3 years in france with the Guns

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THREE YEARS IN FRANCE

WITH THE GUNS,

BEING

EPISODES IN THE LIFE OF A FIELD

BATTERY,

BY

C. A. ROSE. M.C.

LATE OF THE

ROYAL FIELD ARTILLERY.



I KINTKD r.\

THE ALLEN I.iTHOtiKArmc Co., I TI>.

K.IRKCALDV.



INTRODUCTION.

THESE brief notes of experiences with the guns for thirty-eight

months in France were primarily penned for my own satisfaction.

Friends who read the manuscript expressed much interest in it,

and added the hope that it might be given a more permanentform. Hence it is that it is now printed for private ciiculation.

The story is a simple record of the fortunes of my own

Battery and Brigade, and is intended as a tribute to the good

comradeship which existed, under all conditions, among all ranks.

C. A. R.

EDINBURGH,

January, 1919.



CONTKXTS.

CHAPTER I.. BREAKINC us IN, I

,, II.. OUR FIRST BATTLE, s

,, III.," PEACE \\~ARKAKK,"

-!.">

,, IV., IN "THE SAI.IKM." _ :!

,, V., ON THK SOMMK. - - HO

,, VI., MESSINK.S, -:>!

,, VII., YPRES AGAIN, 47

,, VIII.. CAMBRAI, c.o

,, IN., AT ARRAS. i;s

,, N., MARCH THE 2is i. TH

,, NI . THE TURN 01 THK TII>E.- 7s

,, XII., THROUGH THE HINDENIITRI; I. IMC. -s:>



CHAPTER I.

Breaking Us In.

N a morning early in August, 19 15, the Brigade disembarkedat Havre without mishap to man, horse, or material, and

proceeded to a Rest Camp on the outskirts of the town.\Ve were in France at last ! The same evening the Batteries

started to entrain, and every two hours a complete unit was

despatched up the line to an unknown destination. The menreceived refreshments at various

Haltes, andthe horses

wereduly watered and fed, but the journey was, on the whole, longand tedious. On one occasion only was the monotony broken, andthat unwittingly, by the humour of one of the officers. In the

course of the evening, the train stopped at a small station, andthe compartment in which the officers were settled drew up in

front of the Buffet. Some one asked where we were, and a

subaltern, anxious to display his newly-acquired knowledge of

French, replied,li

Bouvette, which called forth no response.

Shortly afterwards the train proceeded on its way, and the

occupants of the carriage settled themselves down to sleep. All

passed quietly for the next couple of hours then the train

stopped once more, and, as luck would have it, again our

carriage came to a standstill directly opposite the buffet of the

station. At once a question was asked as to our whereabouts.

The same subaltern, shaking himself out of a deep slumber,

stretched, roused himself, and, peering out of the window,exclaimed, "Good Lor , still at this beastly hole, Bouvette !"

He expressed much surprise at the "

unseemly mirth," as hedescribed it, which followed . !

After detraining, the Battery marched through beautiful

country, which reminded one of the Borders, as it was not unlike

the valley of the Tweed, and we were at once taken to the

A



2 Breaking Us In.

hearts of the inhabitants of thegood village

of Seningham,which place was destined to be our home for the next few days.

The officers were afforded spacious accommodation in the house

of the Maire, whilst the men had comfortable billets in the

neighbourhood. Time was spent making our unit shipshapeafter its travels by land and sea, and the

" hairies"

obtained as

much grazing as possible, to make them fit for what was in store

for them. It was wonderful how quickly the men adapted themselves to French ways, and much amusement was caused by

their eager, if somewhat unsuccessful, attempts to master the

language of our Allies.

When it became known that the officers were anxious to

increase their knowledge of the language of the country, the

maidens of the village vied with one another to obtain posts as

instructresses, and there was nearly a free fight amongst them(he possession of our worthy Senior Subaltern, whose taking

A ays did not fail to catch their attention

But, alas ! our peaceful warfare was not to be for long !

One morning sudden orders came through to prepare for the

line in a couple of days time. AH was instant bustle, extra

grooming was given to the horses, and finishing touches were

put to the howitzers and vehicles. We were to be given a trial

in action to show how we would comport ourselves before joiningthe "Feet

"

of our own Division, the Guards, who at that time

were out at rest. For this purpose we were to be placed underthe orders of the C R.A of an Indian Division, to reinforce the

Batteries already in positions and receive instruction from them.At last the morning arrived to move off, the column, skirting

the town of St. Omer, took the main road to Hazebrouck, and,as we passed through the village of Arques, we caught a first

glimpse of our future infantry. They appeared equally keen on

seeing their new artillery, and inspected us with a critical eye.The march was made in easy stages, and on the morning of thethird day the Brigade arrived at Merville, a quaint old town in

Flemish Flanders. After a hasty lunch, the officers rode ahead,in order to get into touch with the unit we were to support inthe line, and another amusing incident happened en route Oneof the Junior Officers owned a sturdy mare, whose reputation asa charger was apt to be ridiculed by his companions, as she wasnotorious for her slow gait. When the party had proceeded somedistance at the trot, "Halting Hilda" was observed, to the



Breaking Us In. 3

astonishment of everyone, to be gradually taking the lead. Thisfact called forth the remark from her master,

"

By Jove, she is

pulling extraordinarily hard to day : what can be the matter with

the animal ?" It was then discovered that the rider had beenat her mercy for the last couple of miles, the bit clanking merrilyfrom side to side under her great jaw. In the hurry and excite

ment of departure, after lunch ! the bit had not been replacedin her mouth !

The afternoon wasspent

inreconnoitering

thegun positions

allotted to us, which were the alternative positions of the units

already in line. As a rule, each battery makes a second or

alternative gun position, in case it should be shelled out of its

existing one, so that no delay takes place in getting into action

again. When night fell there was subdued excitement in the

wagon line as the time drew near to take the guns "in." This

was actually the beginning of our first venture would we havethe luck to get there without being caught in the enemy s har

assing fire ? How would we behave under shell- fire : would webe steady or otherwise ? All these and many other questionsflashed through our minds, for a great deal depends, more than

one would believe, on how a new and inexperienced unit receives

its baptism of fire.

At length a start was made,and the Battery moved off,andsoonturned down the long, straight main road leading to La Basse e,

the trees on either side showing signs of shrapnel scars, and evenin the darkness it could be seen that the cottages were, for the

most part, in ruins. It felt distinctly eerie as the small column

proceeded silently on its way without showing lights of an)

description ;the stillness and darkness broken now and again

by the barking of a gun as we drew nearer the battery zone, and

by an occasional Verey Light, which seemed to reveal us in all

our nakedness. That long stretch of road seemed interminable

were we never going to reach our destination ? However, all

remained quiet throughout our progress, and at last we arrived

at the entrance to the gun position, which was to be our homefor the next fortnight. The guns were speedily unlimbered andman-handled into the pits awaiting their reception, the ammunition was unloaded from the vehicles, and the teams were

returned to the wagon line.

The following morning the pieces were "

layed out" on our

particular zone, and we had time to look round and take stock



4 Breaking Us In.

ofour new abode,

which was a farmhousestanding

in the centre

of an orchard adjoining the main road. The building itself was

by no means intact, although, as yet, habitable. It gave us

enough shelter of a kind, and we soon adjusted ourselves to the

prevailing conditions, and the outhouses surrounding it afforded

ample accommodation for the detachments. The gun pits were

cunningly concealed in the front portion of the orchard, special

care having been taken against the prying eyes of hostile

aeroplanes. We were fortunate in the choice of position made

for our first time in the line, for two reasons, firstly, it wasan interesting /cone including the village of Neuve Chapelleno\\ immediately behind our front line and, secondly, it was

quiet. The country there is extremely Hat, with the exceptionof Aubers Ridge, which, occupied by the enemy, overlookedus to a certain extent, although the many trees and woods

prevented his having an uninterrupted view. Our tuition beganat once, an<l we were conducted to the front line throughinnumerable communication trenches, which, at first, remindedone of a maze at an exhibition, the only difference being that

numerous notice-boards directed our movements.There we were welcomed, with smiling faces, by men of

a (Ihurka battalion, their white teeth and flashing eyes showingup their brown skins. Now and then they would stop

sharpening their deadly-looking kukris, their dearest possession,to allow us to pass along the trench. Nothing delighted these

brave little men more than to be permitted to go on a silent

raid at night, when they wormed themselves through the wirein No Man s Land," and did as much damage on the other

side as possible. They have been known to enter the enemytrenches without a sound, killing everyone within reach, andto return radiant, quite unscathed. When questioned as to

why they had not brought in any prisoners for identification

purposes, they would merely roll their eyes, shrug their

shoulders, and say, "Enemy all quiet, he asleep," and calmlyremove the still warm gore from their knives !

Continuingon

our way, we next struck a Highland regiment, the necessarycomplement of the one of stout little men just left behind.It was most interesting, as one had heard so much about thetraditional good comradeship existing, in India, between Ghurkaand Highlander, and here they were still side by side inFrance. Their mutual admiration is boundless and unconcealed



Breaking Us In. 5

and it was mostamusing

to watch the little menaping

the

ways of the big Highlanders, who look huge in comparisonwith them. The Ghurka regiments have their own pipe bands,and play them as if they, too, had been born and bred in

the mountains and glens of Scotland.Soon we came to a fire bay, specially well placed to obtain

a good view of the enemy trenches, which had been convertedinto what is known as an O.P., i.e

, an artillery observation

post. These O.P. s are manned during daylight by the F.O.O.

(Forward Observation Officer) and his signaller assistants.Their job is to keep a close watch on hostile trenches,

watching for any unusual movement or for the appearance of

new constructive works, such as machine gun emplacements or

new saps. The O.P. has numerous wires leading into it, andthese come from all the batteries in immediate support of

that part of the line, which are jointly responsible for its

defence. Our own signallers had been out early, and a wire

had already been carefully laid and labelled from our gunposition to the O. P., so we were now ready to register our

howitzers on some definite object behind the enemy lines. Ahouse, or some such landmark which is shewn on our trench

maps, is usually chosen to calibrate upon. There is little

trouble in effecting this, but, at first, there is some difficulty

in following the rounds as they fall, through a periscope,

owing to its small field of vision. It was, however, imperativeto make use of that instrument, in this case, as an enemy

sniper, watchful and on the alert, had already seen the top ofit, and from time to time a bullet passed overhead unpleasantlyclose. This served to remind us to be discreet and to run

no risks by exposing ourselves in the slightest degree above

the parapet Sometimes it is very difficult to restrain one s

enthusiasm when there is an interesting shoot taking place.The pieces being duly registered, the Battery is now ready

for any emergency, and theoretically we can engage any targetin our arc of fire. It is then essential to learn the countryin hostile territory, and one looks out for ikely targets andfor points at which one can inconvenience the enemy by

keeping him under constant harassing fire. This work must

necessarily be done trom a point of vantage where a goodwide view can be obtained, and, in most cases, a house, tree,

or high piece of ground well behind the lines, is selected for

a Rear O.P.



6 Breaking Us In.

In an incredibly short space of time every officer learns the

country off by heart, and can bring any gun to bear on a particulartarget at short notice. At first Junior Officers are allowed practice

shoots on targets well behind the enemy lines, and, KS they gain

confidence and experience, are entrusted with "close shoots, / c.,

firing on hostile emplacements, etc., in the front line, a job which

requires extreme caution and accuracy, as "No Man s Land

averages not more than 200 yards in width in most places.1 latteries can always communicate with Battalion Headquartersin the line-, a wire, usually buried, leading from there to our

llrigade Headquarters, and each Battery has its own private wire

to the latter place In the same way one can be linked up with

nearly every unit in a I >ivision by means of an Exchange run bythe Ro\;il Kngincers.

A few days sufficed us to make ourselves quite at home, anders went freely about "seeking whom they might devour,"

visited old established O.P. s, and searched for new or better

ones. It is a curious fact that the average subaltern is never

fullysati-hed with an O.I ., and is

always bent on discovering"something better," although in lew eases is his ambition

realised! One officer favours this O.P, another that, and onthis occasion the one which our worthy 1 lattery Commander hada preference for was a most unpleasant place, commonly knownas

" The Doll s House," though why so called no one could tell.

At any rate, it was an abode to be avoided on all possibleoccasions, and the subalterns were quite convinced it was the

registering place of all the hostile batteries within range andvision. At any rate, we daily found less and less of the building,until one day the staircase was blown away as well as the perchon top which afforded us our view. Great was the relief whenthe K C. at last declared the O.I 1

, "out of action"

until furthernotice.

Nearly every O.I , has an appropriate name given to it, and sowe repaired to "Stink Farm" after abandoning our old love!We put in most useful days of practice there, and the knowledgeand

experience gainedwas invaluable.

Our thanks were due tothe enemy for his consideration in allowing us to conduct ourdaily tasks almost unmolested: he showed himself to be mostlethargic and sleepy, and did not waken up unless we wereunusually energetic. Perhaps his chief reason for remaining soinactive was the absence of any heavy guns on our side. Our



Breaking Us In. 7

largest piece was a 60 pdr., and he may have thought mere Field

Artillery beneath his consideration. Nor was he more active in

the air ; his planes rarely passed over our lines, and when theydid, it was at so great a height that it was quite impossible for

them to gather information. However, one day, we were

extremely fortunate in seeing a hostile plane, that had venturedto cross over our lines at a lower altitude, brought down in

flames by a direct hit from an "Archie" battery lying in wait

close behind our own position. It is a rare sight, for, to tell

the truth, anti-aircraft batteries are not held in particularly highrespect by anyone except by those of their own ilk, and on

only two other occasions did we ever see the like again.Our fortnight soon sped by, and we were quite reluctant

when the time came to go out." We left our neighbours,who had befriended us so well, with the sincere hope that wewould have the good fortune to meet and lie alongside of them

again in the future. This hope, however, was not destined to

be fulfilled. We retraced our steps through Merville andAire to the same area from whence we came, to a villagecalled Nielles, in order to concentrate as a Division, which,when formed, was designated the Guards Division.

The inhabitants, as usual, extended a warm welcome to

us and showed us every consideration, and we settled down to

enjoy the peaceful surroundings bathed in the warm and pleasant

September sunshine, while the Senior Subaltern availed himself

of the opportunity of again laying siege to the hearts of In

former conquestsat

Seninghamclose

by.Our own C.R.A.

came to visit us here, and the officers were severally introduced

to him. He expressed satisfaction at the report which cameto him from the line, concerning our conduct in action, and

added that the high opinion farmed of us at home had in nowise been diminished, and that our reputation merited the

distinction conferred on us of being selected as the Artillery

of the Guards from among the many units of the new Army.Thus we waited, confident in the belief that, whatever we

were in the future called upon to do, we would at least put

up a good show, and determined to be a credit to the Division

of which we now formed a part. We had not long to wait,

whispers passed round that we would be up and doing at nodistant date, and these rumours proved to be well founded.



CHAPTER II.

Our First Battle.

UK man liing orders came within the next few days.Kadi unit was provided with portable bridges, whichwere carried under the wagon bodies, and this, and

several oilier preparations, gave us a good indication that wewere out for business. \ couple of days trekking brought us to

the village of Nedonchel, which proved to be another place ofhappy memory to our Senior Subaltern. Here we were given a

rough idea of the part we were to play in the coming proceedings.Two army corps were to attack, on a six mile front, in the

neighbourhood of Loos and, if the assault was successful, the

corps in reserve, which included our Division, was to go throughand exploit the victory to its fullest advantage. \Ve were to

take no part in the initial attack.

