg] sfd ;f+;b / ;/sf/df k'u]sfx?sf] klxnf] sfd x'gyfn]sf] 5 . Wofg lbg] ck/fwsd{df, s'/f ug]{ b]z ljsf;sf] . s;/L x'G5 ;'wf/ <

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;+j}wflgs kbx?df sf]6f l;:6d a;fNg' /Xof] . oxfF;Dd ls g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:qsf cfOhLkL dfq xf]Og, /fhb"t, ;lrj;Dddf klg kf6L{x?s} xfnLd'xfnL /Xof] . kl5Nnf] ;do ueg{/, af]8{ 8fO/]S6;{, ;+:yfgsf l;Ocf] / GofofwLz lgo'QmLdf ;d]t v'nf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k b]lvof] . h;n] ubf{ nf]stflGqs zJbdfly g} Joª\u k|xf/ x'gk'u]sf] 5 .

o;/L nf]stGq ;+:yfut x'g;Sb}g . of] t e|i6frf/ / lg/+s"ztf ;+:yfut ug]{ tl/sf eof] . h;n] ubf{ sd{rf/LtGq / kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x?;d]t df};dcg';f/sf] 6\o"lgs nufpg cEo:t eO;s]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf] :jfy{sf nflu s'g} klg lg0f{o ug{ l/hg grflxg], l;hgn lg0f{o ug{ kf6L{x? hlxn] klg t}of/ /xg] sf/0fn] lehg :yflkt x'g;s]g . lehg rflxG5 eGg] cfjZostf g} 7flgPg . eGgnfO{ ;g @)@@ cyf{t % jif{leq g]kfnnfO{ ljsf;zLn /fi6« agfpg] gf/f nufOPsf] 5 . Tof] nIodf k'Ug] s;/L < xfdLn] To;sf nflu ug'{kg]{ s'g s'g t}of/L ug{ yfn]sf 5f}+ < s]xL klg t 5}g . clg s;/L ljsf;zLn /fi6«sf] :t/df pSng ;S5f}+ <

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k/]sf af3sf aRrf e]6] / 3/df NofP/ kfn] . 3/df la/fnf]sf aRrfx? klg lyP . b'a}nfO{ b"w lknfP/ x'sf{pg yfn] . af3sf] aRrf 3'g{ yfNof], la/fnf]sf] aRrf Dofp ug{ . df;' t b'a} vfGy] . t/ Pslbg oL aRrf;Fu v]ln/x]sf /fhs'df/sf] xft af3n] 6f]s]g dfq, 3fp eP/ /ut r'lxof] . af3sf] aRrfn] /fhs'df/sf] /ut nknkL rf6\of] . To;kl5 tL af3sf aRrfnfO{ lrl8ofvfgf k7fOPsf] lyof] .

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;/sf/L a}+s ePsf]n] l/6fo8{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k]G;g v'jfpg'kg]{ . sd{rf/Lsf] tna, k]G;g nufotdf lgs} 7"nf] vr{ b]lvG5 . t]>f] q}df;;Dds} ljj/0f x]bf{ klg sd{rf/L vr{df @ ca{ !! s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] b]lvof] . cjsfz ;'ljwf afkt ^) s/f]8 hu]8f ug{'kof]{ . o;nfO{ Joj:yf ug]{, vr{ sd ug]{ laifodf s]xL ;f]Rg''ePsf] 5 <

xfd|f sd{rf/L @ k|sf/sf 5g\ . @)%) ;fncl3 lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Ln] k]G;g kfpF5G, @)%) kl5sf sd{rf/Ln]

pkbfg dfq kfpF5g\ . k]G;gsf] Joj:yfkg clxn] xfd|f nflu 7"nf] r'gf}lt ag]sf] 5 . k]G;g lng]x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} hfFbf of] laifon] w]/} hl6ntf lgDTofPsf] 5 . tkfO{n] Psbd ;xL ?kdf Ol08s]6 ug{'ePsf] 5 . cGo ljsNk eGbf klg k]G;gnfO{ bL3{sfnLg bfoLTj eGbf klg s'g tl/sfn] sd{rf/Lx?n] k]G;g eGbf cGo ljsNk /f]H5g\ / k]G;g lnO/x]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO klg s'g df]8fln6Laf6 Psd''i6 ?kn] k]d]G6 uof]{ eg] nfdf] ;dosf] bfoLTjaf6 ;+:yfnfO{ hf]ufpg ;Sg] / sd{rf/Ln] klg kl5;Ddsf] k|ltkmn Ps}k6s clxn] g} kfOof] eg]/ cg''e"t u/fpg] u/L ljg–ljgsf] kf]lhzgdf s]xL sfd ug{ ;lsG5 ls eg]/ xfdLn] cWoog yfn]sf 5f} .

shf{ ! va{ @ ca{ eO;s]sf] 5 eGg''eof] . kf]xf]/sf] oxL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf lgl:qmo shf{sf] cg'kft t 36]sf] 5, t/ ck]lIft 9+un] 7"nf] ;'wf/ b]lvPg lg, lsg lg <

xfd|f] # sf] xf/fxf/Ldf lyof] PglkPn, To;a]nf shf{ *$ ca{ lyof] . ca xfd|f] nIo PgkLPnnfO{

cem @=# k|ltztdf emfg]{ xf] . shf{ h'g cg'kftdf a9]sf] 5, Tof] cg'kftdf PglkPn a9]sf] 5}g . o;df klg cflQg] cj:yf 5}g, clxn];Ddsf] cj:yf lgoGq0fd} 5 .

/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s k'/fgf] ;/sf/L a}+s xf] . oxfFsf k'/fgf sd{rf/Lx? k|ljlwd}qL 5}gg\ eGg] laifo k6s–k6s p7\g] u5{ . kl5Nnf] ;do gofF sd{rf/L egf{sf] k|lqmof klg ;'? ug{'ePsf] 5 . ;Ifd sd{rf/Laf6 a}+ssf] ;]jfnfO{ ;d;fdlos agfpg] laifodf s]xL ;f]Rg''ePsf] 5 <

xfd|f] a}+ssf] xsdf w]/}k6s lecf/P;-clgjfo{ cjsf; sfo{qmd_ cfO;s]sf] 5 . clxn] :jtM ?kdf l/6fo8{ x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof 7"nf] 5 . xfdLn] gofF sd{rf/L egf{nfO{ ;d]t tLj| kf/]sf 5f} . clxn] klg xfdLn] $ ;o ̂ ) hgf sd{rf/L egf{sf] lj1fkg ul/;s]sf 5f} . Tof]dWo] ! ;o (% hgfsf] lnlvt k/LIff eO{ l/hN6 eO;s]sf] 5 . afFsLsf] c;f/leq} x'G5 . o;/L x]bf{ $ ;o ̂ ) sd{rf/L ebf}leqdf cfO;S5g\ . cfufdL jifl{\eq xfdLn] ;xfos :t/b]lv clws[t;Dd Go"gtd yk % ;o sd{rf/L egf{ ub}{5f} . o;/L x]of}{+ eg] @ jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdLn] ( ;o ^) sd{rf/L egf{

ug]{5f} . o;n] k'/fgf]nfO{ k|lt:yfkg u5{ . k'/fgf w]/} clgjfo{ cjsfzdf hfFb}5G, To;sf/0f ca xfdLn] lecf/P; NofP/ sd{rf/LnfO{ labf ug{'kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . r'gf}lt olQ dfq 5 ls, clxn] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|m]djsl{\eq /x]/ gofF sd{rf/L egf{ ug{'k5{, sltko cj:yfdf ;dosf sf/0f Tof] xfd|f nflu r'gf}lt alg/x]sf] 5 .

a]nf–a]nf /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+snfO{ klg klAnsdf n}hfg] eGg] s'/f cfpF5 . a]nf–a]nf k|lqmof g} ;'? eO;Sof] klg elgG5 . t/ km]l/ of] laifo PsfPs ;fd;'d eOlbG5 < of] laifodf tkfO{;Fu s'g} ck8]6 5 <

#) k|ltzt ;]o/ klAnsdf hfg] lg0f{o klxnf g} ePsf] xf] . of] laifo tLj| ultdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5}g . s'g ;dodf ug]{, s;/L ug]{, s'g df]8fln6Ldf ug]{ eGg] 5nkmn eO/x] klg k|lqmofn] ult eg] lng ;s]sf] 5}g .

;/sf/L a}+s xfFls/xg''ePsf] 5, a}+s/ Ps ljZn]ifs klg xf] . tkfO{sf] lghL ljrf/df dh{/ / PSjLlh;gsf] nx/ 5 lg, o;k5fl8sf] g]kfnsf] a}lsª If]qsf] kl/b[Zo s:tf] aGnf <

dh{/sf] h'g p2]Zo lyof], Tof] ;tk|ltzt k"/f ePg . clxn]sf] jfl0fHo a}+ssf] ;+Vof 36\nf eGg] cfzf ul/Psf] lyof] . kmfOgfG; sDkgL / ljsf; a}+sdf w]/} dfqfdf Tof] s'/f nfu"" eof] . …sÚ ju{sf a}+ssf] ;jfndf Tof] s'/f nfu"" ePg, xsk|baf6} k"FhLj[l4 ug{tkm{ nfu] . t/, Soflk6n a]; a9]sf sf/0f o;sf] ;sf/fTds k|efj g} xf]nf . o;n] a}lsª If]qnfO{ alnof] g} agfpnf .

Soflk6n a]; 7"nf] eof] . g]kfnh:tf] ;fgf] ahf/df Tof] cg';f/sf] ljlhg]z kfpg ufx|f] x'G5 eGg]x? klg b]lvPsf 5g\ <

g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] ^) k|ltzt a}lsª kx'FreGbf aflx/ g} 5 . To;sf/0f, oxfF a}+s w]/} eP eGbf klg hxfF d'gfkmf Hofbf x'G5, hxfF k|f]lkm6 ;]G6/x? 5G, hxfF ;''ud / zx/ s]Gb|Lt 5, ToxfF dfq a}+s uP . ;/sf/n] ca & ;o $$ :yfgLo txsf] s]Gb|df a}+sx?sf] zfvf k'of{pg eg]sf] 5, of] sfd eof] eg] o;n] cfkm\gf] Soflk6n a]; cg';f/ ljlhg]z kfpF5g / o;n] ;du| d'n'ss} cfly{s ljsf;df 7"nf] e"ldsf ;d]t v]Ng ;S5 .

& ;o $$ :yfgd} a}+ssf] zfvf vf]Ng klg t r'gf}lt xf]nf lg <

a}+s ufpFdf k'of{pg'k5{, of] laifo lglj{jfb 5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn] :kL8df hfg'kof]{, xfdL cfkm}+n] sd{rf/L egf{ ug{ kfpFb}gf} . of] k|lqmofaf6 Tof] Doflrª ePg . xfdL Dofg''Pn l;:6ddf 5}gf}, 6]Sgf]nf]hL a];df sfd u5f}{ . sg]lS6Lle6L gk''u]sf] 7fpFdf s;/L hfg] eGg] csf]{ r'gf}lt 5 . a}+ssf] k};f ;'/lIft 7fpFdf /fVg''k5{ . ;'/Iff s;/L ug]{ eGg] csf]{ r'gf}lt 5 . xfd|f] sNr/ / sfd ug]{ z}nL, cEo:t ePsf 7fpF lr/kl/rt 7fpF g} xf] . xfdL ^* lhNnfdf 5f}, ! ;o &$ zfvf 5g\ . xfd|f nflu eg] r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5}g . t/, ;a} a}+ssf nflu eg]sf] a]nfdf k"jf{wf/ g} gePsf] cj:yfdf & ;o $$ :yfgdf k''Ug] eGg] s'/f rflx r'gf}ltk"0f{ g} xf]nf . -lah;fnf68sd_

xfdL b]zs}7"nf] a}+s aGb}5f}+

Branch Offi ceBirgunj,Ghantaghar, Phon : 051- 531834, Shekhar : 9845033231, Raju jee : 9845424999 Birgunj : Bus Park, Sitaram jee : 9812218901

BIRGUNJ, KATHMANDU GAUSHALA

Branch Office

SUBHA LAXMIHead Offi ceSundhara,Kathmandu Phone : 01 -4223106

Arjun: 9841559263, 9843174641

ls/0fs'df/ >]i7;LOcf], /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s

k"FhLsf] lx;fan] xfdL alnof] a}+s x'G5f}, lsgeg] clxn] g} xfd|f] * ca{ %* s/f]8 r'Qmfk"FhL 5 . PgcfO8L;Lsf] ;d]t ylkPkl5 k"FhLdf 7"nf] km8\sf] dfl/G5 . csf]{, g]6jy{ klg xfd|f] lgs} 7"nf] j[l4 x'G5 . Soflk6n a]; / u|fxs ;+Vof 7"nf] x'g] ePsf]n] xfdL dh{/kl5 b]zs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljsf; a}+s aGg]5f} .

@)&$ c;f/ !^ ut] z'qmaf/;fKtflxs

^

lkmkmf clwsf/LnfO{ 3';lbg !) jifL{of aflnsf k|of]u

stf/n] @)@@ sf] lkmkmf ljZjsk km'6ansf] cfof]hgf xft kfg{ nfvf}F 8n/ 3'; lbPsf] bfaL ul/Psf] 5 . stf/sf clwsf/Ln] @) nfv ldlnog 8n/ 3'; lbg lkmkmfsf !) jifL{of 5f]/LnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] hd{gLsf] laN8 kqsf/n] d+unaf/ v'nf;f u/]sf] xf] . t/, lkmkmf clwsf/Lsf] / pgsL 5f]/Lsf] gfd eg] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g .

lkmkmfsf] OlyS; sld6Ln] tof/ kf/]sf] l/kf]6{ cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] klqsfn] bfaL u/]sf] xf] . OlyS; sld6Ln] ;g\ @)!$ df tof/ kf/]sf] l/kf]6{ tTsfnLg lkmkmf clwsf/Lx¿n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyPgg . lkmkmfsf] OlyS; sld6Lsf ldr]n ufl;{ofn] tLg jif{cl3 l/kf]6{ tof/ u/]sf] lyP . t/, l/kf]6{sf] ;fj{hlgs gu/]sf] tyf bf]ifLn] pGd'lQm kfpg ;Sg] cfz+sf ub{} ufl;{ofn] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP . ufl;{ofn] ljz]ifu/L ljZjsksf] cfof]hgfsf] ljifodf ePsf] 3'; n]gb]gdf lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf lyP . t/,k|ltj]bgsf] w]/} tYo ;fj{hlgs lkmkmfsf clwsf/Ln] c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP .

laN8n] d+unaf/ cfkm"n] $ ;o # k]hsf] lkmkmf e|i6frf/sf] kmfOn k|fKt u/]sf] v'nf;f u/]sf] xf] . t/, ;a} tYox¿ lj:tf/} k|sflzt ug{] atfOPsf] 5 . k|ltj]bgdf lkmkmfsf sfo{sf/L ;b:ox¿ a|flhnsf] l/of] bL hg]l/of]df lghL h]6 ljdfgdf uPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!* / @)@@ sf] ljZjsksf] cfof]hssf] 6'+uf] nfUg'cl3 pgLx¿ stf/sf] km'6an ;+3sf] k|fof]hgdf l/of] uPsf lyP . o:t}, stf/sf] P:kfo/ Ps]8]dLn] lkmkmfsf clwsf/Lsf] ef]6nfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ljleGg lqmofsnfk u/]sf] klg atfOPsf] 5 . o;cl3 lkmkmfsf] ljifodf bvn /fVg] Ps kqsf/n] ;g\ @)!* / @)@@ df ljZjsk xft kfg{ 3'; lbOPsf] ljifodf s'g} 7f]; k|df0f gePsf] bfaL ub{} cfPsf lyP . t/, gofF v'nf;f;Fu} pgsf] bfaL unt ePsf] 5 .

dfln+ufnfO{ ^ dlxgf k|ltaGw >Ln+sg lqms]6 6f]nLsf tLa| ultsf an/ nfly; dfln+ufnfO{ ^

dlxgfsf] k|ltaGw nufOPsf] 5 . >Ln+sf lqms]6n] a'waf/ dfln+ufnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg'sf ;fy} cfufdL Pslbj;Lo v]nsf] %) k|ltzt Dofr lkm hl/jfgf lt/fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . >Ln+sfsf v]ns'b dGqL bfof>L ho;]sf/fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ckzAb af]n]sf sf/0f dfln+ufnfO{ k|ltaGw nufOPsf] xf] . ckzAb afn]kl5 >Ln+sf lqms]6sf] 5fglag ;ldltn] dfln+ufnfO{ ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] lyof] .

5fglag sld6Ln] dfln+ufnfO{ bf]ifL 7x/ ub{} sf/afxLsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . sf/afxL;Fu} lhDafa]lj?4 l;l/hsf nflu 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] /fli6«o 6f]nLaf6 dfln+ufsf] gfd x6fOPsf] 5 . dfln+uf lhDafa]lj?4sf] ;'?jftL b'O{ v]ndf >Ln+sg 6f]nLdf ;dfj]z lyP .

5fglag ;ldltn] u/]sf] ;f]wk'5df dfln+ufn] cfkm'n] ulNt u/]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . d+unaf/ ;f]wk'5sf nflu pkl:yt ePsf dfln+ufn] sf/afxL ef]Ug tof/ ePsf] atfpFb} dfkmL dfu]sf 5g\ .