Large masses of troops were being moved up behind the

battle area, and, in order to screen our movements from hostile

aircraft, the latter stages of the journey were to be made under

cover of darkness, so the whole of the next day was spent in

resting. At nightfall a diversion was caused by a CavalryDivision pissing through the village on its way up, and a

splendid sight it presented, as one famous regiment followed

swiftly on another. It was now almost time for us to make a

start, and the good lady of the house had remained out of bed to

brew us hot coffee and see us off the premises. As we wereabout to depart she told us that her old mother, aged 88, whowas in the next room, had expressed the desire to see us for a

moment, and so we were conducted to the old lady s bedside.She was lying telling her beads, but sat up as we approached andbeckoned to each officer in turn, who advanced, knelt, andreceived a blessing. The inhabitants knew well that a big battle



io Our First Battle.

through upon them, and heavily laden with "souvenirs in

addition to their full kit, the men could scarcely crawl along.

However, just as one battalion came abreast of us, in such con

dition, the pipes tuned up and at once every head was erect andnot a man was out of step as they swung past us ; such is the

moral force of the bagpipes. It was one of those moments in

which a lump rises in the throat and a thrill runs down the spine.

In our new position we speedily learnt what we could do andwhat we could not do. For instance, the signallers were able to

introduce electriclight

into our abodeby tapping

a live wire

which ran outside, from one fosse to the next, for we were nowin the Lens coal district with mines dotted about here and there.

On the other hand, we soon learnt to refrain from sleeping or

showing lights in the second storey of our billet which was

evidently under direct observation by the enemy, who did not take

IOIIL; to acquaint us with the fact.

There was always a good deal of firing to be done each day,for, although the battle may be said to have finished after four or

live days, there were several side-shows before the line wasadjusted to our liking, and the enemy s lire was almost continuous. This bothered the F.O.O. parties considerably, andcommunication was difficult to maintain for more than a short

time between the front line and Battery. The wire was frequentlybroken in numerous places, and this kept signallers and linesmen

working at high pressure to repair the damage. The O.P. s were

moderately good, with the exception of one in" Gun Trench,"

where our men held aportion,

then came a sandbagged

wall

occupied on the other side by our opponents which they were

able to enter by a T-shaped communication trench, then another

sand-bagged wall with our infantry beyond. Neither side could

shell this trench for fear of injury to their own party, but this did

not prevent a lively exchange of bombs, intermingled with various

forms and sizes of "Minnies," which were hurled at frequentintervals. Sniping was also rampant, and periscopes, no matterhow small, survived not longer than a few minutes. It was from

this delightful spot that one of the subalterns arrived at theBattery one evening with his head swathed in bandages like aSultan s turban. He had been trying conclusions with a "Minnie,

"

and, as this was in the days before the introduction of the steel

helmet, the latter had easily come out on top. When the woundwas ascertained to be nothing like as serious as the size of the



Our First Battle. ir

bandage seemed to indicate, he was removed to thewagon

line

amid jeers from his brother officers, and a few days rest sufficed

to bring him back to duty again.

Now, in one portion of the zone which we were covering, "No

Man s Land "

extended some 1500 yards in depth, and midway,lying in the valley, were what appeared to be two derelict enemyguns partially camouflaged This aroused the curiosity of the

Staff, who called for volunteers to go out and make an investigation and report as to the condition of the sights, etc. Our B.C.

gallantly offered his services, in spite of the fact that he was oversix feet in height, and presented a most conspicuous figure, andwould not be deterred. He set off crawling through the long

grass on his perilous journey, and there was a huge grin on his

face when he returned. After his report went in we ascertained

that the two pieces were nothing more than cleverly constructed

dummies formed from cart wheels, telegraph poles and trunks of

trees, but it was not until he almost came up to them that hemade the discovery.

The detachments meanwhile had settled down, makingimprovements to their billets and strengthening the gun pits,

and were already proving themselves seasoned warriors. Onone occasion a nasty accident happened, due to the explosionof a howitzer, caused, as was afterwards proved, by a faultyshell. The complete gun crew, with the exception of the

No. i in charge, was wounded. Three of their number were

temporarily buiied by the earth thrown up by the explosion,and it was

probably dueto that fact that no

onewas killed.

The pit naturally fell to bits and the debris was indescribable,but the Sergeant managed to disentangle himself, and, standing

stiffly to attention, reported to the officer on duty, "No. 2

gun out of action, sir !

" No time was lost in digging outthe injured men, and it was only found necessary to evacuate

three of the number to the nearest dressing station the

remainder flatly refusing to go. The layer, in particular,deserved great credit for his grit, for, in spite of having been

buried, and having scarcely a hair left on his head and devoidof eyebrows, not to mention the shock to his nervous system,he was again serving his gun 24 hours later, on the arrival of

the new piece. Some idea of the force of the explosion can

be gathered from the fact that the barrel was found, in two

pieces, some 150 yards away, having been blown over a



12 Our First Battle.

railway embankment, while the breech block, which weighs

about a cwt., was discovered, after a 12 hours search,embedded in the ground six feet below the pit. At this perioda considerable number of "prematures"

were taking place,

and, on one occasion, we ascribed ths wounding of two

gunners to this cause, but afterwards found out our mistake.

An S.O S. went up after dark, and, at the time of firing

No. 3 gun, the layer and another -tinner were both badlyhit by what appeared to be a "premature just outside the

bore of the piece. Throughout this period we were firing

nothing but high explosive shells. ( Ircat therefore was our

surprise when, three weeks later, letters arrived from both men,who were in hospital, to say that in each ease shrapnel bullets

had been extracted from them : What had actually occurredwas this : At the same time that the trigger was pulled andthe shell disehargrd, a

"pip M|ueak"

must have burst in

front of the mouth of the gun pit, driving the bullets throughthe entrance.

Day alter day passed in much the same way, neither sideattempting to make ;m attack on any large scale, but. on the

morning of the 8th October, it was observed that the hostile

.shelling was not normal, and had increased in extent alongthe whole recently captured area. Preparations were therefore

rapidly made to meet any eventuality, and, as the day advancedand his bombardment gained in strength, it was apparent to

everyone that the enemy contemplated an attack. At noonorders were received to be ready, at any time, to lay down a

destructive barrage on a certain zone. The Staff had happily

anticipated the point of attack accurately, and, by the timethe enemy concentrated his final burst of fire on his objectives,

every gun in the neighbourhood which could bear, was trained

on the vital spot ready to open out. When at last the time

arrived, the bombardment ceased abruptly, and the enemy s

infantry advanced to the assault wave upon wave, for the

most part in mass formation and with arms linked together.

Emerging from a wood, they had a considerable distance tocover across open ground before approaching our trenches,so both our infantry and artillery fire was at first withheld.This gave encouragement to the ene-ny, and, as his bombardment had been pretty severe, he expected more or less of a"walk over," and did not reckon on what was to follow.



Our First Battle. 13

When he had advanced to within 200 yards of our lines,

suddenly rapid fire spurted out from our rifles and machine

guns, and guns of every description spat HE. and shrapnel,and his ranks were literally mown down. Then a curtain was

put down behind a solid wall of fire which made it practically

impossible for the troops to retire, and their plight was beyondall hope. While they were cogitating whether to come on or

go back, they were slaughtered in heaps raked by the deadlymachine guns. Very few indeed survived to tell the tale, butone prisoner claimed to be most indignant with the whole

proceedings, and expressed his opinion that we did not"play

the game" by withholding our fire, and that they imaginedthey had only to walk into our trenches and take possessionof them. This proved to be the last big hostile counterattack attempted, and indeed both sides were content to

remain in their own trenches. We made a smaller attack the

next week, but it was also unsuccessful, and little or no ground

was gained. The enemy artillery devoted themselves principallyto counter battery work, and several British batteries, whichwere ill concealed, had a most unpleasant time Free use wasmade of lachrymatory shell, our first taste of it. One clear,

moonlight night the battery was firing at a slow rate, and

apparently the enemy saw our flashes, for he speedily turneda

4"2 battery on to us, his shells landing just short of each

gun pit. No casualties resulted, but a shell entered the

window of one detachment s billet and exploded, completelywrecking the room and destroying the men s equipment. Soonafterwards instructions were issued to change positions, andthis was effected without loss or mishap. The new positionwas more favourably placed, some little way in front of the

Fosse at Annequin, and had been constructed by the French.

We were now covering the Hohenzollern Redoubt of evil

memory. Another O.P. was constructed on the railwayembankment on the La Basse e-Vermelles line, which lent

itselffavourably

to the constructionof a

shaft forprotection,

the soil, for the most part, being chalk, as indeed it was in

all the surrounding neighbourhood. It was our misfortune at

this position to say farewell to our Battery Commander, wholeft us to take up a Staff appointment with the Mediterranean

Expeditionary Force, and all ranks were sorry to lose a leader

who had thus far shared all their joys and sorrows. At the

a



CHAPTER III.

" Peace Warfare."

($HEN it became known that our destination was to be ilit-

sector immediately adjoining the one we had already been

in, facing Aubers Ridge, our delight knew no bounds, for

all were well aware that that locality was considered a"cushy"

spot which augured well for the coming winter.

No delay was made in leaving Sailly, and,proceeding

bywayof Bethune and St. Venant, we arrived at a small hamlet midway

between the latter town and Merville. The Battery remained in

rest for a few days, while a couple of "

subs." with a workingparty commenced construction on the new position selected bythe B.C. This entailed a considerable amount of labour, for

timber and all other material had to be carted from the R.E.

dump at La Gorgue some distance away. With an eye to comfort as well as concealment, it was decided to dig the pits in an

orchard, along some old assembly trenches which had been usedby troops before the battle of Neuve Chapelle. Close by was a

cluster of cottages and outhouses in a wonderful state of preservation.

By the end of the week the guns were pulled in, althoughthere still remained a lot to do on the position. The house in

which the officers quartered themselves was intact, with the

exception of a few slates on the roof and several broken window

panes. Moreover, there was a little furniture left and there were

some fine open fireplaces, so we had every reason to be satisfied.

Within a short space of time the gun pits were completed and

camouflaged in keeping with the nature of the ground, and greatassistance was rendered us during this undertaking by an airmanwho flew over the position from time to time and pointed out the

various deficiencies. At last when he reported that the position



1 6 "Peace Warfare."

could not be seen from a height of 2000 feet we concluded,

rightly, that nothing was to be feared in that direction. Thus wesettled down to a period commonly known as "Peace Warfare."

This may be summed up as a time when one experiences the

maximum amount of pleasure that is possible under war con

ditions, with the minimum amount of discomfort. The enemywere completely deceived as to our whereabouts, and took us to

be in another vacant position some way down the road, which

was liberally shelled by them whenever fire was opened by us,

and we used toencourage

thisprocedure by occasionally ceasingin order to lead him into the belief that he was doing us damage.

At all events, the position was never shelled the whole time wewere in possession of it a somewhat unique experience for aI) ittery in France.

The infantry were aN<> kept busy at the commencement of

tin s period, as we had relieved another Indian Division, and onthis sector the parapet had been built for the most part by

i .liurkas, who, however stout fellows they may be at heart, have

not the stature of Guardsmen The result was the latter foundtheir heads and shoulders showing well above the parapet, andthis necessitated the immediate heightening of the same some twolo three feet.

The O.P. duties were divided equally between the subalterns,each doing a third daily The wagon lines were situated east of

La Gorgue within easy reach, and frequent visits were paid to

them, although no officer remained there permanently.

Duringour stay here the

Batterycame under the direct orders

of the C.R. A. and was attached to no group in particular.

Various tasks were alloted to us, and these were, as a rule, most

interesting and instructive. To further increase our knowledgethe B.C. gave the majority of these shoots to the Junior Officers,

briefly explaining the orders-, and then leaving us to our owndevices by departing for the rest of the day to the wagon lines onthe pretext that he had a bi thday to celebrate. He had many of

them This plan was much to our liking, and tremendous keen

ness was displayed hy a l. Great pains were taken to carry outeverything to the letter, and the signallers also carried out their

part with equa> spirit Thf gun detachments at this time rose toa high pitch of profin encv and could get 10 rounds a minute outof the howitzers, which, considering the double load and triplemovement, was by i o means a bad performance.



1 8 " Peace Warfare."

"Where?"

"

At the cross roads, sir.

1

"Seen any of them fall?"

" Not as yet, sir."

"Well, for God s sake stop firing at once, sir. Why, man,

your shells are dropping in Aubers, and they are retaliating like

the very devil. There goes another, just outside"

"

Very sorry, sir. Couldn t make out where the shells were

falling.""

Well, report to me as soon as you get kirk, remember.

Have no time to listen to an explanation now."

"

Very good, sir. Good-bye, sir."

An animated discussion now takesj

lace in the telephone

exchange, and the unanimous opinion is that poor So-and-so is

"

for it" and will perhaps even get the sack, and who will

succeed to the Right Section if he leaves the Battery?In these days a walk along the front line was a delight, and

nothing gave the F.O.O. greater pleasure than to take his morningconstitutional from one end of our area to the other and to

peerover the side at frequent intervals by means of a periscope.

Sniping was sometimes indulged in, but a target rarely presenteditself for the simple reason that the enemy was hardly ever in his

front line trenches during daylight. From one OT. we could

often see one or two men running along the trenches with lightedtorches kindling fires and causing smoke in order to lead us into

the belief that the trenches were powerfully manned.

Now, about this time, a number of hostile batteries, whose

positions could not be located, gave us a certain amount of

trouble, but a successful ruse was carried out which enabled us

to discover them. Operations were undertaken in order to force

the enemy to show his hand, and every indication was made byus that we were about to institute a raid. Wire cutting was done

by one battery, and others registered strong points in rear behindthe prescribed area. Then at dusk, known as flesh time, whenbatteries are most likely to give their positions away, all the O.F. s

were manned,spotting apparatus

madeready,

and ourbarrage

was

put down on this sector. The infantry had been provided will)

dummy figures, which they held aloft on poles, and in the semi-

darkness this gave the impression that they were preparing to

quit the trenches and go over the top, while high overheadhovered a number of our aeroplanes waiting to assist. The plan



Peace Warfare. 19

workedadmirably,

and in a few minutes theenemy

s counter

preparation commenced As the result of our efforts his

positions were pin-pointed and dealt with by our 6o-pdrs. the

next day, after which we were not bothered by them to such a

great extent.

Soon after this episode there came upon the scene what were

commonlyknown as "Cook s Tourists." These were officers whoseunits were still at home, and who were sent out to gain experience

by being attached to batteries for a short period. At tunes the

tourist laid himself open to being the victim of many practical

jokes, and this certainly contributed to the liveliness ol the mess.

A certain officer was escorted down to the front line trenches one

day, and, as usual, the party was armed with periscopes. All of

a sudden he emitted a cry of delight, as, gazing through the

instrument, he told us of how crowds of the enemy were walking

along a road. Could we not get our guns on to them quickly ?

This seemed an incredible occurrence, as, in this sector, not a

single German had been seen for days on end. The mystery was

speedily solved, however. By some means or other, he had been

holding the periscope so that it faced the opposite direction, andwhat he actually saw was a party of our own men walking leisurely

along the road some way behind our lines. Needless to say, this

officer came in for a considerable amount of chaff, and, in course

of time, was solemnly presented with a paper medal, suitably

inscribed, on which reversed periscopes figured prominently.The festive season was now drawing near, which necessitated

the gathering of provisions, for the men were to celebrate the25th of December by having a special dinner, and presentlyleave was opened to our unit and the first lucky ones departedfor

"

Blighty." Some sort of gift was due the enemy on this

occasion, and it took the shape of a sharp five minutes bombardment, from every gun in the area, on the stroke of midnighton Xmas Eve. In spite of this gruelling, the enemy next

morning showed signs of wishing to fraternise with our men in

the front line, but strict orders had been issued in advance that

this was not to be countenanced. The Germans showed themselves freely above the parapet, and one could see that they had

been dressed up smartly for the occasion, probably in order to

impress us with their appearance. However, there was "

nothing

doing." Little or no sniping took place, but the artillery went

through their usual routine, in fact rather increased their fire



20 " Peace Warfare.

that day. The men s dinner was a great success, and all seemed

pleased with their fare poik and potatoes, vegetables, plumpudding and fruit, with plenty of beer or stout to wash it down.

The Officers Mess was lively also, and our first Xmas, under

war conditions, was voted most successful. Next day the Padre

turned up, and a service was held in one of the barns, but, in the

middle of the address, on " Peace on earth, goodwill towards

men," there was a sudden call for"

action." A rush was madeto the guns, and, after a few minutes argument with tin- enemy,we returned and finished

listeningto the discourse. Somehow

or other one could not help feeling that the two happenings were

incongruous !

We had a notion that perhaps the enemy would make an

attempt to retaliate on us at New Year for our little joke on

Xmas Eve, and this proved to be correct. He made rather a

feeble demonstration, and it was speedily squashed, as we were

awaiting it. It was an extraordinary thing, but we always foundour foe very slow in the uptake : it generally took him quite a

week to think out some measure of retaliation, and, when it came,it consisted, as a rule, in copying what we had done to him,We could usually count on that and consequently guard againstit.

One day instructions came through calling for a report ona new charge, for reducing the flashes when night firing, whichwas supposed to be in our possession. Our worthy Senior

Subaltern was at that time in command, so he decided to

have the trial the same evening and put in his report at once.

The remaining officers were to"

stand by"

at the guns andfirst fire a salvo with the ordinary charge and then one with

the new one, while he stood some distance in front to wait

the results. All went well and the salvoes were duly fired,

although, at the battery end, there did not appear to be anydifference between them, which fact was unanimously agreedupon. However, that was not the opinion of the Senior

Subaltern, who waxed eloquent on the "

soft, velvety colour"

of the new charge. This was all set down presently, in alengthy dispatch covering, at least, two columns of "foolscap,"

and sent to the Brigade. Nothing further was heard for

several days, then a telephone message came through which

brought a smile to the face of everyone in the mess exceptthe officer concerned. It ran as follows: "Reference my



"Peace Warfare." 21

of the gth inst. Report on flash reducing charges is herewithcancelled. The production of same has not yet been issuedto batteries in the field A A A. Both salvoes had been of thesame nature !

Our Right Section Commander had a mania for spy hunting,and it was true that spies were known to infest the neighbourhood and had sometimes actually been caught. On every avail

able occasion this officer would set out to scour the countrysidein

questof a

suspect.One

daythis led to the waste of much

energy on his part. Having followed hard on the scent of a

suspicious character, from one end of our area to the other, the

quarry suddenly doubled back along the La Bassee road and

disappeared into a house. Our friend entered also, and foundhimself in a Brigade Headquarters, confronted by the

"spy,"

who greeted him warmly, and asked him what service he couldrender him, at the same time calling for tea. He had shadowednone other than the chief Intelligence Officer of the Division the

whole afternoon ! There was nothing for it but to own up andapologise as best he could, to the vast amusement of the Staff

Officer. After this incident, we were spared further wild-goosechases by this enthusiast, and the keenness hitherto shown byhim for these quests somewhat abated.

A good deal of excitement was caused, at this time, by the

arrival of some heavy artillery in our neighbourhood, so muchtalk had come to our ears concerning them. The guns were

duly placed in position, and on the afternoon on which they wereto open fire a. large turn out of F.O.O. s collected in the O.P. s

to watch the enemy get a surprise. They did considerable

damage, but, at the same time, were largely responsible for

stirring up a veritable wasp s nest of hostile heavies which hadbeen lying dormant for ages, and consequently our front againbecame active.

\Vhile our F.O.O. was proceeding one day from the O.P. to

the front line, he was caught in one of those bursts of hate and

separated from the telephonists who accompanied him. On theconclusion of the shoot, a search was made for him, but he wasnowhere to be found. They returned to the Battery and

reported the circumstance to the B.C., who, much concerned,

speedily organised a search-party, and set out for the scene of

action. After a couple of hours weary tramping, they came upona Company Headquarters in the front line, and there, comfortably



CHAPTER IV.

In "The Salient."

i^T soon became known that we were bound for Ypres,This town will, without doubt, be the Mecca in Franceof the British soldier for all time. This place, above all

others, was always mentioned with a voice of reverence and awe,and is hallowed by the presence of the gallant dead who helpedin its defence. It was truly the most ill-favoured sector on thewhole of the front held by our armies.

Proceeding by wayof

Hazebrouck and Cassel, weentered

the area immediately behind the Salient and took up our quartersnear the village of Arneke, for we were not yet due for our spellof duty in the line. At this time the weather was most unpro-pitious, and rendered training in any shape or form out of the

question. The ground was covered with snow to the depth of

several inches, and the roads were, for the most part, frost-bound.

A Divisional Artillery Horse Show was organised, however, and

great keenness was displayed by all the batteries, who spent

most of their time horse-coping until the day of the event, whichwas held at Zeggers Capelle. Our Right Section Commander,with a team of fine little blacks, managed to secure the second

prize in the principal event.

Several days afterwards we relieved the Division who were

holding the left centre of the Salient, and took up our positionon the northern extremity of Ypres itself, close to the Dead Endof the Canal, a short distance from "Salvation Coiner." Herea short

descriptionof the

positionis

imperative,in order to

givesome idea of the awkward nature of this sector and of the

conditions attaching thereto. The distance between the jaws of

the Salient was some five miles across from the banks of the

Yser Canal at Boesinghe on the north to the neighbourhood of

St. Eloi on the south, while the ground held by us extended

about two-and-a half miles east of Ypres in a semi-circle. Nearly



24 In "The Salient.

everywhere the enemy was established on rising groundand

overlooked our territory, and, with few exceptions, all that was

visible to us was his first line system. The enemy was thus

enabled to detect any movement behind our line, while we were

more or less "blind."

Owing to the confined space through which an entrance into

the Salient could be effected, great difficulty was experienced in

the matter of transport, as there was only one main artery,

namely, the Ypres-Poperinghe road. Every evening at dusk this

thoroughfare was crowded with all manner of vehicles, an endless

stream, coming and going throughout the night, and from

Vlamertinghe onwards the road was subjected to constant shelling,

and was enfiladed from either side. Piles of wreckage were

always to be seen on the following morning, which told the tale

of the previous night s work, and this long, straight piece of road

holds more sentiment for the British soldier than any other.

It was soon quite evident that the enemy was acquaintedwith our location, and it was

imperativeto

preparean alternative

position. A site was chosen across the road, in the garden of a

private villa, well sheltered by shrubs and trees. As soon as the

work was completed and a communication trench constructed,covered with turf and plants, we commenced moving the guns.This was done without interference from the enemy until the last

gun was in the act of being placed in position, when, as luck

would have it, a shrapnel shell burst in front of the party,

mortally wounding one layer and injuring another. Our B.C.,

also, who was assisting, received a bullet through his arm, andwas forced to leave us. This was the second mishap we hadsuffered during the course of the first few days, as the RightSection Commander had already been lost to us. Having an

insatiable thirst for knowledge, this Officer had left the O.P. with

his telephonist in order to explore the front line, which, as everyonewho knows the Salient will readily own, was somewhat difficult to

recognise in places, especially by a newcomer. Suffering as he

did from acute absent-mindedness, it was not surprising that this

zealous officer awakened suddenly from his day-dreams to discover

that something was wrong, and found himself standing with his

companion waist high in a shallow disused trench, which, onfurther investigation, appeared uncommonly like

" No Man s

Land !

"

After a brief consultation, they decided to retrace their

steps. Alas ! all too late : a hostile sniper, reserving his fire in



In "The Salient. 25

the hope that they would continue to walk into the enemytrenches, on seeing them turn about, and thus being baulked ofhis prize and the prospect of a fortnight s leave in his owncountry, fired a bullet which passed through the thighs of bothmen one after the other. A party of our infantry, unable to

attract their attention and put them right in time, had witnessedthis little drama, and proceeded, at great personal risk and at the

expense of at least one of their number being wounded, to

extricate the two unfortunates and convey them to the nearest

dressing-station. It was not until a late hour that night that

word came to us at the Mess that the missing party had been

passed through the prison at Ypres, on their way to a C.C.S.

Now, our Battery Commander, after ^ix-at trouble, had lately

gained possession of an improved type of periscope, which hehad been persuaded to lend the F.O.O on that day, and, on

receipt of this news, his first thought was for the safety of his

precious instrument. The fact that two valuable casualties had

resulted did not seem to weigh with him in the least comparedwith its loss, and he was not to be consoled until it was ascer

tained that the periscope was in safe keeping. Only then couldhe be persuaded to make enquiries as to the nature of their

wounds and express his sorrow at their misfortune.

The Infantry found the trenches in an appalling state, andforthwith proceeded to repair them, but the enemy would not

allow this to go on long, and, after a few days work had been

spent on them, a couple of hours bombardment would suffice to

demolish anything that had been done. As it was a case of

labour lost, all attempts at building on a large scale were soon

abandoned.

Many interesting excursions were made in and around the

town. There was a certain amount of splendour about the

ruined place. The high battered remains of the Cloth Hall

Tower stood up in proud defiance in the centre of the stricken

city, while the ancient ramparts surrounding it gloried in their

battle, scars and showed a dauntless front to the enemy.A good deal of annoyance was caused in getting about from

place to place through the uncongenial presence of a couple of

hostile high velocity guns which were commonly known as"

Quick Dick " and "

Silent Sue," his consort. They were so

named on account of the rapidity with which the shells arrived,

and there was little or no warning of their coming. Their chief



26 In "The Salient."

object was to harass the neighbourhood, for they appeared to

have no definite target but just dropped a shell here and there,

trapping the unwary and doing considerable damage, as well as

effectively raising a certain amount of" wind

"

As conditions suited the enemy admirably, many raids weremade by him, and, on one occasion, he launched four simultane

ously, one on each sector of the Salient, after a sharp and heavybombardment. He attacked us between \Virhj ( .- and 1 otijge,

but was unsuccessful in his endeavour to obtain an identification.

The attemptwas

frustrated,and the

onlyresult was that he left

a number of prisoners in our hands.

About the middle of May, the Division came out and returned

to Uie area behind Poperinghe. Their was an unexpected treat

in store for the Brigade, for it was shortly sent down to the coast

for a change of air. A two days march brought the Battery to

Cap ( Iris Ne/, while the other batteries were distributed alongthe small villages between Calais and Boulogne. It was a real

holiday for us, and a better part of the year could nut have been

chosen. All that was expected of us was to exercise the "hairies,"

which we did by taking the guns a walk ;ilong the hard sand in

the early mornings.A large field was secured, and for several hours daily the

horses were put out to grass, and, if ever animals showed signsof joy, they certainly did, and their antics were most amusing to

witness. It was expected that some difficulty would be experienced in catching them again, but, after the first day, a trumpetcall was all that was

required.On

hearingthe

sound, theywould throw up their heads, and then slowly wander towards the

entrance, where the drivers awaited and secured them.

The main feature of the day was, undoubtedly, the bathing

parade, enjoyed equally by man and beist. The horses knew at

once what was in store for them when they were led down to the

beach The men stripped, and, mounting the eager horses, a

wild dash was made for the water, and quite a number of the

animals proved themselves excellent swimmers, many remaining

a considerable time in deep water. On leaving the sea, theywould gallop along the sands, showing every sign of contentment,and we were glad that, at last, they were receiving some rewardfor their patient devotion and faithful service, for we were all fondof our four-legged comrades.



a8 In "The Salient

night, before transferring to our new zone, whichwas in the most

northerly sector, adjoining the one in which we had already been,

and which had an even worse reputation for unpleasantness.After crossing the Yser Canal, the ground gradually rises

towards Pilkem Ridge, and the enemy was ensconced thereon

in a kind of stronghold known as the High CommandRedoubt. Our trenches lay beneath them, which gave us the

feeling of being in a cup encircled round the brim by our foes.

During this particular tour, the Battery was split up for the

purpose of forming two forward sections, and the greater part of

the firing was done by the left section, whose position was well

inside the Salient. Its chief object was to harass a certain

portion of a hostile trench which was taken in enfilade by it!

In order to accomplish this successfully, the guns were placed in

an old disused position in a field, near La Brique, on the backward

>lopeof a hill, and the low gun-pits were completely

covered with tufts of growing grass. The centre pits were

occupied bythe two

piecesand the outside ones were

speedilyconverted into habitations for the men.When the trenches were not being subjected to hostile shelling,

the enemy devoted most of his time in endeavouring to destroythe numerous O.P. s dotted about here and there. These were

constructed for the most part of reinforced concrete, but the

particular one used by us, called"

Frascatis, had not yet been

discovered, so we were free to carry out shoots to our heart s

content.

.\ favourite diversion was sniping with one of our pieces,

which was a particularly accurate one, and several points of

observation and snipers posts were carefully registered. Thenwe would lie in wait, observe some movement, and let fly one

round only. This method exasperated and annoyed the enemyexceedingly.

One of the enemy s principal forms of amusement was to

blow parts of our front parapet away and train a machine gun on

thespace

left vacant, andsnipe

atany unsuspecting person

who

happened to pass along. On many occasions we were able to

bring assistance to the harassed infantrymen, by spotting the

offending snipers, and by, in turn, sniping at them with our" How. 1

till we finally silenced them.

At dusk the enemy invariably harassed all roads of communication, and dropped innumerable shells of large calibre into the



CHAPTER V.

On the Somme.,

-

/v.<T the beginning of August, the Division detrained in the

/ P neighbourhood of Doullens, and, proceeding in a south-is^

e;l sterly direction, the Brigade established itself near the

-mall village of Couin. In a few days time we went"in, "and

the Battery took up a position on the southern outskirts of

Hebuterne, overlooking the enemy stronghold at Serre. This

portion of the front was now in a normal state once more, as,

on the opening day of the great battle, the British assault from

Haniel, northward to Gommecourt, had met with no success,

and the attack was not further pressed. The enemy was content

to remain quiet, and most of the firing was carried out by us. Aconsiderable number of hostile Minnies " made conditions

somewhat unpleasant for the infantry in the trenches, and duringthe night the battery position was subjected to indirect machine-

gunlire, which necessitated a certain amount of caution in

moving about. The O.P. s were well placed, and afforded us an

excellent view, for we overlooked the enemy s lines, and could

see some distance beyond them. We were now r on the fringe of

the battle, and away half right, on clear days, we could see the

struggle progressing, as a considerable dent had already beenmade. The sight was a very grand one, especially after dark.

The Verey Lights and various S.O S. rockets, which were

frequently sent up by our opponents, made a fine spectacular

display, far finer than any firework exhibition we had everwitnessed in our own country in prewar days.