#% ca{df cfOlkPnsf] 6fO6n k|fof]hg d'DaO{÷ lrlgofF df]afOn pTkfbs sDkgL leef]n] #% ca{ !* s/f]8

?k}ofFdf OlG8og lk|ldo/ lnu -cfOlkPn_ lqms]6sf] 6fO6n -zLif{s_ k|fof]hg u/]sf] 5 . leef]n] cfufdL kfFr l;hg -@)!*–@)@@_sf nflu d+unaf/ cfOlkPn;Fu k|fof]hg ;Demf}tf u/]sf] xf] . of] /sd kl5Nnf] kfFr jif{sf] t'ngfdf $ ;o %$ k|ltzt a9L xf] . o;cl3 leef]n] cS6f]a/ @)!% df cfOlkPn;Fu k|fof]hg ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . leef]n] k|fof]hg ug{'cl3 k]lK;sf] OlG8ofn] kfFr jif{sf nflu # ;o (^ s/f]8 ef/tLo ?k}ofFdf k|fof]hg u/]sf] lyof] . leef]n] u/]sf] gofF ;Demf}tf kl5Nnf] jif{sf] eGbf !% k|ltzt a9L xf] . leef]afx]s cGo b'O{ df]afOn sDkgL lhof]gL / OG6]S;n] klg k|fof]hgsf nflu lgj]bg lbP klg af]nsaf]ndf ;xefuL ePgg\ . 6fO6n k|fof]hgsf nflu d+unaf/ d'DaO{df ul/Psf] af]nsaf]ndf cfOlkPnsf cWoIf /fhLj z'Snf tyf lal;l;cfO{sf sfo{jfxs ;lrj cldtfe pkl:yt lyP . leef]n] u/]sf] k|fof]hg ;Demf}tfn] cfOlkPnsf] nf]slk|otfsf] dfkg u/]sf] lal;l;cfO{sf l;Ocf] /fx'n hf]/Ln] atfP .

jfl;d gDa/ Ps 6L–@) an/ kfls:tfgsf Odfb jfl;d cfOl;;L 6L–@) an/sf] klxnf] j/Lotfdf

klxnf]k6s k'u]sf 5g\ . zLif{ :yfgdf /x]sf blIf0f clk|msfsf Od|fg tflx/ t];|f] :yfgdf em/]sf 5g\ . j/Lotfsf] bf];|f] :yfgdf ef/tsf hl:k|t a'd|fx 5g\ . blIf0f clk|msfn] O+UNofG8lj?4sf] tLg v]nsf] 6L–@) l;l/h @–! n] xf/]sf] ef]lnkN6 j/Lotf ;fj{hlgs ul/Fbf jfl;d klxnf] :yfgdf plSnPsf x'g\ . kfls:tfgn] RoflDkoG; 6«kmL lhTbfsf dxTjk"0f{ v]nf8L jfl;dsf] bf];|f] :yfgsf ef/tsf h;lk|t a'd|fxeGbf !^ /]l6ª a9L 5 . Odfbsf] /]l6ª & ;o *) 5 . ef/tsf tLa| ultsf an/ a'd|fxsf] & ;o ^$ /]l6ª 5 . O+UNofG8lj?4sf] l;l/h xfg{'cl3 zLif{ j/Lotfdf /x]sf tflx/ t];|f] :yfgdf embf{ rf}yf] :yfgdf ckmuflg:tfgsf /l;b vfg 5g\ eg] kfFrf}F :yfgdf j]:6 OlG8hsf :ofd'on ab|L /x]sf 5g\ .

6L–@) Aof6\;Dofgsf] klxnf] j/Lotfdf ef/tsf sKtfg lj/f6 sf]xnL sfdo} 5g\ . sf]xnLsf] & ;o (( /]l6ª 5 . bf];|f] j/Lotfdf /x]sf c:6«]lnofsf cf/f]g lkmGrsf] & ;o *& tyf t];|f] :yfgsf Go'lhNofG8sf s]g lalnodG;sf] & ;o $% /]l6ª 5 . rf}yf] :yfgdf & ;o !* /]l6ª ePsf c:6«]lnofsf Un]g DofS;j]n tyf kfFrfF} :yfgdf ^ ;o (( /]l6ªsf ;fy O+UNofG8sf hf]P ?6 5g\ . cn/fpG8sf] klxnf] j/Lotfdf a+unfb]zsf ;lsa cn x;g -#%#_, bf];|f] :yfgdf c:6«]lnofsf DofS;j]n -#$#_, t];|f] :yfgdf ckmuflg:tfgsf df]xdb gfaL -@&%_, rf}yf] :yfgdf j]:6 OlG8hsf dfnf{]g :ofd'oN; -@&!_ / kfFrf}F :yfgdf ef/tsf o'j/fh l;+x -@!)_ 5g\ .

elg/xsf] 5 . t/ P]gn] u/]sf] Joj:yfn] s'g}klg s/bftfnfO{ cof]usf] calw x'g]j]nf;Dd dfq} ph'/L lbg kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&@ c;f]hdf cfof]usf] ;dofjlw ;lsPkl5 cfPsf ph'/Lsf] s'g} cy{ / cf}lrTo x'g] cj:yf ;f] P]gn] u/]sf] 5}g . hjsL cfof]usf] calw /x'Gh]n;Dd ;f] pk/ s'g}klg k|sf/sf] ph'/L k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . To:t} cof]u u7gsf] P]g @)## sf] bkmf !$ df lnvt uf]Ko /xg] ;Gbe{df elgPsf] 5M cfof]udf k|:t't ul/Psf sfuhkqx? Tyf cfof]usf] sf/jfxLsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} ;|f]taf6 yfxf x'g cfPsf s'/fx? uf]Ko /fVg'kg]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} To:tf] sfuhkqx? / uf]Ko s'/fx? s/ lgwf{/0f jf c;"nLsf] k|of]hgsf lgldQ afx]s cGo sfddf k|sfz ul/g] jf s'g} cbfntdf k|df0f nfUg] 5}g / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt lagf s'g} clwsf/Ln] lg/LIf0f jf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu ;d]t dfu ug{ ;Sg]5}g .

x]/f}F P]gsf] bkmf !$ M clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg

cfof]un] r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg P]gsf] ;f] bkmfsf] 7f8f] pn+3g dfq} xf]Og /fHosf P]g sfg'g dfGg gkg]{ pgsf] dg;fo /x]sf] k|i6 b]lvPsf] 5 . lsgsL clVtof/sf] of] sbd s/ km5of}{6 P]g @)## ;Fu l;wf aflemPsf] dfq} 5}g o;sf] dd{ / efjgfdf ;d]t uDeL/ pn+3g ePsf] 5 . olb o;f] ug{'g} lyof] eg] o; cuf8L g} ;+;b dfkm{t of] P]g ;+;f]wg ug{'kg]{ of vf/]h ug{'kg]{ lyof] . bkmf !$ cg';f/ clVtof/n] ;/f;/ cfkm\gf] so{If]qsf] pn+3g dfq} u/]sf] 5}g /fHosf P]g sfg'gsf] wHhL p8fpb} cfkm' cg's'n xs{t ug]{ 5'6 kfPsf] h;/L clVtof/ cuf8L a9]sf] 5 . klxnf] s'/f t olb To:tf sfuh kqx?sf] lg/LIf0f ug{'kg]{ ePdf klg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt lng'kg]{ elgPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ eg]sf] dGqLkl/ifb xf] / tL sfuhkq, k|ltj]bgx? pk/ lg/LIf0f / cg';Gwfg ug{sf nflu dlGqkl/ifbsf] cg'dlt cfaZos k5{ t/ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cof]usf] rngL gDa/ @)*^ dfkm{t @)&$ ;fn h]7 !( ut] r'8fdl0f zdf{sf gfddf sfuhft ;lxt pkl:yt x'g cfpg] elg k]|l;t ul/Psf] cToGt h?/L uf]Ko kqdf cy{ dGqfnosf] kq k|fKt eO{ Joxf]/f cjut g} ePsf] xf]nf elg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 s] a'‰g h?/L 5 eg] clVtof/n] tL sfuhft cg';Gwfgsf nflu dlGqkl/ifbsf] xf]Og cy{dGqfnosf] dfq} cg'ldt lnPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

o; ;Gbe{df ljutsf] 36gf klg dxTjk"0f{ b[i6fGt x'g] b]lvG5 . ;f]lx P]g adf]lhd Pp6} k|s[lt clwsf/ st{Jo ;lxt o;cl3 @)^# df gf/fo0f/fh ltjf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg ;Gbe{df tTsfnLg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf sfo{jfxs k|d'v nlntaxfb'/ lnDj'n] cg';Gwfg ug{'kg]{ elg k7fPsf] kqdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu hf] s/ km5\of}{6 cof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf Tolta]nf klg sfd u/]sf] lyof] p;n] olx P]gsf] xjfnf lbFb} of] cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxL clVtof/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] sof{If]q leq gkg]{ Joxf]/fsf] kq n]lv k7fPsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf xfnsf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm lbk a:g]t ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs x'g'x'GYof] eg] ljefusf] pkdxflgb]{zssf] x}l;otn] jt{dfg cy{ ;lrj zfGt/fh ;'j]bLn] kq n]Vg' ePsf] lyof] . ljefusf] ;f] kq k|fKt u/]kl5 tTsfnLg clVtof/sf sfo{jfxfs k|d'v cfo'Qm lnDj'n] ;f] ljifo lkmtf{ lng' ePsf] lyof] .