Gradually the Division was side-slipped to the south, and ournext position was close to the station of Mailly. We did notremain there long, however, as the time had now arrived for usto put in an appearance in the battle itself. We spent one night



On the Somme. 31

close toAmiens,

and availed ourselves of theopportunity

to

hold a dinner there, which was attended by all the originalofficers in the Brigade a last night of fun and merriment beforethe long, stiff fight ahead of us, for who knew how many wouldsurvive the ordeal. The next day brought us to Vaux, on the

River Somme, and, in the first week in September, we foundourselves immersed in the battle. \Ve took up our first positionin the lately captured second line German system, facingMontauban and covering Guillemont, which had just been taken

by an Irish Division.

Very stiff fighting was in progress on this sector, as we werenow nearing the summit of ths Ridge, the possession of whichwould be invaluable, as the enemy s territory would be laid bare

to us, and he would lose his observation over us. It was not

surprising, therefore, that he fought with the courage of despairand initiated counter-attack upon counter-attack, all of which wehad to meet with great determination. The weather was

extremely hot, which added much to the discomfort : and, as

progress had been very slow for some time, it was impossible to

clear up the battlefield, and the stench was almost insupportable.At length the village of Guinchy was captured, and, with our meninstalled on the further side of the slope, the fighting for positioncame to an end. We were now entering on the third stage of

the great battle, which had commenced more than two months

previously. An attack, on a large scale, was planned, the object

being to drive the enemy down the slope of the hill into the

low-lying country beyond. Field batteries were moved up intoforward positions, in order to assist the infantry, by placing a

creeping barrage a new and most successful invention, after

wards employed on all occasions in front of the advancingwaves of men : and the

"

heavies, of which, for the first time,we possessed a preponderance, pounded the enemy communications far behind his lines.

The assault was delivered over a wide area, early in the

morning of the i5th of September, but in no way did it come upto expectations in fact, it might almost be counted a reverse.

Some divisions did well, and took their objectives, but others

were completely held up, at certain strong points, which necessi

tated the withdrawal of the remainder, in order to keep the line

uniform. The Guards met with instant success, and took their

final objectives, only to discover that the Division on each side



3 2 On the Somme.

of them had made little progress and could get no further. They

were reluctantly forced to return, and it was while doing so thatheavy casualties were inflicted on them, as they were raked with

fire from the sides as well as in front. During the withdrawal, a

party of machine-gunners occupied a trench, and attempted to

screen the retirement of the main body of troops, by holding the

enemy at bay. In order to use this machine-gun to the best

advantage, the piece was placed on top of the parapet,

exposed to the full view of the oncoming hordes, but our mennever wavered in serving it, and, as soon as one gunner droppedat his post, another instantly took the vacant place, although it

meant certain death within a few moments.Next day they were pulled out to refit, and, as the) marched

back to rest, a very touching sight was witnessed. A certain

battalion, a mere remnant, swung along, headed by its band.All the officers had become casualties, and the Battalion Sergeant-

Major was in command, but as many of the dead officers as couldbe recovered were brought back on stretchers and placed each in

iiis

proper position.Headed

bythe

bodyof their late

Commander, the column proceeded on its way, the men marching at

attention, and, although covered with mud and blood-stained,

they might have been proceeding down the Mall. Such is the

discipline of the Guards, and every tribute of respect was paidthem by the troops through whom they passed.

The next battle was timed for the 25th inst., and our infantrycame back to the line a couple of days before that date. Therewas much suppressed excitement and curiosity, for the mysterious

Tanks were to participate on this occasion for the first time, andit was thought that the secret had been so well kept that the\

would come as a complete surprise to the enemy. This provedto be the case, and the attack was a great success. What wasknown as the Flers line was everywhere penetrated, and all gainswere held. The Tanks did splendid work. They advanced well

ahead of the infantry, and battered down barbed wire, overran

trenches, smashed machine-gun emplacements, killing the guncrews, and even waddled as far as the

villageof Gueudecourt.

There they effected much execution and caused great panicamong the enemy reserves, which were concentrating for the

inevitable counter attack.

Thus the battle continued, sometimes breaking out intofierce fights and at other times reduced to isolated scraps, but all



On the Somme 33

the time theenemy

wasbeing gradually

andrelentlessly pusheddown into the valley, and the villages of Morval, Les Boeufs,

and Gueudecourt fell into our hands.It was almost uncanny the way in which villages would com

pletely disappear. For instance, at the time when these hamletsfirst came within our vision, on our reaching the crest of the hill,

they appeared almost intact, but a few days rendered them

unrecognisable they had become merely so many heaps ofrubble. There are many places on the Somme which have

literally not one brick standing on top of another, and one wouldnever imagine for a moment that a prosperous little village hadever existed there.

Many changes of battery positions were made, and, whenever

possible, we burrowed down into the ground, as the enemy s

heavy pieces were out after our blood. The great concentration

of guns and the few suitable localities for placing them in action

added to our difficulties, and we were thus rendered an easy

target for the hostile counter batteries. Innumerable brigadeswere huddled close together, in what was known as the Death

Valley, for the simple reason that there was no other suitable spotwherein to place them, and heavy casualties resulted. We had

the good fortune, however, to be somewhat isolated from the

others, and occupied a forward position, where the guns were

hidden in an old German communication trench. The enemynever found it, but subjected us, now and aiain, to a generalburst of harassing fire : his main volume of hate passed us by

far overhead.And, meanwhile, what of our friend the F.OO. ? In those

days his lot was by no means an enviable one, and it was a task

of no mean magnitude to keep communications going between

the trenches and the guns. However, it had to be done, or at

least attempted, and the following is a brief account of a typical

day in the life of a gunner subaltern.

Orders would be given that a certain hostle trench was to be

subjected to a severe, annihilating bombardment, and this

necessitated the laying out of a wire to a part of our front line,

from which the shoot could be registered, as the target could not

be observed from any other locality than the trench immediately

opposite it. The F.O O. rises early in the morning, and sets out

with his little squad of telephonists and linesmen. He requires

to post a signalman and linesman at frequent intervals, called

c



34 On the Somme.

Relay Stations, in order to preserve communication, as the wire

is being continually broken by hostile gun-fire. Progress, ina case like this, is necessarily slow, and he has to pick his way

among the shell-holes, seeking as much protection, for the line,

as circumstances will permit. The signallers follow in his foot

steps, staggering along under the weight of a large reel of wire. All

goes well until they reach the summit of a ridge, when, suddenly,a barrage from a "whizz bang" battery is placed right down on

top of the party. There is nothing for it but to remain crouched

in a friendly shell-hole, which affords a little protection, until the

storm blows over or to risk the chances of being hit in the open.The journey is then resumed, and much relief is felt when at last

the ground over a nasty dip is traversed without mishap, as this

is known to be a favourite target for hostile gunners. A muddy,unkempt communication-trench is now entered, and the party

proceed, up a slope, towards the support system, and eventuallyarrive at their destination a post in the front line overlookingits objective. Difficulty is experienced in preserving the wire

from the unguarded feet of infantrymen, who look askance at theparty as it passes, cursing the idiosyncrasies of each fire bay. Theinstrument is connected with the end of the wire, and all hold

their breath in order to hear the answering buzz which tells themthat they are through to the battery. Several futile buzzes maybe made by the telephonist, and then, no response being forth

coming, a linesman is sent down the wire towards the first relay

station. A break in the wire is discovered and speedily mended,the next attempt is successful, and the battery is called to action.

During registration the wire often breaks, and serious delays

occur, but, at length, the last gun is duly pronounced O.K. bythe officer. Just in the nick of time, too ! for the enemy commences a sharp retaliation on the portion of the trench occupiedby the little party. Refuge is sought in an old enemy shaft close

lay, and there it awaits the lime for the "show"

to commence.Several other batteries also take part in the shoot, and il is quite

impossible to pick out the shells which belong to each one as

they fall. Complete success crowns the effort, but on theparticular day here described the F.O.O. and party failed to see

the end of the bout, as they were subjected to very heavy fire,

and were all blown down the mouth of the shaft by the explosionof a shell. Luckily, though badly shaken, all escaped without

injury.



36 On the Somme

considered anything but that by the poor unfortunates who went,

and right glad they were when the time came round for their

next period of duty with the guns !

As the weather rapidly became worse, operations came to a

standstill, and all proceeded to dig themselves in for the comingwinter. Every endeavour was made to make our quarters

water-proof, as well as shell-proof, and some attempts at miningwere commenced, but the condition of the ground svas all against

such an undertaking, and the work was abandoned. Then

whispers spreadabroad that we were to be relieved for a short

rest, and, after ten weeks of incessant fighting, we were with

drawn from the line and marched to a little village named

Hangest, a few miles west of Amiens. There we were glad to

find ourselves installed in billets with a root covering us oncemore. A week of leisure helped greatly to restore our spirits,

and again we set out for the line. Our destination this time

was Combles, and we took over a battery position from the

French, who politely made us acquainted with our new surround

ings. Our allies, who had been fighting side-by-side with us onour right flank throughout the great battle, were then withdrawn,and the British front was extended to the south as far as the

banks of the River Somme. Evidence was speedily forthcomingto convince us of the severe nature of the recent fight. The

ground was strewn with wreckage and material of all descriptions,and many hostile guns were found abandoned or lying where

they had been put out of action by the irresistible dash of the

Poilus.

The country, in this part, was undulating, and better suited

to the concealment of battery positions, and nowhere was the

enemy able to overlook our territory. Our area included the

defence of the joint villages of Sailly-Saillisel, situated on commanding ground, which the French had recently bravely stormed.

Combles, too, which lay in a basin shaped hollow, was interestingas having been the centre of supplies for the southern portion of

the German Army operating in the battle, and much booty was

discovered in the huge catacombs which ran underneath thetown.

Xmas passed in much the same way as in the previous year.A smart bombardment was carried out in the morning in orderto advise the enemy that anything in the way of fraternisingwould not be countenanced by us. At mid-day the men partook



On the Somme. 37

of their Xmas fare, which had been fetched from Amiens, and ashort service was conducted by the Padre in one of the gun-pits.A slight disturbance took place at dusk, when the S.O.S. went

up from the front line and all bitteries immediately opened out.It seemed a rather extraordinary occurrence, as the evening was

unusually quiet, and, presently, it was discovered to have arisen

through an error, due to the fact that the enemy had put up acoloured light in between two ordinary Verey lights which constituted our own S.O.S.

About this time the enemy caused considerable annoyanceto a certain Battalion Headquarters, situated in a quarry close

behind the lines, by occasionally dropping a shell right into it,

the position having probably been discovered by his aircraft.

Retaliation tactics were adopted, which consisted of subjectingthe hostile trenches to a sharp half-hour s bombardment from

eight batteries, firing a total of 2,000 rounds The enemy waswell known to be very thick-skinned, but these measures met with

instant success, and it was only necessary to remind him onceagain that we were not to be trifled with in this way.

After the New Year, a severe spell of frost set in, with an

occasional heavy fall of snow, and we were somewhat annoyedwhen orders came through to sideslip our position further south,as we had made our quarters fairly comfortable by this time, and

expected to remain undisturbed throughout the winter. The new

position was situated behind the ruined village of Rancourt,

facing St Pierre Yaast wood, and was one of the worst and most

disagreeable localities it was ever our lot to occupy, as we were,more or less, water-logged the whole of our time there. Muchdifficulty was experienced by both friend and foe in enteringtheir respective front line, so much so that, by common consent,

sniping by rifle fire was discontinued until parapets were con

structed and made fit for occupation. However, sniping wasstill indulged in by the artillery, and no parties of any size were

permitted to go about freely near the front line under observation.

Affairs continued thus until the middle of February, when it

became apparent that something unusual was taking place in

enemy territory, and great explosions were heard, after which

volumes of smoke were seen to rise in large columns. These, as

was afterwards proved, were due to preparations being made bythe enemy to evacuate the low-lying country, into which theyhad reluctantly been forced, as the result of the battle of the



38 On the Somme.

Somme, priorto

fallingback

uponthe

great prepareddefences

known as the Hindenburg Line.

Instantly every one was on the alert for further signs of

evacuation, and one morning a patrol reported that the enemyhad vacated their front line. Further patrols were at once

pushed out, through St. Pierre Vaast wood, in order to maintain

contact with the retreating foe. Every precaution had to be

taken, as it was soon discovered that many forms of booby-trapshad been cunningly laid by him in his wake, and progress was

necessarily slow. Added to this, there was great difficulty in

mtinceuvring the guns over the innumerable trenches which

existed in the neighbourhood, and the pieces sank up to their

axles in the clogging mud, and were only extricated after hours

of labour. The enemy retired slowly and most methodically,

destroying everything of value and wantonly reducing the small

villages and hamlets to mere shells, by means of incendiarybombs. The inhabitants also were removed beforehand, and,when the

troopsadvanced,

they mighthave been traversing a

wilderness, so complete was the ruin and desolation on all sides.

The time had now arrived for the Brigade to have a much-needed rest and also to refit, so, at the end of March, we were

withdrawn from the contest. Marching westward, we arrived at

the village of Morlancourt in the first week of April, well content

at the prospect of returning to civilization for a protracted period.



CHAPTER VI.

Messines.

,-|,T was not long before those in authority discovered that

the neighbourhood of Morlancourt was peculiarly favourable for the carrying out of manoeuvres, with the result

that a period of "intensive training"

set in. Drill orders took

p ace four days a week, and batteries were specially trained in

the methods of open warfare, while many hours were devoted to

tactical schemes.

At this time units were reorganised, all batteries were in

creased to six guns, and there was plenty of work to keepeveryone busy The narrator of these rambling notes, after a

period of two years service with the Brigade, here transferred

his allegiance to the sister howitzer battery of the Division,known as

" The Grey Battery, from the fact that all the horses

were of that colour. Sentiment ran strong for his" old love

"

and those he was obliged to leave, but he was already well

acquainted with both officers and men of his new unit, and soonsettled down happily amongst them.

All guns were carefully calibrated on a range due west of

Peronne, and the "

hairies"

picked up rapidiy in condition,

owing to the good care and attention that was bestowed uponthem, The big battles of Vimy Ridge and Arras were now in

full swing, and it seemed unlikely that we would be called uponto take any part in them so late in the day.

Many forms of amusement were created for the men, and

football matches, both "rugger" and "soccer," were freely

indulged in between batteries and brigades, while the full

regimental band of one of the Guards regiments was kindly lent

to the Divisional Artillery. It gave many a fine entertainment

in the evenings.Time thus sped by at an amazing rate, and various visits of

inspection paid us by officers from the C.R.A. up to the Army



40 Messines.

Commander made it very apparentthat

wewere

undoubtedlybeing "fattened up"

but for what ? The question was more

than we could answer, but speculations were rife as to our

possible destination, for we knew that the Somme would see us

no more in the meantime, at all events.

Six weeks had come and gone, and yet we remained inactive

in this peaceful village ; then sudden orders were issued for us to

be ready to entrain at short notice, and, in the second week of

May, the Battery glided out of the station at Meulte preparedfor anything. A long and circuitous route was taken via Amiens,Abbeville, Etaples, Boulogne, Calais, St. Omer, and at length wearrived at Arques, near which we remained, in billets, for someconsiderable time. It was while we were there that we learnt

that it was the intention of the British Commander to gain

possession of the great Messines Ridge, which towered over our

lines, and was a stronghold of inestimable value to the enemy.As long as he held this ridge, which was the keystone of his

armies inFlanders,

he was immune fromany

vulnerable attack

on our part, and was free to launch any effensive operation fromit by using it as a stepping-off place. Added to this, the northern

end of the heights afforded him an uninterrupted view of the

southern portion of the Ypres salient, which was a source of

great annoyance to our forces on that part of the front. It was

vital, therefore, for the future operations of the British Armies,that this important ridge should be captured and kept in our

hands.

Preparations were accordingly set on foot, and artillery of all

calibre was silently concentrated from all parts, and proceededto dig itself in for the coming fray. For a long time this sector

had been free from any serious operations, and was considered a

kind of resting place for exhausted troops, but soon the peaceand quiet of the neighbourhood was to receive a rude awakening,when the tide of battle broke out upon it once more.

Proceeding through Hazebrouck and Bailleul, the Brigadearrived at its

wagonlines, a short distance west of Neuve Eglise,

and immediately each battery sent work parties to the scene of

action, in order to construct emplacements and make its positionhabitable. The spot allotted to our battery was in a little hollow

close to the cut road^, near the small ruined village of Wulverghen.Our front line was placed on the top of an undulating rise, with

the ridge itself beyond.



Messines 4 1

Our principal business was to avoid attracting the attention ofthe enemy to our preparations, and in this we were aided by the

fact that there was a considerable amount of cover beside us, in

the form of trees and undergrowth, the foliage of which was nowin full leaf.

Row upon row of batteries were placed in position behind

hedges, or artificially concealed, the barrels of the pieces peepingout from all imaginable lurking places. The Divisional Artillerywas situated in the most advanced

position,the 18

pr,batteries

ranging from within 600 to 1,000 yards of the front line, with the

howitzer batteries immediately behind them. On account of our

proximity to the enemy, the two brigades had orders to remainsilent until the day of the show, and we were only allowed to

fire enough rounds to enable us to carefully register the pieces,and this was completed without giving away any of the positions.

All ammunition was conveyed to the guns by night, and wasdistributed in small quantities near to them. Before long the

enemy became alive to the fact that we were contemplating somemove, and consequently increased his devastating fire by night,with the result that many dumps in the vicinity were explodedby him. He was bound to hit something, the countryside wasso packed with all manner of ammunition. He had no idea,

however, of the magnitude of our coming effort, and firmlybelieved his position to be impregnable, and that it was beyondour power to free ourselves from his grip.

He contented himstlf with drenching our little valley with

chemical shell whenever conditions were favourable, but so

accustomed were the men to their gas masks that no serious

consequences resulted, although it was distinctly unpleasant to

have to pass each night enveloped in these stuffy contrivances,

especially as the weather remained hot and oppressive.The Battery had more than their average share of good

fortune throughout these operations, and it is worthy of puttingon record that the unit did not sustain a single casualty to either

man or horse. This was all the more remarkable as the engineershad constructed a wide plank road, which passed through the

centre of our position, and could not be concealed from our foes,

who lavishly besprinkled it with shrapnel after dark. Manycasualties were caused to the transport, and the Officers Mess

virtually became an aid-post, where every assistance was rendered

the wounded men.



42 Messines.

Our sister howitzer battery was lined up alongsideof

us, and,when the two positions were first inspected, much chaff ensuedas to which had the better place, and the men of our batterywere certainly all of the opinion that, had the selection devolved

upon them, we would unanimously have plumped for the other

one. They had no landmarks likely to attract hostile fire, andthus occasion them the unpleasant sensation of living on top of

a volcano, while we were slap-bang in the middle of a conspicuouscross road, with a constant stream of traffic coming and going

through ; yet, so strange and fickle are the fortunes of war that,

while we escaped unharmed, our comrades next door suffered a

heavy gruelling.The preliminary borbardment commenced, and continued

throughout five days, but, in order to deceive the enemy as to

our weight of artillery, not more than fifty per cent, of the gunsin the line were allowed to take part at one time. A row of

O.P. s had been constructed on Hill 65, which overlooked the

valleyand town of Messines. A fine

sightwas witnessed as that

stronghold was gradually reduced to a mere shell by our heavies,which effected extraordinarily good work in smashing the elaborate

structures of the enemy s defence.

The preparations were all that could be desired, and every

thing was carefully worked out to the minutest detail : not a stone

was left unturned to render the operations a complete success.

The labour and expense was well rewarded too, for surely nobattle ever tan so smoothly from first to last, and it will always

be looked back upon by the British soldier as a model of

triumphant organisation. The battle only lasted a single day,but in that time the formidable network of trenches was neatlyand clearly shorn off, and the enemy, who relied so much on the

security of these positions, found himself suddenly pushed downthe slope into unsuitable ground, where he could no longer be a

menace to us

The "

feet"

of our Division were not in the line, being held in

reserve, and, as it turned out,they

were not calledupon

at all

at this juncture, so well did the course of the battle progress.We were covering the infantry of an English Division, and, onthe evening previous to the attack, the troops passed us noise

lessly and in perfect order on their way to their various points of

assembly. All were in excellent spirits, which augured well for

the next day, and a feeling of calm confidence appeared to



Messines. 43

prevail amongst them. A stream of gas and tear shells wasmaintained by the foe throughout the night, but it was mostlydirected on the zone which contained the battery positions, con

sequently the infantry was caused little inconvenience.

Early the following morning, shortly before dawn, the attack

was heralded by the explosion of the mines, which had beenin course of preparation for months beforehand. This was the

sign for the guns to open out, and the assault was launchedfrom north of St. Eloi in the Salient to the

neighbourhoodof Ploegsterte in the south, the men following close in the

wake of the now familiar and popular creeping barrage.The force of the explosions was terrific, and the vibration

was felt far and wide ; even strong concrete "pill-boxes"were

swung to and fro, and the occupants were tossed from side

to side as if they were on board ship in a rough sea. Someindication of the colossal nature of these upheavals may be

gauged from the fact that the craters were, in some cases,

more than 200 ft. in diameter, and that the earth thrown upobliterated every hostile trench in the vicinity, completely

burying the unfortunate garrisons who manned them.At the same moment the sky was lit up by all manner of

S.O.S. lights and the innumerable flashes from our guns, which

were now showing their maximum strength for the first time.

They belched forth concentrated death, the roar reached such

a deafening crescendo that conversation was entirely out of

the question indeed it was impossible to hear one s ownvoice. However, the scene was truly impressive, and the

grandeur was beyond anything hitherto seen.

As daylight crept in, the infantry were observed to be

making rapid progress, although, here and there, stiff oppositionwas encountered. Soon the summit of the ridge was gained,and the men swept on and disappeared over the crest, leavingthe mopping-up parties to complete their work. The Tanks

bravely waddled up after them, in a vain effort to keep up,

for the attacking infantry went so fast, in the first stages,that they easily outstripped those ponderous giants and left

them far behind.

Meanwhile the field batteries which had been in positionfarthest in the rear, and so were already out of range, limbered

up and dashed into action in front of our Brigade. As soon

as the next row was also out of action, they too galloped



44 Messines

past and took up their place again in

"

No Mans

Land,"

while the Engineers worked at their highest pressure to pull

down trenches and prepare the way for the gunners. Thuswe were able to give the fullest possible support to the infantry,

and the fire never ceased, while the men always found the

creeping barrage laid down in front of them.

Early on in the fray prisoners came dribbling back in a

more or less da/.ed condition, and, as they passed the arrayof guns, they paused and gazed in evident wonder at the hugeconcentration probably realising how fortunate they were in

escaping the fate of so many of their comrades.

Now, the enemy, although he knew an attack was imminent,had failed to anticipate the correct zero day, with the result

that, on several portions of this front, various reliefs were in

process of taking place at the actual time of the assault.

The consequence was his defence was thrown into a state of

confusion, while the extra numbers in the trench offered a

doubleprey

foi thebayonets

of ourmen,

who were not slow

in sei/.ing the chances thus afforded them.

The whole of the first objectives were quickly in our

possession, as well as the villages of Messines and Wytscheate,and there was a slight pause to give a breathing space to the

infantry, and to allow time for the field guns to take up their

allotted positions beyond the recently captured enemy trenches,before entering upon the second and final stage of the battle.

When the creeping barrage, which had remained stationary

during this period, went forward once more, the infantryencountered stronger opposition, but by this time the Tankswere well up in support, and were instrumental in breaking

up the machine-gun nests and thus enabling the men to

proceed up to schedule time.

The enemy lost a number of field artillery pieces, but hadtaken the precaution to withdraw most of the heavy ones

several days before, when our bombardment commenced.His

shooting,therefore, was rather wild and erratic, as he

evidently had not had sufficient time to register his guns

properly in the new positions. The result was that, fortunatelyfor us, most of his energy was misplaced, and, for a battle of

this magnitude, the casualties were not as heavy as might havebeen expected.



Messines. 45

By early afternoon the final objectives wereeverywhere

in

our hands, and the work of consolidating the fruitful gainsthat the last few hours had yielded was immediately begun.

Several counter-attacks were attempted by the enemy, butwere not pushed with much vigour, and no success was securedin that direction ; our infantry remained firm and could not

be dislodged.Trenches were swiftly constructed, the work proceeding

without intermission, and by evening the men were, more or

less, securely "dug in, except in a few places where the linewas slightly irregular, and which was afterwards rectified bymeans of a small operation.

By the time the battle had finished we found ourselves

the farthest back Brigade in the line, the immense number of

batteries which, at the beginning, had been in our rear werenow well in front of us, and on this sector the Divisional

Artillery were the only two Brigades who did not move forward

during the course of the fight. Moreover, by this time wewere firing almost at extreme range close to the enemy s new-

front line, which gives some idea of the distance our mencovered.

The day had been an exhausting one for the gunners, and,in order to give some indication of the work and labour theyhad been called upon to do, our battery alone fired over

4000 rounds of ammunition. This was by no means a bad

performance when one takes into consideration that each shell

weighs 35 Ibs., and necessitated a goodly amount of manhandling, but the men all had their

"

peckers wellup,"

and

displayed much determination throughout.For a few days following the battle there were a number

of small isolated scraps for positions, and one or two enemycounter-attacks, before the new front settled down into some

thing like normal conditions again. Decca-ville and light

railways were pushed up smartly by the R.O.D., and the

Engineers constructed new roads, while Labour Battalions

were busily employed repairing the old ones and clearing upthe litter of the battlefield.

Ever since we came into action it had been no secret

that our stay in this area would be of short duration, andthat we were only to be employed in the battle itself, andwere only to remain as long as our services were really



46 Messines.

required. It was no surprise when, five days later, orders

came through for us to withdraw from the line. We pulledout back to our wagon line, and from there proceeded throughBailleul to the little hamlet of Borre, a few miles east of

Hazebrouck, where we remained pending removal to our next

destination. We all had the feeling that our recent tour hadbeen a great success, and were well satisfied with the part wehad taken in the operations, for this was the first occasion

on which we had witnessed a battle go smoothly, without a

hitch from start to finish, and was agreat

contrast toany

previous one in which we had participated.A few days in rest sufficed to put the Brigade ship-shape

once more, and we were now ready for the next bout. Nodelay was made in transferring us to another neighbourhood,and we set out in a northerly direction, which boded little

good, for we knew that unpleasant events were developing in

that quarter.



CHAPTER VII.

Ypres Again.

!N the middle of June the Division arrived in the

neighbourhood of Ypres, and at once took over fromthe Belgians from just below Boesinghe northwards.

We were thus back on familur ground, as we had occupiedthe next sector to the south in the previous year. Althoughwe were not actually in the Salient itself, we were situated at

the northern re-entrant to it The Yser Canal constituted" No Man s Land," the eastern bank of which was held by

the enemy and the western by ourselves.The battery positions on this occasion were placed a

considerable distance behind, mainly around the village of

Elverdinghe, as the enemy had close observation and overlookedus from Pilkem Ridge. We did not take long to discover

that our opponents were well acquainted with the situation of

our new homes, for the majority of the batteries were subjectedat once to an avalanche of shells as soon as they opened fire

in order to register the guns. It became imperative for us to

build alternative positions or go elsewhere, while other sections

moved forward and undertook most of the firing. We hadnot been settled more than a few days when the enemysuddenly conceived a violent attraction for the house occupiedby the officers mess, and, after several direct hits had beenmade on it, we decided that the place was becoming too hot,

and searched round for a more suitable abode. We packedup, made a hasty flight, and secured accommodation in a

house which was strengthened by concrete, but even there wehad to be wary, especially at night, for we were very close to

a road fork, beloved by the enemy gunners.The majority of the O.P. s were also obvious to the keen

eyes of the foe, who paid them much attention on every

possible occasion, and it was just as well for the occupants



48 Ypres Again

that they had been strongly constructed with steel girders and

concrete. On one occasion an officer, doing a night O.P.duty, along with his telephonist, was subjected to a full hour s

bombardment by two hostile batteries, which fired salvoes

regularly every minuta. Next morning there was nothing left

of the house except the skeleton, with the O.P. structure

standing out defiant in bold relief in the midst of it.

These then were the conditions on this sector at the time

of our taking it over, and it will be seen that the enemydid more or less what he chose, and was undoubtedly top

dog as far as gunnery was concerned. However, this was not

to remain long so, as almost immediately preparations wereset on foot for the coming offensive, which had already beendecided upon.

A host of new O P. s were erected, new roads and light

railways constructed, while large working parties preparedfresh gun pits in advanced positions, and all were carefully

camouflaged where they were exposed to enemy view. Every

day new units arrived, and the country appeared to be overrun with troops. Most of the forward work had to be done

during the night, and, as each position was completed, the

guns were silently concentrated. While this was in progress,the Divisional Artillery only were maintained for the defence

of the line, as it was not advisable that the enemy should

know until the last possible moment that anything unusual

was afoot. The scheme was a much more ambitious onethan that in which we had recently taken a part, and, if

everything went forward according to plan, it meant that wewould be on the go for a considerable time, and there even

appeared to be a chance of getting a taste of the long-talked-of

open warfare.

About this time a most amusing episode was witnessed

by one of our Subalterns who was doing a laison with the

infantry at a battalion headquarters. This place was situated

most unpleasantly, and was well known to the enemy, con

sequently accommodation had to be sought undergroundas

much as possible. While the F.O.O. and his companion, the

Intelligence Officer, were performing their ablutions early one

morning outside the mouth of the cellar, a Brigadier with his

Staff suddenly appeared on the scene to pay a visit to the

Commander. The two Staff Officers remained outside, and



50 Ypres Again.

guns under cover of darkness for this purpose, and to with

draw them out of range again before daybreak.It was during this period that he introduced the new

mustard gas for the first time, and it must be admitted that

he surprised and inflicted considerable casualties on us at first

by this latest specimen in his assortment of poison.Our initial attack had to be postponed for several days,

as the French, who came in immediately on our left, were

delayed in putting in their appearance, consequently they had

many hours bombardment to make up, but, when it did

commence, it was no uncertain one, and the noise was terrific.

In the meantime our bombardment was continued also, thoughin a lesser degree, and the destruction of the enemy s lines

was, as far as we were able to judge, thorough and complete.This delay proved a blessing in disguise to the Guards, who

were to deliver the assault on our sector. The problem of

effecting a crossing of the canal was a most serious and difficult

one, and it had been arranged to send the men over on floating

mats, as agood

deal of water still remained inparts

of the bed.

In others so much mud and slime were encountered, while

carrying out a serious of raids, that it was almost impossible to

cross without some such assistance, and it will be readily understood that it was imperative to waste no time in this manoeuvre,

especially as the foe was awaiting them on the further bank.