ca uDeL/ k|Zg 5 olx P]g Pp6} clwsf/ / pxL st{Jo ;lxt u7g ePsf] tTsfnLg cof]usf xsdf lnvt uf]Ko /xg] bkmf k|efljt x'g] / ;f]lx bkmf adf]lhd tTsfnLg k|d'v cfo'Qmn] ;f] P]gsf] kfngf ug{'kg]{ t/ lbk a:g]t k|d'v cfo'Qm ePsf] a]nf rflxF of] P]g kfngf ug{' gkg]{ xf] / < sL d'n'ssf P]g, lgod / sfg'g klg JolQm lkR5] g} km/s km/s x'G5 < cfkm' ;b:o ;lrj /x]sf a]nf 1ft ePsf] lnvt uf]Ko /xg] bkmf cfkm' k|d'v cfo'Qm x'g] lalts} rflxF c1ft s;/L eof] < sL pgsf nflu of] P]g dflg/xg' gkg]{ xf] < nf]stGqdf

lalw / k|lqmof dxTj"0f{ xf] JolQm xf]Og . :yflkt lalw / d'No dfGotf /fHosf ;a} lgsfo / ;+:yfx?n] kfngf ug{'k5{ .

otf P]gsf] bkmf !& df c;n lgotn] u/]sf]df arfp zLif{sdf o:tf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodadf]lhd c;n lgotn] u/]sf] jf ug{ vf]lhPsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLsf] lgldQ cfof]u, cfof]usf s'g} ;b:o jf cfof]usf cfb]z tyf lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] la?4 s'g} d'2f jf sfg'gL sf/afxL rnfpg kfpg] 5}g elg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

x]/f}F P]gsf] bkmf !&/fHosf nflu dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o

lng'kg]{ ePsf sf/0f xf]nf P]g lgdf{0fsf avt cof]unfO{ cl;ldt clwsf/ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cfly{s laifo Tof] klg /fHosf] /fh:j h:tf] uDeL/ ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o lng'kg]{ ePsfn] olt w]/} cl;ldt clwsf/ / ;'/Iff of] P]gn] cof]u / cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lsf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . r'8fdl0f zdf{ pk/ sf/afxL rnfpg] clVtof/sf] of] sbd ;d]t of] P]gsf] alv{nfk /x]sf] 5 . P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]sf clwsf/L dfly rnfOPsf] of] sf/afxL dflysf] bkmfsf] la?4 /x]sf] k|i6} x'G5 .

s/ km5of}{6 cof]u P]g @)## df pNn]lvt a'Fbfn] s/ km5\of}{6 cfof]unfO{ cl;ldt clwsf/ dfq} lbPsf] 5}g Tolts} ;'/Iff klg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ca To; cof]udf lgo'Qm x'g] s'g} klg kbflwsf/L cfkm\gf] rfxfgf / OR5fn] lgo'Qm x'g] klg xf]Og . ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] ljZjf;sf cfwf/df To; cfof]usf kbflwsf/L rog ug]{ xf] . ca o; cfof]u dfkm{t olb /fHosf]ifdf xflg gf]S;fgL ePsf] xf] eg] o; k|sf/sf] cfof]u of] klxn k6s u7g ePsf] xf]Og . )$^ ;fn kl5 dfq} klg ( k6s o:tf] cfof]usf] u7g eO;s]sf] 5 . s/ km5of}{6 ug]{ eg]sf] b]lvPsf] c+s eGbf sd c+sg} /fHosf]ifdf bflvnf x'g] cj:yf xf] eg]/ klg a'‰g' cfjZos 5 . hlt c+s b]lvPsf] 5 ;f]lx cg';f/sf] s/ bflvnf /fHosf] sf]ifdf x'g] ePsf] eP o; k|sf/sf] cfof]u agfpg'kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t kSs} /xg] lyPg . ?U0f / c;'n pk/ x'g c;Dej ePsf s/x?nfO{ b'O{klIfo 5nkmnsf cfwf/df gofF ;]6nd]06 ug{sf nflu g} o; k|sf/sf cof]ux? u7g ePsf x'g .

s] o:tf] cfof]u klxnf]k6s u7g eof] <

kSs} klg o:tf] cfof]u klxnf] k6s u7g ePsf] xf]Og . g dxfn]vfn kl/Ifssf] sfof{nfon] k|Zg u/]sf] of] klxnf] cfof]u g} xf] . xfdLn] dfly g} rrf{ uof}{ ls )$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g kl5 dfq} o:tf cfof]u ( j6f u7g eO;s]sf 5g . Pp6} P]gsf] cfwf/, pxL k|fjwfg, p:t} lhDd]jf/L / st{Jo ;lxt u7g ePsf o;cl3sf cof]ux?sf] xsdf 5fgljg cg';Gwfg x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f lsg < olb o; cof]u dfkm{t e|i6frf/ ePsf] dfGg] xf] eg] o;cl3sf klg ;a} cfof]udf e|i6frf/ ePsf] 5 . lsgsL s'g}klg cfof]un] p7fpg'kg]{ elg b]lvPsf] /fh:jsf] c+s 36L g} lgwf{/0f u/]sf 5g o;cl3sf cfof]ux?n] klg . / nfdf] ;dob]lv dxfn]vf k/LIfssf k|ltj]bgx?n] klg o:tf cfof]usf ;Gbe{df k|Zg v8f u/]sf 5g . ;osf] ;o k|ltzt c+s /fh:jdf hDdf x'g] ePsf] eP To:tf] cj:yfdf lsg o:tf] cfof]u u7g ug{'kg]{ lyof] / < cem o;df dxTjk"0f{ kIf s] 5 eg] lautsf cGo cfof]usf] sfol{\alw / sfd ug]{ tl/sf km/s ePklg &! / ^# df ckgfOPsf] sfol{\alw eg] h:tfsf] t:t} /x]sf] 5 . ^# ;fndf ;f] cfof]un] h] dfkb08 ckgfPsf] lyof] l7s &! ;fndf klg Tolx dfkb08 ckgfOPsf] 5 . lsgls &! ;fnsf] cof]usf cWoIf n'DaWjh dxt To;cl3 ^# ;fndf u7g ePsf] cfof]usf ;d]t ;b:o /x]sf lyP . cWoIf dxtn] cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] cg'ejs} cfwf/df &! ;fndf s/ 5'6sf] dfkb08 / sfol{\alw lgwf{/0f u/]sf lyP .

ca k|Zg v8f x'G5 &! ;fnsf] cof]u dfkm{t e|i6frf/ ePsf] eP kSsf 5 e|i6frf/ ^# ;fnsf] cof]u dfkm{t klg ePsf] 5 lsgeg] Tolta]nf klg &! ;fns} h:tf] ul/ s/ 5'6 lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 h'g b'j} cfof]usf] dfkb08 / sfol{\alw x'jx' /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]udf a;]sf r'8fdl0f zdf{ sf/afxLsf] eflubf/ x'g] t/ To; cfof]udf a;]sf lbk a:g]tn] rflxF pGd'lQm kfpg' kg]{ sf/0f lsg < olb o; cfof]u dfkm{t e|i6frf/ ePsf] eP cl3Nnf] cfof]udf klg ;f]lx k|s[ltsf] e|i6frf/ ePsf] 5 / r'8fdl0fnfO{ sf/afxL ePh;/L lbk a:g]t dfyL klg ;+;b dfkm{t dxfcleof]u nufP/ 5fgljg ug{'k5{ / /fHosf]ifsf] lx;fj ;a}af6 af/af/ lng'k5{ . /fHosf] gh/df b'j} cof]udf ;dfg x}l;otdf a;]sf zdf{ / a:g]t ;dfg x'g . gq Pp6} k|s[ltsf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug]{ b'O{ /fi6«;]jsnfO{ km/s km/s dfkb08 lsg < / csf]{ dxTjk''0f{ s'/f lt b'O{ cfof]u dfq} xf]Og o;k|sf/sf ;a} cof]unfO{ lsg 5fgljgsf] bfo/fdf gNofpg] < sf/afxL ug{'kg]{ eP ;a}nfO{ ug{'kg]{ gq Pp6} P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ &! ;fnsf kbflwsf/L dfyLsf] wfjf af]nfO{ sbfjL Gofo;+ut 5}g .