Whether it was that the enemy could not maintain communications between his front line and the rear, on account of ourintense bombardment, or whether, as has been suggested, he

suspected a repetition of Messines, and that we had minedunderneath the canal bed, at all events three days before the

attack he evacuated the canal bank and retired just over the crest

of the hill some 800 yards beyond. This movement, however,had not been carried out unperceived by our valiant airmen,who, flying at a low altitude, returned and reported the situation.

Immediately strong patrols crossed the canal and pushed up the

slope on the other side, in order to remain in contact with the

enemy and gauge his whereabouts. A series ofposts

were thus

established 500 to 600 yards east of the canal, and orders were

given to hold them at alt costs, so that on the day of the battle

our infantry could start off from there without having any serious

obstacle in their way. Many men crossed the canal by means of

hastily constructed foot bridges or floating rafts made of biscuit

and petrol tins ingeniously lashed together.



Ypres Again. 51

On this occasion we will follow thefortunes of the F.O.O.

s

detailed to accompany the infantry on their journey over the topon the first day of the battle. The party consisted of two officers

and fourteen signallers and linesmen from the Brigade, who,during the past fortnight, had received full instructions as to

their duties. Every detail had been carefully worked outbeforehand ; the men had been divided into several groups, eacharmed with telephones, reels of wire, flags, and Lucas lamps, all

these things being necessary for the provision of each relay

station. One of the officers was to accompany the attackingwaves of infantry with his staff, consisting of a telephonist, lines

man, and signaller, while the duty of the other was to work in

conjunction with him and to maintain, as far as possible,

uninterrupted communication with the Brigade after laying downthe wire. The morning before the battle, the wire was laid out

over the canal as far as the series of outposts, in order to save

time on the following day. The same evening, at sunset, the

party set out, after receiving wishes for the best of

goodluck

from those who had been fortunate enough to escape beingdetailed for this arduous task. Officers and men proceeded to

their appointed places in the front line, or rather in what hadonce been an enemy support trench, though now it was scarcely

recognisable as such, owing to the effects of our bombardment,there to remain for the night and await coming events.

Now, in consequence of the enemy s premature retirement

over the crest, he lost most of his observation on us, but he was

aware we had effected a crossing and held posts on his side ofthe canal. He therefore lavishly besprinkled this area with all

manner of high explosive shells one here, one there ; never twoin the same place and the members of the party began to

wonder whether they would survive to witness the fortunes of the

battle. It always appears to be a matter of conjecture as to whatare the real feelings of an F.O.O. about to take the plunge, so

perhaps it might be of interest in this case to acquaint ourselves with

them As he lies out there with his men, where are his thoughts ?

Are they of his home, his parents, wife, or children ? Will heever see their dear faces again ? No ! all that agony has been

fought out over and over again long ago, during the previous

fortnight or so, since he has been detailed for this particular

job. Then, what does he think about ? If the truth be told, heis rapidly running over in his mind all the little things which



52 Ypres Again.

may perhaps, at the last moment, have been omitted or fur-

gotten. He questions Gunner "So-and-so" to make certain

that that extra piece of wire has been brought along, and asks

what the h 1 Gunner "

Somebody else"

is doing standing there

without a "

tin-hat"

on, and enquires of the Bombardier if he

has adjusted the Lucas lamp properly, which has been giving

some trouble previously. These and a hundred-and-one other

such questions flash through his brain as he lies on the groundwith his little party, all vigorously puffing pipes or cigarettes.

The hours go by very slowly, and conversation on any old topicis attempted from time to time, sleep being entirely out of the

question, as everyone is much too excited for anything of that

nature. Meanwhile the bombardment continues without inter

mission, and the night becomes intensely cold and eerie. \Vill

the darkness never pass and let us get started on the job ?

Soon after midnight the infantry, who are to make the assault,

arrive at their places of assembly, full of quips and jests, a sure

sign that they are cheery and in good form for the coming fray.

Rum is served out, and the men lie down in little bunches,either to snatch a few minutes sleep or else to resume their

constant arguments and bickerings on every subject under the

sun except anything connected with the war. Zero hour at last

draws near, and everyone grows more restless, for this period is

much the most trying time to endure, and all topics of conversa

tion have long since been exhausted. Then a short, sharp order

passes down the line, and the answering shouts announce that all

arepresent

andready

the"

quarterto zero

"

has arrived.

Another crisp order comes along, and there are a series of

ominous clicks as each man adjusts his bayonet to the rifle, then

the men line up in perfect extended order, ready for the word to

go. A faint grey appears in the sky to the east, but only the

next man is visible to his neighbour, as the darkness is still uponus. The F.O.O. s and party are also up and ready, final instruc

tions being rapidly given to the signallers, who nod assent that

everything is prepared and understood. Then suddenly the gunsbark out afresh, and a creeping barrage drops down like a cuitainin front of the men, who follow after it at an easy walk. Fortuneattends the little party, as the wire has only been cut in three

places, and these are speedily repaired ; and, as soon as the

second wave of men is clear of the trenrh, the line is laid out as

rapidly as possible behind them. The ground is difficult to



Ypres Again. 53

traverse,being

full ofdeep craters,

so theparty progresses

more

slowly than the infantry, and presently the third wave gains onand passes it by. At first the enemy puts down a nasty barrage,

just beyond our stepping-off place, but most of his heavy stuff

falls on the canal bank, and, as the majority of the troops have

already crossed, the damage is not severe. By this time the

party has gained the top of the crest, and, after establishing a

relay station in a pill-box late y occupied by their opponents, the

remainder proceed on their way. Many are the temptations to

dawdle, instead of getting on with the work, so much of interestis taking place around them, including the amusing, and at that

time not too frequent, sight of scores of the enemy, with uplifted

hands, emerging from pill-boxes, where they must have been

packed like sardines.

An auxiliary wire tapped into the main F.O.O. line is led to

another pill-box, now to be used as a new infantry headquartersfor the time being, and the party comes under the fire of a

hostile machine gun emplacement, which necessitates their lyingin a shell-hole for a while. On arrival there, the

"

mopping up"

party is found still at work, but it soon completes its grim task.

The officer who has proceeded with the infantry now sends his

first message through to the effect that the first objectives are

taken, the wire fortunately holding out well at the moment, everysound being clear and distinct. The Lucas lamp is then fixed on

top of the relay station, and communications established in case

the wire goes, but the morning dawns in mist, and signalling by

this method is unsatisfactory.After a short pause, the infantry proceed on the second stage

of their adventure, the F.O.O. and party following up and layingout wire close behind them. More messages are sent throughto Brigade, and the wire breaks on several occasions, but is

speedily dealt with by the linesmen, who are kept busy patrolling

up and down the line. Meanwhile, items of extreme interest are

taking place around the pill-pox of the Central Relay Station.

Numerous batches of prisoners are drifting back, for the most

part unattended, composed entirely of youths of nineteen and

twenty years of age, the Guards having refused to kill these

babies, only"

despatching"

the older men, for the Division upagainst them was very mixed, and may best be described as a

"dud"

lot, and it did not put up much of a fight. The lads all

look weary and mud-stained, although there is an expression of



Ypres Again. 55

telephonist endeavours to send it through, there is no answeringbuzz. Thereupon the linesman is despatched as a runner, and,on reaching the first relay station, he transfers the written

message to another linesman, who immediately sets out for thenext relief, and so on, until the message duly arrives at head

quarters.Thus the day wears on : sometimes direct communication

is possible, and at others the wire is "dished," but, on the

whole, a good deal of information is passed through. Therelay posts are constantly shelled, and the bombardier in

charge is wounded, while one runner was killed in his gallantendeavour to pass through a heavy barrage with an importantcommunication. In the evening the party, much exhaustedwith the strenuous and never ending work of the day, is

relieved by a fresh group of officers and signallers, who take

over from them, and the little party wend their way homewards

profoundly thankful to find themselves back with their unit

safe and sound.The situation, at the end of the opening day of the battle,

was roughly this : In the north all had gone well, and mostof the objectives aimed at were successfully taken, but, such

stiff resistance was met with further south, that the assaulting

troops were held up after they had gained only about half of

those allotted to them, and, although they fought stubbornlyand determinedly, they were unable to make further ground.Thus the left wing was forced to mark time while the troops

on the right made a series of attacks in order to straightenout the tine, otherwise the army to the north would have

found itself enclosed in a nasty salient. The artillery, over

the whole battle front, also encountered great difficulty in

advancing the guns, the ground was so ploughed up by the

effects of the long preliminary bombardment. Even the horse

gunners, who were detailed to move up in immediate suppoitof the infantry, were unable to proceed further than a few

hundredyards

on the other side of the canal.Huge

craters,

placed lip to lip, met them in all directions, and an advance

was found to be out of the question till new tracks were

prepared and the road cleared of debris. This naturally took

some time to accomplish, and, meanwhile, all the field batteries

were advanced as close to the canal bank as possible, but

even then they were much too far behind, and were firing at

almost extreme range.



56 Ypres Again.

No serious attack could be delivered, therefore, for some

ten days, until sufficient time had elapsed to enable the

gunners to occupy new positions some way across the canal,

and, on this occasion, Langemarke fell into our hands, as well

as the line of the Broombeke. Progress remained slow further

south, consequently our front became stationary. Now, it so

happened that most of our batteries were in extremely awkward

positions, as we had expec.ted to be moved forward at anytime. They were right out in the open, devoid of any cover,

and,for the most

part, placedin shell holes which had been

hastily converted into pits. Here we were subjected to the

most "gruelling"time that was ever our lot to endure, and

the battle developed into a gigantic duel between batteries,

in which our position was no worse than the others. Welived in shell holes, scantily covered with corrugated iron anda layer or two of sand-bags, scarcely splinter proof, nor hadwe any means of making ourselves more secure. The enemy s

heavy counter batteries swept and searched over the slope

where the majority of our batteries were congregated, andnever before or after were they seen to reach such a pitch of

efficiency.

Never a day passed without casualties, and often a numberof gunners were buried as the result of an explosion, and hadto be hastily dug out, and early on we lost one of our

subaltern officers, who was borne away to the dressing station

with no less than a dozen wounds on him. It was with great

difficulty that thebattery

was kept in action sometimes, and,

though we soon shifted our position to a flank, this did not

relieve the situation. A 60 pdr. battery not far behind us

developed the fatal habit of becoming particularly active during"flash time," and, as its flash was notoriously conspicuous, it

was not surprising that its location was promptly pin-pointedby the enemy, who proceeded to knock it out : and this theysucceeded in doing without much delay. During this particularcontest we always got the short rounds, and, as they were not

peas that were coming over, but 8 and 1 1

*

shells, theatmosphere was unpleasant, to say the least of it !

We considered ourselves lucky if we could keep 50 percent, of the guns in action at the same time, while everynerve was strained to dig out the remainder, and it was a

very heartless job, as a gun had no sooner been recovered



5-s Ypres Again.

Another attack was impending, which again necessitated

the forward movement of all batteries, and this time we weremore fortunate in the selection of a site, and had several

German pill-boxes in which to live and take refuge. Owingto the congestion on the one and only good road in the

neighbourhood and the hostile shelling thereof, it was a

matter of luck to find ourselves safely installed behind Abri

Wood, and we immediately set out preparing for the new

fight. Unfortunately, the weather again came to the assistance

of our foe, anda

spellof rain and wind made conditions

extremely difficult for both infantry and gunners. However,the battle was proceeded with, and the result was an advance

over the mud and slime of the river Broombeke as far as the

outskirts of Hotithoulst Forest, a distance of about two miles;

our French allies, on the left, keeping in Mep with us throughout this operation. Then the inevitable forward move of the

batteries was resumed, and this time we occupied positionsdown the further slope of the hill immediately across the

rivulet of the Steenbeke. In consequence of torrents of rain,

which continued daily, the low-lying ground became flooded,

and it was all we could do to prevent the guns sinking in

the sodden earth, and they frequently disappeared in the mudup to their axles. Dry accommodation was nowhere to be

found except in a great pill-box, which we added to and

strengthened, and it was popularly called the "Rabbit Hutch,"

for the obvious reason that it held the majority of the four

batteries of theBrigade.Now, our last attack lud advanced us considerably further

than the men on the right, who throughout the past monthhad encountered very stiff" opposition, so we had perforce to

remain stationary and mark time, while the battle continuedto the south. On several occasions we rendered assistance

by putting up what is commonly known as a" Chinese

barrage, i.e., the artillery carries out the ordinary programmepreceding an attack, but no action follows on the part of the

infantry. Conditions were equally disagreeable at the wagonlines, which speedily developed into quagmires, and it wasalmost impossible to walk about the lines unless attired in

waders, and, even then, there was always the possibility of

completely disappearing in the mud. Over and above that,

the wagon lines were subjected every now and then to the



Ypres Again 59

attentions of a high velocity gun, as well us frequent visits fromhostile night bombing machines, which were following the

example set by our airmen and were endeavouring to pay us

back in our own coin. Much damage was done in and aroundthe neighbourhood, but our lines escaped exceedingly lightly.

The question of ammunition supply became acute, and the

use of pack saddles was again necessitated, and, because of the

great distance between wagon lines and gun position, the round

journey sometimes took eighteen hours to accomplish, and

naturally the strain eventually told greatly upon both men andhorses

The battery positions were not long in being located by the

enemy, who expended great quantities of ammunition in his

attempts to destroy them : and he made much use of chemical

and mustard shell, which in time saturated the low-lying groundon which the guns were placed. In this way he effectively gassedthe B.C., a subaltern, and several of the men, who were all

despatched to the wagon line, and the Captain assumed commandfor the time being and brought up reliefs with him. By this

time the Battery was again in a very bad way, and a rest was

promised on several occasions, only to be held up time and againwith the exhortation to hold out yet a little while longer. Winterwas rapidly approaching, and it was necessary to adjust our line

before fighting came to a standstill : and a considerable distance

had yet to be traversed before the goal Passchendaele and the

ridge on which it was situated could be reached.

The battery, meanwhile, waited on in patience. All the

remaining officers were affected by the mustard gas, as well as

the majority of the gunners, and a sorry sight we presented when,in the first week in November, an incoming battery took over

from us. We then proceeded to the new wagon lines, near

Proven, in an utterly exhausted condition.



CHAPTER VIII.

Cambrai.

i|pp>VERYONE thought that our long-expected rest was now

iellif forthcoming, so it was a great surprise when we were^^* ordered to hold ourselves in readiness for a long march.

What did it all mean? Were we marching into our new area

and having our rest there or were we to be pitchforked into

another scrap ?

No indication of our destination was given, and everythingseemed most mysterious ; and, when the Brigade arrived in the

neighbourhood of Merville, there did not appear to be any signof a definite halt. At all events the journey was being performedin easy stages, as if we were filling in time, and we were alwaysmaking further south, till, passing behind Bethune, the vicinityof Arras was reached. Here news of the surprise attack at

Cambrai first reached our ears, the secret of which had been

kept so well, and, heading in the direction of Bapaume, we were

acquainted with the fact that we were again "for it."

Now, the initial attack, which came as a complete surprise to

the enemy, had met with instant success, and, with the aid of a

considerable number of Tanks, the great Hindenburg line hadbeen breeched over a distance of from 6 to 8 miles, with the

result that the fall of Cambrai a centre of great importance to

to the Germans appeared imminent.

However, after the first couple of days, the attack was not

pressed home as it might have been, for some reason or other,

and the fight came to an abrupt standstill, leaving our troops in

a particularly bag^y salient. These were the conditions thatprevailed when the Division gradually moved nearer the scene of

action.