oL ;a} laifosf] ;'Id cWoog ubf{ s] a'lemG5 eg] of] s'g} e|i6frf/sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ / /fHosf] lxt ug{ rflnPsf] sbd xf]Og ls clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm lbk a:g]tsf] cfkm\gf] JolQmut l/l;lj ;fWg of] lg0f{o lnPsf 5g . cfkm\gf] :jfyl{\;l4sf nflu r'8fdl0f zdf{nfO{ sf]kefhgdf kfg]{ sfd pgLaf6 ePsf] 5 . /fHo / /fHosf ;a} c+u lalwsf] zf;gaf6 rNg'k5{ ha–ha s'g}klg ;+:yfx? lalwsf] zf;gaf6 xf]Og JolQmsf] nx8, ;gs / :jfy{af6 rNg yfNb5g ta pgLx?nfO{ 7Ls 7fpFdf /fVgsf nflu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Wofg ;dod} hfg'k5{ . gq /fHosf P]g sf'g'gsf] wHhL p8fpg] clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g . P]g / ;f] cfof]u cfhsf] lbgdf cfjZos 5}g eg] ;dod} /fhgLlts g]t[Tj / ;+;bn] vf/]h jf ;+;f]wg ug{'k5{ . -cfhsf] Go'h_

lbk a:g]tsf] k|ltzf]wsf] l;sf/====

@)&$ c;f/ !^ ut] z'qmaf/;fKtflxs

&

w'd'{;–;'GtnLnfO{dbg e08f/L k'/:sf/

xf:o snfsf/åo ;Ltf/fd s§]n-w'd'{;_ / s'~hgf l3ld/]-;'GtnL_ o; jif{sf] dbg e08f/L k'/:sf/af6 k'/:s[t ePsf 5g\ .

^^cf}F dbg hGdhoGtLsf cj;/df dbg e08f/L kmfpG8];gåf/f a'waf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pgLx¿ k'/:s[t ePsf x'g\ . sfo{qmddf Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] s§]n bDktLnfO{ hgxL Ps÷Ps nfv ?k}Fof gub /flzsf] k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/] . e"sDkkLl8tsf nflu gd'gf PsLs[t a:tL lgdf{0f u/L ;fdflhs ;]jfsf] If]qdf of]ubfg u/]afkt pgLx¿ k'/is[t ePsf x'g\ . cl3Nnf] jif{ 8f= eujfg\ sf]O/fnf / dxfjL/ k'g ;f]

k'/:sf/af6 k'/:s[t ePsf lyP . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} s]kL cf]nL, sf+u|]; g]tf 8f= /fdz/0f

dxt, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7, kmf]/d nf]stflGqs g]kfnsf pkfWoIf lht]Gb|gf/fo0f b]j, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/dsf k|d'v ;r]ts 8f= lzjhL ofbj nufot g]tfn] snfsf/åo w'd'{;–;'GtnLn] lgdf{0f ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] …gd'gf g]kfnÚ kl/of]hgsf nflu z'esfdgf JoQm u/]sf lyP . cleg]tf s§]nn] ;+;f/e/ g]kfnsf] klxrfg :yflkt x'g] u/L kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsfn] ;a} If]qaf6 ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] atfP .

sf7df8f}+df cflbjf;L rnlrq dxf]T;j

/fhwfgLdf cfufdL c;f/ !& ut]b]lv tLg lbg …cflbjf;L hghflt rnlrq dxf]T;jÚ x'g] ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+sf] ko{6g af]8{df rNg] dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt rnlrq dxf;+3n] ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . dxf;+3n] ut jif{ lkmNd k|bz{g tyf cGtlq{mof sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . lkmNdsdL{ tyf ;xefuL bz{ssf] ;'emfacg';f/ dxf;+3n] o;k6s dxf]T;j ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

dxf]T;jdf ljleGg cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf !* j6f lkmNd k|bz{g ul/g]5 . ;s];Dd w]/} cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L lkmNd 5gf]6 ul/Psf] cfof]hs dxf;+3sf cWoIf cd[taxfb'/ ;'g'jf/n] cjut u/fP . cflbjf;L snf, efiff / ;+:s[lt a'em\gsf nflu dxf]T;j

pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ;'g'jf/n] k|s6 u/] .k|To]s lkmNdnfO{ cfof]hsn] k|f]T;fxg:j¿k kfFr

xhf/ ?k}ofF k|bfg ug]{5 . g]kfnsf] lkmNd dxf]T;jdf ;xefuLnfO{ gub pknAw u/fpg nfu]sf] of] klxnf] cj;/ xf] . dxf]T;jdf cjf8{sf] Joj:yf 5}g . t/, dxf]T;jsf] clGtd lbg bz{s5gf]6 cjf8{ kfpg] lkmNdnfO{ @% xhf/ ?k}ofFn] k'/:s[t ul/g]5 . bz{sn] l6s6sf] cws§L k|of]u u/]/ cfkm\gf] dt k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

dxf]T;jdf 5gf]6 ePsf lkmNddf sd{ Sof -u'?ª_, aGyL -dfemL_, km]s] -d'ufn_, bvn -/fhj+zL_, k'jfnf] -/fO{_, Aof;f -/fO{_, gfuf -gfuf_, k]sf];fdf -lnDa"_, lhltof -yf¿_, nf]Daf -du/_, a'Daf -tfdfª_, sNnL -g]jf/_, :6f]/L ckm 6fOd -g]jf/_, ª\of] y'd} -u'?ª_, Tofu -u'?ª_, 6f9fsf] dfof -u'?ª_, 5\ofFafx|fdL -u'?ª_ / u'7 -du/_ 5g\ .

s[sf] km:6{n's

xfn ;'l6ª eO/x]sf] lkmNd …s[Úsf] km:6{n's kf]:6/ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . ;'/]Gb| kf}8]nsf] lgb{]zgdf

e'jg s];L / ;'jf; lu/L lgdf{tf /x]sf] s[sf] kf]:6/df cgdf]n s];LnfO{ PS;g cjtf/df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

sflt{s # ut] k|bz{g x'g] lkmNddf cgdf]nsf ;fy ;/f]h vgfn, ¿kf /fgf, cg'kljqmd zfxL, clblt a'9fyf]sL, sfd]Zj/ rf}/l;ofnufotn] clego u/]sf 5g\ . ;'/]Gb|s} syf / ;Dkfbg /x]sf] lkmNdsf] 5fof+sf/ k'?iff]Qd k|wfg x'g\ . b'O{ s/f]8eGbf a9L nufgL nfUg] atfOPsf] …s[Ú;Fu} /]vf yfkfsf] …?b|lk|ofÚ / /d]z pk|]tLsf] …P]Zjof{Ú k|bz{g x'g] ahf/df rrf{ 5 .

b]zk/b]zsf] d'x"t{lgb{]zs /fh' lu/Ln] gofF lkmNd …b]z–k/b]zÚsf]

3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ . c;f/ t];|f] ;ftfaf6 ;'l6ª yflng] lkmNdsf] a'waf/ /fhwfgLdf z'ed'x"t{ ul/of] .

/fh' lu/L k|f]8S;g / ;f]gL lkmNd;\sf] Aofg/df aGg] lkmNddf ;fl/sf s];L, k|]d ;f]gL, z"/jL/ kl08t, kNk;f 8+uf]n, /ZdL e§, z]/axfb'/ u'?ªnufotn] clego ub{} 5g\ . lgb{]zs lu/Ln] b]z–k/b]zn] lgs} uxg ljifo p7fPsf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . /fh'sf …dvdnLÚ, …laGbf; $Ú, …lzjd\Únufotsf lkmNd k|bz{gsf] qmddf 5g\ .

Ps;fy tLg k|ltof]lutf x'g] Ps} d~rdf Ps;fy ld; /fhwfgL, ld:6/ /fhwfgL

/ ld;]h /fhwfgL–)!& u/L tLgj6f k|ltof]lutf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . PS;kf]h g]kfnn] cfOtaf/ lj1lKtdfkm{t Ps;fy oL tLg km/s k|ltof]lutfsf] cfj]bg v'nf ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . ld; /fhwfgL / ld:6/ /fhwfgLdf !% b]lv !( jif{;Ddsf cljjflxt o'jfo'jtL / ld;]; /fhwfgLdf eg] @! jif{b]lv $% jif{ ggf3]sf ljjflxt dlxnfn] efu lng kfpg] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . o'jfo'jtL tyf ljjflxtnfO{ ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ug{ tLg lsl;dsf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] syg PS;kf]h g]kfnsL k|aGw lgb{]zs cr{gf yfkfsf] 5 .

z]/axfb'/ aGb} /ft] sfO“nf…z]/axfb'/Ú gfds lkmNd lgdf{0f x'g] ePsf] 5 .

lkmNdsf] d+unaf/ /fhwfgLdf z'ed'x"t{ ul/of] . /fh' /fhj+zLsf] lgb{]zgdf aGg] lkmNddf ;'gLn

yfkf z]/axfb'/ aGg] ePsf 5g\ . k'/fgf Sofd]/fDofg uf}/Lz+s/ w'h" / wL/h /fhj+zL lgdf{tf /x]sf] lkmNdsf] clwsf+z b[Zo ;]6df lvlrg] atfOPsf] 5 .

z]/axfb'/n] cfkm"nfO{ /ft] sfOFnfemF} gofF kl/ro lbg] ljZjf; cleg]tf yfkfsf] 5 . pgn] cfkm" oxL lkmNdsf nflu d'DaO{af6 /fhwfgL cfPsf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . lkmNddf yfkfsf ;fydf d]g'sf k|wfg, sdf{, /jLGb| emfnufotn] clego ub{} 5g\ . w'h"n] emG8} 8]9 bzscl3 …3'D6f]Ú gfds lkmNd lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP .

Pg;]ndf æ;a}nfO{ pkxf/x/]s lbg nuftf/Æ ckm/

df]afOn ;]jfk|bfos sDkgL Pg;]nn] u|fxsnlIft …;a}nfO{ pkxf/ x/]s lbg nuftf/Ú of]hgf NofPsf] 5 . o;cGt{ut Pg;]nsf u|fxsn] ca #) lbg;Dd x/]s lbg cfsif{s af]g; pkxf/ kfpg]5g\ .

c;f/ !$ b]lv nfu" x'g] ckm/df Pg;]nsf u|fxsn] Pl:6«S; !&!@$ x\of; 8fon u/L lgb]{zgcg';f/ cyjf c+u|]hLdf …PÚ 6fOk u/L !&!@$ df P;PdP; k7fO{ of]hgfdf lgMz'Ns ;xefuL x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

of]hgfdf ;xeflutf hgfPkl5 u|fxsn] ljljw pkxf/dWo] x/]s lbg lglZrt 8f6f ef]No'd, af]g; 6s 6fOd, af]g; P;PdP;nufotdWo]af6 s'g} Ps pkxf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . cfsif{s pkxf/cGt{ut u|fxsn] !)) PdaL, @) PdaL, !) PdaL 8]6f, !% ldg]6 af]g; 6s 6fOd, !% ldg]6 gfO6 6s 6fOd af]g;, !) ldg]6 8] 6s 6fOd af]g; / @) af]g; P;PdP;nufotsf pkxf/dWo] s'g} Ps x/]s lbg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

k|fKt pkxf/ u|fxsn] ;f]xL lbg cyf{t\ /flt !@ ah]leq k|of]u u/L ;Sg'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] Pg;]nn] hgfPsf] 5 . /flt !@ ah]kl5 cl3Nnf] lbgsf] af]g; pkxf/ :jtM ;lsg]5 eg] u|fxsn] k'gM To; lbgsf] dWo/ft;Dd dfGo x'g] pkxf/ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . k|fKt af]g; 6s 6fOd / P;PdP; Pg;]n g]6js{df dfq nfu" x'g]5 . …u|fxsnfO{ ;w}F pTs[i6 ;]jf cg'ej k|bfg ug'{ Pg;]nsf] pRr k|fyldstf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ckm/n] u|fxsnfO{ cfkm\gf lk|ohg;Fu yk ;Dks{df /xg ;Dej agfpFb} nfe k|bfg ug]{5,Ú Pg;]nsf skf]{/]6 ;+jfblj1 ldng zdf{n] eg] .

PgcfO;L Pl;ofsf] j[If/f]k0fPgcfO;L Pl;of a}+sn] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjcGtu{t

w/fgl:yt lakL sf]O/fnf lj1fg :jf:Yo k|lti7fg kl/;/df ( ;o %) yfg la?jf j[If/f]k0f u/]sf] 5 . a}+s / k|lti7fgaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg'¿k k|lti7fg kl/;/df k|lti7fgsf kbflwsf/Lnufotsf] pkl:yltdf j[If/f]k0f ul/Psf] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . a}+sn] d'n'se/ /x]sf zfvfsf] kxndf b]zsf ljleGg :s'n, c:ktfn, ;/sf/L sfof{no kl/;/, pBfg, v]ns'b d}bfg cflbh:tf :yfgdf j[If/f]k0f Pj+ ;+/If0fsf nflu pko'Qm :yfg 5gf]6 u/L ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df j[If/f]k0f ul//x]sf] 5 .

a}+sn] cfj )&#÷&$ leq & xhf/ la?jf j[If/f]k0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . j[If/f]k0faf6 jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng / xl/ofnL sfod ug{ of]ubfg k'Ug]] ljZjf; a}+sn] lnPsf] 5 .

nIdL a}+ssf] af]g; ;]o/ kfl/tnIdL a}+ssf] !^cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn]

;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg kfl/t ug{'sf ;fy} cfj )&@÷)&# sf] ljQLo ljj/0fdfly 5nkmn u/L :jLs[t u/]sf] ;~rfns ;ldlt cWoIf zDe'k|;fb cfrfo{n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;fwf/0f;efn] cfj )&@÷&# ;Ddsf] ;l~rt d'gfkmfaf6 )&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfod ;]o/ k'FhLsf] #* k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ ljt/0f ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 .

af]g; ;]o/ )&# c;f/ d;fGtkl5 k|f]km];gn lbofnf] ljsf; a}+snfO{ k|flKt u/]afkt k|f]km];gnsf ;]o/wgLnfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] ;]o/ tyf !)) k|ltzt xsk|b ;]o/kl5 xfn sfod k'FhLsf] !*=@( k|ltzt x'g]5 .

k|f]km];gn lbofnf]af6 sfod eO{ cfPsf ;]o/wgL, !)) k|ltzt xsk|b ;]o/sf] afF8kmfF8af6 sfod ;]o/wgL tyf cljtl/t xsk|b ;]o/sf] lnnfdLaf6 sfod ;]o/wgL;d]t af]g; ;]o/ kfpgof]Uo x'g]5g\ .

a}+ssf] r'Qmf k'FhLdf ;+:yfks ;]o/sf] c+z %! k|ltzt sfod /xg] u/L ;+:yfks ;]o/nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f ;]o/df kl/0ft ug]{ k|:tfj;d]t ;fwf/0f;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .;fwf/0f;efn] ;j{;fwf/0f ;]o/wgLaf6 ljZjs/0f h}g tyf >LdtL :jflt ?+u6fnfO{ ;~rfns ;ldltdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .

w/fgdf d~h'>Lsf] zfvfd~h'>L kmfOgfG;n] ;'g;/Lsf] w/fgl:yt dx]Gb|kydf zfvf lj:tf/ u/L

sf/f]af/ ;'? u/]sf] 5 . w/fg;lxt sDkgLsf zfvf ( k'u]sf 5g\ .sDkgLsf ;~rfns ;ldlt cWoIf bfdf]b/k|;fb uf}tdn] zfvf pb\3f6g

u/]sf lyP . r'Qmf k'FhL &@ s/f]8 $# nfv &* xhf/ % ;o sDkgLsf] xfn lgIf]k #=%) ca{ tyf shf{ #=&! ca{ kl/rfng u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

dlxGb|f sf/ /]l;ªdf ;xefuLdlxGb|f uf8Ln] k|fljlws ;'wf/;Fu} gf]e]Da/ @)!# b]lv kmd'{nf O{ /]l;ª

l;l/hdf ;xefuL x'Fb} cfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . dlxGb|fn] @)!$ ;]K6]Da/df a]Olhªdf ;DkGg kmd'{nf O{ RoflDkogl;kdf ;xefuL ePsf] lyof] .