In the beginning of the fourth week of November, we entered

the battle, taking over from a famous Scottish Division whichhad fought with great distinction on the opening days.



Cambrai 6r

The battery was placed in action to the north of Flesquieres,well inside the salient facing Bourlon Wood, in a position onlyrecently completed by the enemy and which had not even been

occupied by him. There was plenty of accommodation for

everyone in the deep mined dug-outs prepared by him somethirty to forty feet below the ground, and the officers quarterswere spacious and lavishly constructed.

From this point the domes and the spires of the city of

Cambrai could be clearly distinguished ; indeed, they appeared

such a short distance away, it looked as if a saunter would carryus into the heart of the town.

It was most interesting and instructive studying the elaborate

system of the Hindenburg defences. First, there were three

separate belts of closely-entwined barbed wire, each being some

thirty yards wide, and behind them came a deep, narrow forefield

trench that was only intended to be lightly manned. Communication trenches led back to the main Hindenburg trench somedistance behind, in most cases being out of immediate view fromour lately occupied positions.

This trench was both deep and wide, being some twelve feet

across and duck- boarded throughout, raised on wooden stakes to

prevent the water reaching the level of the pathway. At short

intervals shafts led down to the spacious dug-outs beneath, whichwere all connected and linked up with one another In fact,

practically speaking, one could walk from one end of the line to

the other below the surface of the ground.

Skilfully concealed,at

frequent intervals, were emplacementsfor both trench-mortars and machine-guns, all heavily concreted

and covered on top with turf.

The enemy must have thought himself very secure in this

vast stronghold, but in a way this very fact contributed, in a

great measure, to his undoing ; for, it is common knowledge that

the more one frequents df ep dug-outs the less inclination there

is to emerge from them when a scrap is taking place.

Finally, some 500 yards in the rear, a support line ran along,which, though not constructed with the same strength, wasformidable enough in itself.

To judge by the indescribable mess, and by the mass of

material left littered about, the enemy must indeed have beat

a hasty retreat. The dug-outs were filthy to the last degree,and there was no sign of any system of sanitation having been



62 Cambrai

used by these people, who considered their" Kultur

"

to bs

superlative, and who desired to impose it on the rest of mankind. All through the campaign, whenever one had the

opportunity of inspecting hostile trenches and billets, one alwaysfound the sanu- thing, filth and lack of sanitation.

Now, for some little time our hold on Bourlon Wood hadbeen precarious, so a further attack was initiated, and the Guardswent in to straighten the line. They swept through the Wood,taking the villages of Bourlon and Fontaine, but a giganticcounter attack pressed them back again owing to reinforcements

being late in arriving to render assistance. They were so badlymauled and cut up that it was necessary to withdraw themfrom the line to refit, and infantry from an " Old Contemptible

"

Division took their place. Bourlon Wood became so saturated

with gas that, after a great tussle, neither side was able to

tenant it any longer, and so withdrew, leaving a screen of

outposts to prevent any surprise attack.

This was the situation when dawn broke on the 3oth of

November,a

day which provedto be one of

upsand downs

for us, and caused many misgivings to arise in the old country.The object of the enemy was to pinch either side of the jaws,

and, if his attack on the north had met with equal success

with that on the south, there would have been little hope for

the troops in the salient, .who undoubtedly would have beensurrounded and cut off. However, as events turned out, ourmen held out and remained firm. Moreover, it was afterwards

discovered from captured documents that the enemy s scheme

was a large and ambitious one. Not only was it his intentionto retake the whole of our recent gains, but to press on further

through Havrincourt Wood, and establish himself on a line

beyond it.

The Germans employed the same tactics as we used on the

opening day of the battle there was no preliminary bombardment, and their troops advanced under cover of a heavy mist

and preceded by a creeping barrage. They put an overwhelmingnumber of

troopsinto the

fight,the odds

againstour men

being something like three to one, but our infantry in the north

fought valiantly, although they were forced to give ground step

by step in the initial stages. As the day wore on and the mist

rose, we were able to see the hostile infantry advancing in

masses, but they were paying a heavy toll at the hands of ourmachine gunners, who cut many a line in their ranks.



Cambrai. 63

The situation became tense when the enemy succeeded in

driving our men across the Bapaume-Cambrai road, and wereseen to be approaching Anneux and Graincourt. The 18 prs.batteries which were lying alongside of us dragged their gunsout of their pits on to the crest in front, and proceeded to

rake the enemy, firing as rapidly as they were able, throughopen sights, the gunners stripped to the waist, toiling and

sweating in their endeavour to stop the oncoming tide. Thefight swayed backward and forward throughout the whole day,but finally the enemy was held in check without gaining further

ground, and he incurred very heavy casualties.

In the south the situation was very obscure, and somehowor other the enemy broke a gap in the defences betweenLa Vacquerie and Gouzeaucourt, capturing the latter place as

well as the village of Gonnelieu, and commenced streamingthrough. He had advanced a considerable distance before the

importance of his move was fully realized, consequently most

extraordinary incidents occurred, stories of which are now

familiar to everyone. Battery positions were rapidly overrun,and even wagon lines were captured, while Labour companies,

working *on the roads far behind the front, on looking up,discovered the foe almost on top of them.

There were no reserves in immediate support, and affairs

were taking on a most serious complexion. Something had to

be done and that right speedily ! Therefore the Guards, whohad only two days previously been withdrawn from the fight,

were again called upon. They were lying in rest around

Bertincourt, Ytres and Royaulcourt, and were hurriedly conveyedin buses and motor lorries to Metz, where they formed upand set out on their big counter-attack, supported by our sister

Brigade and another gunner unit which chanced to have been

pulled out on the previous night. Now, the enemy troops

appeared to be as much surprised at their success as we were,and continued advancing in a bewildered kind of fashion,astonished at the little or entire lack of opposition with which

theymet.

Suddenly, however, they cameface to face with

the full strength of the best disciplined troops in the world,

whereupon they paused, staggered, and at length commencedto fall back, in confusion and disorder, with the result that

the day was saved just in the nick of time, and most of the

ground was recovered, in addition to some 50 guns.



64 Cambrai.

Meanwhile the wagon lines were situated in the village of

Ribecourt, rightinside the

salient, and, althoughit was known

that a scrap was taking place, no one had any idea as to its

stupendous nature. The fact that the village lay in a valley,

surrounded by hills, prevented much noise of the conflict

reaching those in it. However, shortly after breakfast, it became

apparent that something was amiss, and the place became

subjected to a heavy bombardment. The horses and vehicles

were evacuated as quickly as possible, without suffering unduecasualties, and collected on the hillside a short distance away,

facing Bourlon Wood, where they "stood to" awaiting furtherorders.

Hostile aeroplanes put in an appearance, flying daringlylow hither and thither across the salient, endeavouring to pick

up as much information as possible, and sometimes droppingbombs. Many a tussle took place between them and our

airmen, who did not allow them undisputed sway for long.At noon instructions came through to be prepared to

withdraw the guns at any moment, but in the end this wasfound unnecessary. Even at this time we were unaware that

the enemy had penetrated our line to the south, and the first

indication we had that something unusual was taking place,was the arrival of some reinforcements, who hurried along the

top of the hillside behind us, and took up positions facing in

the opposite direction ! A short time elapsed, and then wewere astonished and horrified to see a creeping barrage roll

along, top the crest, and gradually draw nearer us from the

rear. Fortunately, it stopped before actually reaching -us, for

by this time the enemy had attained his furthest point of

penetration, and the counter attack had already been launched.

Throughout the rest of the day the wagon line "stood to7

ready for any emergency, and at dusk the limbers were sent

up to the position, and the guns were withdrawn the same

night and placed in action in the railway cutting immediatelybehind the ridge to the south of Flesquieres.

It became evident, after the experiences of the previousday, that, as long as we remained in this awkward salient, wewould undoubtedly be exposed to further attacks at the handsof the enemy. The Germans meanwhile had concentrated

huge forces in the vicinity, so a continuation of our advancewas now out of the question, and a modification of our front



Cambrai. 65

was decided upon. The infantry constructed a new line

running north of Flesquieres Ridge, and, as soon as it wascompleted, our troops fell back on it under cover of darkness,

unperceived and therefore unmolested by the enemy, who onlymade the discovery on the following day, and then cautiouslyfollowed up until they came in contact with us once more.The salient presented a curious aspect at night to those inside

it, and we seemed to be almost surrounded by Verey lights,as indeed we were, except where the narrow neck led outtowards Metz.

The enemy did not, as was expected, attempt any further

operations on a large scale, but contented himself with makingthings very uncomfortable for us. In spite of our withdrawal,the line was still saggy to a large extent, and he could bringhis guns to bear on any part of the salient and enfilade it.

He also paid much attention to bombing, and his planes cameover at dawn and dusk and caused a good deal of damage.The wagon lines came in for their share of unpleasantness,

and in the course of a fortnight we were forced to quit noless than three positions in turn. The battery was specially

handicapped by the colour of its horses, and was evidently

easily spotted by hostile aircraft, for we had more than ourshare of ill fortune at this period. To take the worst case

that befell us, one night the wagon line lost 35 horses. Acovey of enemy planes had been over at daybreak, and

apparently made a mental note of our location, as they returned

the same evening and dropped several bombs, though, strangeto say, no damage was effected. However, towards midnight,a 4 2 battery suddenly opened fire with instantaneous fuse

action, and many casualties were inflicted before the horses

could be removed, owing to difficulties in the pitch darkness.

The most wonderful fact in the whole proceedings was that,

although there was little or no cover for the men, who wereensconced in bivouacs, except a few who were in an old disused

trench close by, only a couple of them were hit. The officers

were rudely awakened by large splinters entering their tent,and only just missing their heads as they lay on their valises,

while the sergeants had a most miraculous escape. They hadformed a Mess in a bay of the trench, the sides supportedand heightened by some of the Q.M.S. s stores, and coveredon top by a large tarpaulin. A shell dropped practically on

E



66 Cambrai.

top of them, fortunately detonating instantly against several

boxes of iron rations, which undoubtedly contributed to savingtheir lives. An officer arrived on the scene immediately

afterwards, and found them all lying unconscious as ihe result

of the explosion, but they soon revived and took a stout part

in rescuing the horses. The construction was completely

wrecked, and the clothes they wore were stripped into ribbons,

but only one of them had a scratch on him.

No delay was made in attending to the wounded horses,

and in conveying the remainder to a place of safety. Thedrivers were all splendidly cool and collected under the trying

circumstances, but many of the poor beasts were beyondhuman aid, and had to be destroyed.

The scene next morning was a gruesome one, and it wasa most pathetic sight to watch the drivers, with tears runningdown their cheeks, bidding a last farewell to their lost chargesbefore burial, for the men become exceedingly attached to

their four-legged comrades, especially when they have had

charge of them for a considerable time. No time was lost inselecting a new locality, as it was considered wise to get out

of the salient altogether, and thus avoid the risk of incurringfurther unnecessary casualties

;so the wagon lines were re

moved to the vicinily of Ruyaulcourt.A spell of hard frost set in, with an occasional fall of

snow, which added to our difficulties as well as to our dis

comforts, for it must be remembered that both battery positionand wagon line were occupied at a moment s notice, and notime could be spent in making any preparations beforehandfor our reception. Affairs were now settling down for the

winter, and nothing unusual was taking place beyond a gooddeal of artillery artivity on both sides, consequently we were

only awaiting orders to withdraw from the line. These came

through in a few days time, and the Brigade pulled out in

the middle of December to the ruined village of Beaulencourt,situated south east of Bapaume. On the following day a long

march was undertaken, and we proceeded by way of Achiet-le-Grand, Ayette, and Beaumetz to the village of Montennescourt,due west of Arras, a distance of 25 miles.

It says much for the battery that it accomplished this longtrail with no less than 43 horses below establishment, andwithout any outside assistance, in spite of the heaviness of the



Cambrai. 67

roads. The guns were pulled by six-horse teams, and thevehicles and other baggage wagons by four-horse teams, madeup by requisitioning all the available outriders, yet none of

the horses suffered to any great extent from the extra strain

imposed on them.

It was with feelings of great gratification that we learnt

that at last we were going to have our long-delayed rest, andthat it would fall to our lot to spend the coming Christmas-

tide and New Year season in more congenial surroundingsthan had been the case in the two previous years. All were

prepared to enjoy themselves on this occasion, as it was felt,

on reviewing the past six months, during which time we hadbeen fighting incessantly in

"pukka" battles, in which we had

acquitted ourselves not badly, that we had thoroughly earneda week or two of complete rest and quiet.



CHAPTER IX.

At Arras.

||HEnext

fortnightwas

spentunder most

happyconditions,

and all ranks hj-,d an enjoyable time. As Christmas

approached, active preparations were made to excel any

thing we had ever had before in the way of festivities, and this

was possible now that we were out of action. Quarter-Master-

Sergeants, puffed out with importance, were to be seen struttinghither and thither, returning with mysterious sacks and parcels,

presumably filled with good cheer.

Plucked geese and turkeys appeared in large numbers,

suspended from the ceilings of billets, and several large barrelsarrived on the scene, and were duly placed under lock and keyin the canteen, awaiting the auspicious day. Much competitiontook place between batteries for the possession of the only twolive pigs in the village, which eventually went to the highestbidders, while the remainder procured their joints in the form of

pork from Doullens. One of the batteries meanwhile grew so

attached to its prospective Christmas fare that it was almost

decided to spare his life and adopt him as a mascot. His fate

was sealed, however, when one day it was discovered that he had

disposed of several parcels of food which had, inadvertently, been

placed within his reach by some of the men.Concerts were arranged, and the village school- room was

kindly lent and artistically decorated for these occasions. Theweather was all that could be desired now that we were safely

lodged in billets, and it was a typical old-fashioned yule-tide,with a plentiful fall of snow followed by hard frost. The little

village was in a sheltered hollow, and a small rivulet passedthrough it on its way down the valley, while the scenery mighthave been that surrounding any hamlet in the south of England.

An open air service was conducted by the Padre, for the

Brigade, on Xmas morning, and the rest of the day was givenover to sports and concerts, and the climax of enjoyment was



At Arras. 69

reached at night when the men partook of their dinner.

Gramaphones were well to the fore, but all kinds of musicalinstruments took part in the gaiety which followed.

A certain amount of latitude was given the men for a few daysafter, in order that they might recover from the orgy, for indeed

they had never had such a gorge since their arrival in France.All were in excellent spirits, and these were by no meansdiminished when it became known that our next area was in

front of Arras. It wasrecognised

to be an enviablepart

of the

line to be situated in, especially during the winter months. It

was also a locality with which we had not as yet made acquaintance, and it was always interesting to visit a new portion of the

front, as we disliked being too long in the same surroundingswithout a change of scene.

The day following New Year, the Division entered on its

period of duty in the sector north of Monchy to the vicinity of

Gavrelle, with the heights of Vimy, which had fallen into our

hands in the previous spring on its left.

The battery position was reached by following the Arras-

Plouvain road along the valley of the river Scarpe, and we took

over from a Scottish Division. The enemy lines were everywhere overlooked, consequently he wisely refrained from showingmuch activity.

A magnificent view was obtained from the rear O.P. on the

heights facing Vitry, and, on a clear day, Douai was plainlyvisible and even the country far beyond it.