;g\ @))* df On]lS6«s ;jf/Ln] k'ghL{jg kfPkl5 On]lS6«s ;jf/L /]l;ªdf klg k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . kmd'{nf O{ RoflDkogl;k bzj6f ;d"x–l6ddf ljefhg u/L k|To]sdf b'O{hgf rfns /fvL sl/a @ b]lv #=$ lsnf]ld6/ c:yfoL 6«ofs lgdf{0f u/L ug]{ ul/G5 .

kmd'{nf O{ / o;sf] cjwf/0ff PkmcfOP cWoIf h]g 6f]8\6n] ;g\ @)!@ df NofPsf lyP . kmd'{nf O{sf sfo{sf/L clws[t Pn]h]Gb|f] cfun] o;nfO{ nfu" u/]sf x'g\ . dlxGb|f Pd # On]S6«f] /]; sf/sf ;fy cn On]lS6«S; RoflDkogl;kdf k|lt:kwL{sf ¿kdf ;xefuL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . …xfdL kl5Nnf rf/ /]l;ªsf ;fy t];|f] l;hgdf k'u]sf 5f}F, oxfF;Dd xfd|f] pkl:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs /xFb} cfPsf] 5,Ú dlxGb|f /]l;ª kmd'{nf O{ l6dsf cWoIf lbnau lunn] eg] . PkmcfOP kmd'{nf O{ RoflDkogl;k Ps l;+un l;6/ /]l;ª l;l/h xf] . On]lS6«s ;jf/Ln] @))* df cfP/ dfq k'ghL{jg kfPsf] xf] . k'ghL{jg;Fu} o:tf ;jf/L /]l;ªdf klg k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfndf dlxGb|f uf8Lsf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf clUg OGskf]{/]6 u|'k xf] .

@)&$ c;f/ !^ ut] z'qmaf/;fKtflxs

*

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs M b]j]Gb| r'8fn sfof{no M a'4gu/, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M $&*)@(%, df]= M (*$!@%$**% Od]n M abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com d'b|0f M ;'gufef lk|lG6ª k|];, afuahf/

lh=k|=sf=sf=b=g+= #&÷)$)÷)$! d=If]=x'= lg= b= g+= !÷)^%÷)^^

g]kfn ;/sf/;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

;'j]bL===

ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx?k|ltsf] gsf/fTds ;f]r

cfh}b]lv cGTo u/f}+ .

cfof]udf===

k[YjLgf/fo0f===

ljb]zL===

sf+u|]; / dfcf]jfbL===

;jf]{Rr cbfntdf Ps d'Vo /lhi6«f/ /xg] Joj:yf u/]g';f/ ;'j]bL d'Vo /lhi6«f/df l;kmfl/; ePsf x'g\ .

;jf]{Rr cbfnt P]g @)$* sf] bkmf ( df d'Vo /lhi6«f/n] k|wfgGofofwL;sf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg / lgoGqdf /xL ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|zf;sLo k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . d'Vo /lih6«f/sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj ;/x x'g]5 . Ps bzsb]lv ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf pQm kbsf] dfu ub}{ cfPklg clxn] dfq pQm kb l;h{gf ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} klxnf] k6s ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] d'Vo /lhi6«f/df ag]sf ;'j]bLn] lqljaf6 ;dfhzf:qdf PdP, g]kfn n SofDk;af6 ;+j}wflgs sfg'gdf PnPnPd / j]nfotaf6 OG6g]zgn x\o'dg /fO6\;df PnPnPd u/]sf 5g\ . clxn] ;'j]bL ljsf;sf] clwsf/ / Gofofkflnsfsf] e"ldsfdf ljBfjfl/wL ub}{ 5g\ . d'Vo /lhi6f/ ePsf]df ;'j]bLnfO{ xfd|f]tkm{af6 xflb{s awfO{ .

xfntdf klg 8udufpg glbg] cfZjf;g ;d]t lbPsf lyP .

;u/dfyf cf/f]xL k]Djf z]kf{n] ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] kmf]6f] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f / g]kfnL ;]gfsf] em08f kmx/fP/ /fhwfgL kms]{kl5 k]Daf lxdlrt'jfsf ?kdf k|Voft cfªl5l/Ë z]kf{nufotnfO{ ?Sdf+ub s6jfn 6«i6n] ;Ddflgt u/]sf] lyof] . z]kf{ xfn;Dd @! k6s ;u/dfyf r9]sf / !) k6s ljgf clS;hg ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf lyP . ;f] ;df/f]xdf z]kf{nfO{ lulgh a's ckm jN8{ /]s8{n] k|bfg u/]sf b'O{j6f k|df0fkq ;d]t k|wfg;]gfklt IfqLn] k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

k|wfg;]gfklt IfqLn] g]kfnsf PsLs/0fsf gfos k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf k|lts :jLsf/ u/]klg xfn;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] zfxnfO{ Pstfsf] k|lts / /fi6« lgdf{tf :jLsf/ ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ca zfxnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf k|lts / /fi6« lgdf{tfsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug{ k|wfg;]gfklt IfqLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqLnufot /fhg}lts bnx?;Fu jftf{ ul/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|ltssf ?kdf ;/sf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ dgfpg] ljZjf; ToxfF pkl:yt ePsf dxfg'efjx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . ;]gfn] dfq Pstfsf k|lts dfg]/ s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}gf ;/sf/n] g} To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/ zfxsf] of]ubfgsf sb/ ug{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

/ lg0f{o slxn] ug]{ < @ jif]{ sfo{sfn ;lsP/ km]l/ Dofb ylkPsf] 5 t/ hgo'4sfnLg d'2fx?df cfddfkmL lbg'k5{ eg]/ dxfGofolwjQmf /d0f >]i7sf] bafa ;d]t v]Kg g;s]/ cfof]u rndnfpg g;s]sf] xf] .

/d0f >]i7sf] k|:tfj 5, hgo'4sfnLg ;a} d'2fx?df cfddfkmL lbg l;kmfl/; ug]{ / kLl8tx?nfO{ /fHon] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{ . o;f] ubf{ åGå zflGtdf ?kfGt/0f x'G5 / a]kQf tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u klg ;kmn x'G5 . t/ ljZjhutsf dfgjflwsf/jfbLx? kL8snfO{ b08 / kLl8tnfO{ Gofo x'g}k5{ elg/x]sf 5g\ . kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s;/L cfddfkmL lbG5f}+ x]/f}+ t eg]/ va/ bf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . oxL va/bf/Ln] ubf{ b'a} cfof]u nf]stlfGqs ;/sf/sf] sl/8/sf] ;hfj6sf] udnf ag]/ la/fhdfg /x]sf] 5 .

sfd b]vfpgsf nflu ;"o{ls/0f u'?ªn] aNn af]n]sf 5g\– bf]>f] r/0fsf] r'gfjkl5 d]nldnfk cfof]un] 5'6]sf åGåkLl8tx?sf] ph'/L ;+sng ul/g]5 .

;+slnt ph'/Lsf] l5gf]kmfgf] ug{ g;Sg]n] yk ph'/L lnP/ ug{ vf]h]sf] s] xf] < k|fKt ph'/Ldf s'g} 5fglag ePsf 5}gg\ . PskN6 dfcf]jfbL g]tfn] xkf/]kl5 % dlxgf logsf] cg'xf/;d]t s;}n] b]v]gg\ . cfof]un] cfh kL8sx? v'nf 3'Dg / kLl8tx? /utsf] cfF;' /f]O/xg' kg]{ lyPg . cfof]usf cg';f/ xfn;Dd %* xhf/ %@ j6f ph'/L btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . bf];|f] r/0fsf] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rgnuQ} 5'6]sf kLl8tsf] k'gMph'/L lng] ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ cfof]un] tof/L u/]sf] atfpFb} pgn] eg], jf:tljs kLl8tnfO{ /fxt / bf]ifL JolQmnfO{ sf/afxLsf nflu l;kmfl/; / cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/LnfO{ k|b]z:t/df cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df cfxtdf k/]sfnfO{ /fxt lbOg]5, To;sf ;fy} b'j} kIfnfO{ d]nldnfk s;/L ug]{ eGg] ;f]rsf ;fy sfd cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . cyf{t hgo'4sfnLg d'2fx? cem} /a/ tGsfPem}+ tGsfP/ nDAofOb}5 . l9nf] Gofo lbg' klg cGofo xf] eGg] dfGotfsf] s;Ldf o:tf cfof]ux? cGofo ul//x]sf 5g\ .

/fhkfsf cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/n] nufPsf 5g\ . 7fs'/sf cg';f/ k|wfgdGqL;Fu e]6\bf ltg a'Fb] adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof yk, d'2f lkmtf{ tTsfn ub{5f}F eGg] t/ slxNo} s]xL gug]{ k|j[lQ b]lvPsf]n] klxn] Pdfn]k|lt dw]zdf b]lvPsf] l/ofG;g ca sf+u|]; dfcf]jfbLdf ;/]sf] cWoIf 7fs'/sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

ljutsf em'7f d'2f vf/]h ug'{sf] abnf ljleGg lhNnfdf cfGbf]ngsf/L cfkm\gf sfo{stf{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ck/fwdf d'2f rnfOPsf] eGb} r'gfjL cfrf/;+lxtf

b]vfP/ :yfgLo tx ;+Vof yKg] lg0f{o cbfntn] /f]sf];\ eg]/ sdhf]/ sfg"gL w/ftn 6]s]/} ;/sf/n] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] eGb} 7fs'/n] d+unaf/ Ps lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ ;]gf, z;:q / hgkb k|x/L kl/rfng u/]/ ;/sf/n] hgtfdf cft+s dRrfPsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . /fhkfsf jl/i7 pkfWoIf x[boz lqkf7Ln] s]xL lbg klxnf g} b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lng] pb\3f]if u/]klg /fhkfsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{n] ;/sf/ lul/xfNg] cj:yf g/x]sf]n] /fhkfn] wDSofpFb}df b]pjf ;/sf/nfO{ tTsfn} s'g} ;+s6 cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf g} b]lvPsf] 5}g .

ck|Tofl;t xf/ a]xf]/]klg /fk|kfsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt gePsf] eGb} kf6L{n] lnPsf] Ph]08f / c8fgsf sf/0f /fk|kfsf] cf}lrTo cem a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ca /fk|kf pu|?kdf cufl8 a9\g] ePsf]n] To;} cg'?k cl3 a9\g kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ tof/ /xg cfu|x;d]t u/]sf lyP . kf6L{sf] PsLs/0fkl5 ;+u7gsf] tNnf tx;Dd kf6L{ k'Ug gkfpFb} :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg' k/]sf]n] klg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf xf/ a]xf]g'{k/]sf] ts{ yfkfsf] lyof] .

cWoIf yfkfn] t/fO{If]qdf ljv08gsf/L efjgf a9\b} uPsf]k|lt lrGtf JoQm ub}{ pgn] eg] clxn] 89]nf]sf] lemNsf] dfq b]lvPsf] 5 To;nfO{ j]jf:tf u/] ufpF g} Wj:t x'g ;S5 eGb} lxhf] c;kmn ePsfx?n] g} cfh b]zsf] g]t[tj ul//x]sf]n] To;n] sfnfGt/df b]zsf] cv08tfdf cfFr cfpg ;Sg] uDeL/ vt/f /x]sf]n] To;k|lt ;hu /xg ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ;d]t u/]sf lyP . nf]stGqsf] cf8df ltgbnLo l;lG8s]6 xfjL ePsfn] hgtfn] nf]stqsf] cg'e"lt ;d]t ug{ gkfPsf] atfpFb} efuj08fdf ltg bn ldn]sf 5g\ b]vfpgsf nflu a]nf a]nfdf lj/f]w u/]sf] h:tf] b]vfPklg ltg 7"nf bn Ps} 7fpFdf /x]sf] cf/f]k cWoIf yfkfsf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf sf+u|];, Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL km]l/ Ps} 7fpFdf pleg ;Sg] yfkfsf] cleJolQm lyof] .

zdf{sf xsdf eg] Tof] cfsif{0f x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . kZrufdL sfg"g agfP/ s;}nfO{ sf/afxL ug{ kfOFb}g, of] k|fs[lQs Gofosf] l;4fGt ljkl/tsf] sfo{;d]t ePsf]n] zdf{sf] d'2fdf clVtof/ g/fd|f];Fu km:g

;Sg] ;Defjgf ePkl5 k|d'v cfo'Qm a:g]t / cGo cfo'Qmx? g} ca s;/L o; d'2faf6 aflx/ lg:sg] eGb} lbgx'F 5nkmndf Jo:t ePsf 5g\ . ;"qsf cg';f/ a:g]t afx]ssf cfo'Qmx?n] klxnf] s/ km:of}{6 P]g @)## sf] bkmf !$ cg';f/ d'2f rnfpg g;lsg] atfPsf] ePklg a:g]tsf] lg0f{odf pgLdfly d'2f rnfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] .

r'8fdl0fsf]===

r'gfj===dtu0fgf bf]xf]¥ofpg] / :ylut ug]{ sfd ePsf] eGb} Pdfn]nufot cGosf] ;'gjfO{ g} ePg . a? k|lqmofaf6 hfpF elgof], of] ;/f;/ unt xf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf cf]nL eg] . ;f]xL qmddf cf]nLn] eg] ef/tsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"t lbks'df/ pkfWoof k|lt ;+s]t ub}{ eg] r'gfjdf /fhb"t ;d]t vl6P, sfo{stf{ x'g dg nfu]sf] eP lsg /fhb"t x'g'k¥of] .

klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf bf]nvfdf /fHokIfsf] ldnf]dtf]df a'y SofKr/ x'Fbf;Dd bf]ifLdfly sf/afxL gePsf]df cWoIf cf]nLn] cfklQ hgfpFb} bf]ifLdfly sf/afxL x'g'sf] ;§f pN6f] Pdfn]sf ;+f;bdfly d'2f rnfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] eGb} To;k|lt s8f cfklQ hgfPsf lyP . o;/L ;QfkIf / k|d'v k|ltkIfLaLr g} Psn] csf]{nfO{ wfFwnL u/]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf] x'gfn] cGo ;fgf bnx? eg] 7"nf kf6L{sf] sf]kefhgdf k/]sf 5g\ .

/fhkfåf/f dw];nfO{====txsf] ;+Vof yKg'kg]{ dfu /fVb} lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] 3f]if0ff u/]klg p;sf ;dy{s sfo{stf{x?n] eg] bf];|f] r/0fs]f lgjf{rgdf efu lnPsf 5g\ . k|b]z g+= @ df lgjf{rg g} gePsf] cj:yfdf bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rg x'g] lbg c;f/ !$ ut] k|b]z g+= @ df cfd x8\tfnsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] x'gfn] To; k|b]zsf hgtfn] /fhkfsf] pQm sfo{sf] Jofks lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . /fhkfsf s]xL s]Gb|Lo:t/sf g]tfx? r'gfj alxisf/df nfu]klg p;sf :yfgLo txsf g]tfx? / sfo{stf{x? eg] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g'kg]{ eGb} /fhkfsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?n] dw]zsf hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf] atfpg yfn]sf x'gfn] /fhkf k|b]z g+= @ df ;d]t g/fd|f];Fu aN8fË vfg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . /fhkfsf] dfu cg';f/ ca :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof yk x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5}g . k|b]z g+= @ sf * lhNnfdf dfq ca lgjf{rg x'g afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf To; k|b]zdf dfq :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof ylkg ;Sb}g . k|b]z g+= @ sf hgtf ;d]t lgjf{rgs} kIfdf /x]sfn] ;/sf/n] rfx]sf] eP pQm k|b]zdf ;d]t c;f/ !$ ut] g} zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] lyof] t/ sfFu|]; / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] /fhkf;Fu u/]sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ k|b]z g+= @ df c;f]h @ ut]dfq :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/of] . o;/L ;/sf/n] /fhkf;Fu u/]sf] ;xdltnfO{ /fhkfn] 7f8} c:jLsf/ u/]sf] x'gfn] c;f/ !$ d} lgjf{rg u/fpg'kg]{ lyof] t/ ;/sf/n] To;f] u/]g .

g]kfnh:tf] ;fgf] / ul/a b]zdf :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg k6s k6s u/fpbf 7"nf] dfqfdf cfly{s ef/ kg]{ ePklg To;tkm{ ;/sf/n] s'g} Wofg k'¥ofpg g;Sg' ;/sf/sf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lkg xf] d'n'se/ Ps} k6s lgjf{rg u/fpg lgjf{rg cfof]u ;Ifd /x]sf] eGb} cof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbPklg cfof]usf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;/sf/n] j]jf:tf ub}{ ltg r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] lg0f{o ug'{ g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu b'ef{Uosf] ljifo xf] . h;sf nflu eg]/ lgjf{rg ;fl/of] p;n] lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutf ghgfpg] ePkl5 lgjf{rg kl5 ;fg'{sf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{ ;/sf/ c;kmn ;fljt ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg 7"nf] dfqfdf vr{ x'G5 . lgjf{rg cfof]un] k|b]z g+= @ df ;d]t lgjf{rgsf] sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'¥ofPsf] a]nf lgjf{rg kl5 ;fl/P kl5 Tof] vr{ afn'jfdf kfgL xfn] ;/x ePsf] 5 .

:yfgLo txsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf hgtfn] b]vfPsf] pT;fxdf k|b]z g+= @ sf hgtf ;d]t ;xeflu x'g ;Sy] cfh pgLx? lg/fz ePsf 5g\ . ;ft j6f k|b]z dWo]sf ^ j6fdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 t/ lsg / s] sf nflu k|b]z g+= @ df lgjf{rgkl5 ;fl/of] eg]/ ToxL k|b]zsf hgtfn] ca /fhkf / ;/sf/nfO{ ;f]Wg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL agfpg cfkm"x? eg] n'?n'? ;+;b hfg] /fhfksf g]tfx?n] hgtfnfO{ eg] dtbfg ug{af6 /f]Sg] pb]Zon] lgjf{rg kl5 ws]Nb} hfg' dw]zsf hgtfnfO{ /fhkfn] wf]sf lbg' l;jfo c? s]xL xf]Og .