Our front line ran along at the bottom of the slope, havingthe ruined piles of Roeux, which was the scene of such furious

fighting in the latter stages of Arras battle, immediately in its

rear. Half right, to the south of the river Scarpe, what remainedof the village of Monchy stood out like a sentinel on the topof the hill. This point afforded a splendid view in all directions

and was the veritable keystone of the whole position. Fourof our pieces were placed in a quarry, a few yards off the road

leading through Fampoux, on its western extremity, while theother two guns were moved forward, east of the same village,

behind a bank, and carefully camouflaged. As this sector was

extraordinarily quiet and there was not sufficient work to keepeveryone occupied, the Battery Commander decided to commenceconstruction and endeavour to make our position a model one.

Two pits, which were already in existence, were pulled down and



70 At Arras.

rebuilt, and two. others were constructed alongside, and all of

them were placed just as near the front bank of the quarry as

would permit of the guns clearing the crest. The whole positionwas completely camouflaged, as, it will be readily understood,a quarry made a conspicuous target for the enemy at any time,and if he suspected the presence of a battery therein, there wouldhave been little peace or quiet for us. However, as things turned

out, we had evidently made a good job of our work, and to our

surprise, not a single shell dropped in the quarry during our

period of occupation.Walls were white-washed and ammunition and charge shelves

elaborately painted, the platforms were neatly tiled or brickedwith material taken from the surrounding ruins, and all mannerof "eye

wash" was employed in making the pits look well.

A communication trench was dug from one extremity to the

other, rivetted and duck-boarded throughout, and led to the

men s quarters. These when completed were palatial, and putin the shade any headquarter unit in the line.

The near side of the quarry, which consisted of chalk, waseasily and rapidly mined, and, in the course of three weeks,the men had comfortable quarters. Beds made of wire nettingstretched on wooden frames, a spacious dining hall, telephonepit, cook house, and they even possessed a moderate sized

bath room, which was highly valued and put to great use. Theofficers quarters were no less sumptuously fitted out. Eachhad Bleeping accommodation, in cellars of the ruined houses,

running alongthe

mainstreet

close to the quarry, nicelylined with wood and canvas to keep the damp out, while theMess itself was a work of art.

The latter was built entirely by the officers and their batmen,under the personal supervision of our energetic B.C.

The floors, walls and roof of the cellar were lined with threeinch timber, and one day a subaltern, who had been out exploring,came back triumphant, bearing in his arms a huge roll of wall

paper found buried under some rubbish, at a spot which probablydenoted the one time existence of a decorator s shop. TheMess was therefore duly papered, with frieze complete, and withthe addition of easy chairs, book shelves, a stove and gramaphone,there was nothing left to wish for, and the place was most cosyand snug. The entrance, too, was the admiration of everybody,nicely tiled and decorated with fancy carvings from the utterly



At Arras. 71

destroyed church. Iron girders, beams, and countless bricks tothe height of several feet rested on top of our home. It is notto be wondered at, then, that this model position was frequentlyvisited by high personages, brought hither by our Brigade-Commander or C.R.A., who appeared almost as proud of the

place as we were ourselves. Moreover, as we were in suchclose proximity to the road leading up to the front line, it was

only natural that officers should drop in to this half way houseand rest and

regalethemselves before

resumingtheir

journey,so before long our Mess was known as" The Pub "

throughout theDivision.

The forward position was treated in the same fashion, andnever before had both officers and men had such comfortable

quarters. Thus we settled down to a life of ease, such as wehad not known since the Laventie days of two winters ago, and

proceeded to thoroughly enjoy ourselves.

Frequent trips were made into Arras, either on horseback or

by river, for there was a steamboat service, running daily onthe Scarpe, which landed one close to the Officers Club, a

large wooden erection similar to a Y.M.C.A. hut, run by the

Expeditionary Force Canteen.The town had not been irreparably destroyed, and in most

parts the inhabitants had returned, and were carrying on their

usual routine, while many shops were re-opened and doing goodbusiness. The Cathedral was badly damaged, as well as other

prominent buildings, but, on the whole, the town had escapedwonderfully considering how close the emeny had been to it

for so long. Now, of course, the enemy was over six miles away,and the city could not be reached by any other than his high

velocity guns, and they seldom troubled to shell the place, andwhen they did so, from time to time, the fire was chiefly directed

on the railway station and sidings in the vicinity.

An equally peaceful time fell to the lot of those who wereat the wagon lines. They were situated just off the main

Arras-Souchez road, within easy reach of the former place.Accommodation for Officers and men was provided by Nissen

huts, containing stoves, while the horses had good covered-in

standings, with mud walls surrounding them for protection

against bombing raids.

The transport of ammunition to the guns was easily conducted,as excellent roads ran the whole way, and every care was taken



72 At Arras.

to keep the horses up to condition. The frost did not continueand in the early months of the year the weather was wonderfully

bright and mild, and many a good gallop could be had in the

neighbourhood, as there was a fine stretch of open ground close

to the wagon line.

The horses undoubtedly had a better time than it is usually

possible to give them during the winter months. The war horse

is an extraordinarily intelligent animal and appreciates anythingdone for him in the

wayof comfort. He also becomes very cute

and cunning, and always knows the routine of the day, andcan tell his time of feeding almost to the minute, and, if allowed,would go by himself automatically to the water troughs andreturn to his own particular standing in the stable.

One horse familiarly known by the name of "

Shrapnel,"

owing to several wounds of that kind which refused to close up,and completely heal, knew at once when he was "warned "for

the line. Now, he disliked going out at nights, and consequently

was in the habit of "scrimp-shanking," and proceeded forthwith to

go lame. At first he managed to fool everybody, but on close

investigation it was discovered that nothing at all was the matter

with him.

Another fine beast, which at one time must have been ill-

treated, when he came to us had a bad rope gall on his near hind,and was extremely nervous at being touched. After hours of

coaxing he allowed his section officer and driver to handle him,and, at length, showed great affection to them both, but woebetide any other member of the battery, who attempted to gonear him, back went his ears and out went his feet at once !

About the middle of February, a feeling of uneasiness evidentlyentered the minds of those in authority. It was known that

the enemy was transferring large numbers of troops, which hadbeen released by the collapse of Russia, to the Western front.

Consequently every unit got busy at once, the Infantry dug newtrench systems in rear of their existing ones, constructed strong

points, and mile upon mile of barbed wire was laid down.The gunners prepared new battle and reinforcing positions,in case a retiral should be necessary, and filled them with

ammunition against all eventualities.

In a little more than a month everything was completed, and

during the third week of March, the troops were warned of an

impending great enemy offensive, and became fully on the alert.



CHAPTER X.

March the 2ist.

|HE morning of the 2oth broke calm and the enemy did

nothing to indicate that anything out of the ordinarywas about to take place, but this did not deceive us,

as it was known to our Command that the blow was goingto fall on the following morning. Silence reigned supreme,except for the ordinary harassing artillery fire, up till midnight,but shortly afterwards the German guns opened out their

annihilating fire, and drenched our forward system and battery

positions with a severe gas bombardment.In this area the majority of batteries had, at the last moment,

taken the precaution to change their positions, as these wereknown to the enemy, and thus avoided being entirely demolished

by the heavy concentration which poured all manner of shell

into those they had lately vacated.

At dawn, which, unfortunately for us, broke in a thick mist,after a sustained bombardment of some four to five hours

duration, theenemy

launched hisgigantic

attack over an area

of fifty miles, from Guenappe, immediately below Monchy in the

North, to the neighbourhood of La Fere in the south. Undercover of the mist, he congregated large numbers of field guns,which were able to accompany and closely support the attacking

waves, while at some places he employed his new Tanks. These,

however, though rendering some assistance to him, by no meanscame up to expectations, and were ponderous and clumsy, in spiteof the fact that he had previously captured several of ours from

which to copy, but they proved to be far behind ours, both inconstruction and usefulness.

A "Chinese barrage" was put down by the enemy on our

sector, but no attack developed. The same evening the Division

was hurriedly withdrawn from the line, and heading in a southern

direction arrived in the neighbourhood of Tilloy and preparedfor instant action.



74 March the 2ist.

Inspite

ofthe favourable conditions, our

foesmade

little or

no ground, throughout the day, on the whole of the Army front,

and were held in our forefield. Further south, much the same

thing happened, although they penetrated further in some places,but nowhere had they broken through, so the news on the

whole was good and reassuring.The German attack was renewed on the following day, and

still the Northern Army remained firm, but they succeeded in

effecting a serious breech in the Army to the south, where the

British had lately taken over from our French allies. So swift

was the enemy s progress at this point that our troops on either

side of this bulge soon became endangered, and a general retire

ment was immediately necessary in order to keep the line straight.

This applied to the Northern Army also, but not to anythinglike the same extent. The Division again moved south, andtook up positions behind the Henin Ridge, between the villageof that name and St. Leger, for the purpose of covering the

retirement.

The whole line thus became mobile, and, for several days, a

stiff rear-guard action was fought, which resulted in very heavycasualties being inflicted on the enemy. He was by this time

flushed with his success further south, and attempted to advanceas if he were already the conqueror, which led to his own undoing,as virtually he was only permitted to gain ground at our timeand will. It cannot be denied, however, that the days wereanxious ones and the infantry were kept very heavily engaged

and became much exhausted. However, they made the mostof their opportunities, and had hitherto rarely found such readytargets, and their machine guns effected great execution on the

enemy ranks as the men came along laden with full packs.A story is told, and is believed to be true, of one machine gunnerthat, in the course of his morning s work, he slaughtered over

200 German s single handed with his weapon, after which hebecame a raving lunatic and had to be forceably removed.

The infantry, too, admitted that they were getting tired of

killing Boches, and the casualties inflicted on our men were a

mere nothing as compared with those suffered by our foes.

The gunners were equally busy dropping into action here andthere and falling back as the circumstances required, until at

the end of a week, the line became more or less stationary.



March the 2ist 75

The front line now ran through Mercatel, Boisleux and Moyenne-ville and thence, in a south westerly direction, towards Serre.

Thus the Germans were again almost back on the line they hadheld, prior to the big retreat on the Hindenburg line in the springof 1917.

It seemed a great pity to vacate the Henin Ridge, for the

opposing sides found themselves facing each other in a hollow,with rising ground on either side, which made battery positionsdifficult to conceal. So

manydisused

trenches,which had

previously formed part of the old German line system, helped to

shelter us, to a great extent, for we were at this point nearly twomiles east of the permanent line of a year ago.

Everyone feverishly sat about digging and constructing newtrenches, and an enormous amount of work was accomplished in

a comparatively short space of time, for it was felt that the

enemy had by no means expended all his strength, and would

endeavour, in the near future, to resume active operations.

There could be no doubt that he would be dissatisfied to remainwhere he was, especially as, so far, he had little to shew onthis particular part of the front for his gigantic effort and hugeloss of men.

It was no surprise therefore when, at the beginning of the

second week in April, after a short sharp bombardment, the

enemy made a strong attack from Monchy, north to the VimyRidge, with the object of seizing Arras and the heights before

mentioned. The result was a costly failure, as he was everywhereheld up in our forefield system, and the British Divisions opposedto him had the time of their lives. We were very interested

to hear about this battle, as, of course, it was fought over the

sector in which we had lately spent a number of happy monthsand where we had done such an amount of work. It was distinctly

gratifying, too, when a wire was received from the Division whotook over from us thanking our Division for the wonderful

defensive construction made by us. It was due to that work

that they were enabled to bring the enemy so quickly to anabrupt standstill.

They had seemingly experienced a veritable field day and

thoroughly enjoyed themselves on that occasion.

After this unsuccessful effort, the enemy evidently gave upthe attempt to gain possession of Arras and Vimy by a frontal

attack and turned his thoughts elsewhere



76 March the 2ist

Unfortunately, however, in the courseof these

operations,Monchy had to be evacuated by the British, which enabled the

Boche to gain observation on the city which, thereafter, camein for a good amount of shelling, and again the inhabitants were

forced must against their will to leave the stricken place.

All manner of heavy shell fell in the town, and the damagecaused was considerable, and it was no longer the haven of rest

for the troops which it had been a few months previously.Our wagon lines, meanwhile, had not escaped undamaged,and were forced to change positions on several occasions until,

at last, comfortable quarters were obtained in the little village

of Bretencourt, where the houses still had roofs covering

them, as the hamlet was just outside the devastated area.

When affairs settled down once more, the battery positionswere gradually advanced, and we dug a new position east of

Ficheux, where the guns were meanwhile situated.

A forward section was established ahead in the railway cuttingof the Arras-Albert line, and we

subjectedthe

enemyto as

much unpleasantness as it lay in our power to devise.

We were not, however, any length of time in this sector, andwere removed to the adjoining one immediately to the south.

The line required rectifying in several places, and in a brilliant

minor operation, the village of Ayette was carried and remained

firmly in our hands.

Our new position was situated on the high ground to the

north of Adinfer Wood, immediately behind the village of the

same name, but the neighbourhood was much more peacefulthan that which we had recently quitted, as everywhere we hadobservation over the enemy, and naturally he never created trouble

under such circumstances.

The wagon lines were again moved, this time much further

behind, to the small village of Gaudiempre, where one mighthave imagined one was completely out of the war area, it

appeared so quiet.The place was intact and all were ensconced m snug little

billets, while the horses were well off also, as opportunities for

grazing were afforded round about the neighbourhood.Then the enemy s second great offensive opened on the Lys,

and all eyes were turned in that direction, but everyone held

the opinion that, sooner or later, he would be brought to a

standstill, which proved to be the case.



March the 2ist. 77

In fact,throughout

the whole of thistrying period,

the

confidence among all ranks was extraordinary. No one hadthe feeling that we were going down and under, and it wouldhave done the pessimists at home a world of good to have

caught a glimpse of conditions out in France and of the cheery

optimism that prevailed there. There was even disappointment,in some quarters, that the enemy had not attempted to attack

us on this front, but he evidently thought discretion was the

better part of valour, for the defences were, by this time, very

strong, and it would have been strange if he had managed to

penetrate to any depth.About the middle of May, it was the will of those in authority

to rest the Division a while, and although we were not in any

urgent need of a rest, we were not disinclined for it, as the

season of the year was favourable, and we pictured all mannerof good times in store.

The Brigade, therefore, withdrew to the wagon lines, marchedthe following day to Humbercourt, the village appointed for our

resting place.



CHAPTER XI.

The Turn of the Tide.

invariably happened, when the Brigade came out fora period of rest, that expections of a real holiday were

never fully realized, and although the time passed

pleasantly enough and we were favoured with fine weather,all ranks were kept pretty busy. Many tactical schemes were

practised, and we had always to hold ourselves in readiness

to render assistance, at short notice, to the troops who were in

the line, for our Command was taking no risks and had not

entirely given up the possibility of a hostile attack on this area.

It must be admitted, however, that in the end everybodyenjoyed rehearsing these schemes, and we would have been well

acquainted with our duties had the emergency arisen. Ourresentment, also-, at being called upon to partake of violent

exercise so early in the morning, completely disappeared after a

while, the country looked so beautiful at dawn, and we usuallyreturned in time for breakfast, with well-whetted appetites, after

some three or four hours in the saddle.

Unfortunately,at this

time,the

scourge knownas "Flanders

Grippe," which had been prevalent throughout the Army,developed in our Brigade. For a considerable time this epidemicparalysed us, more or less, as about half our number wasdown with the disease at the same time. Although it passesafter taking its three days course, one is left very weak and groggyfor some time, and several of the men were very seriously ill.

Inevitable inspections by Corps Commanders and minorofficials passed off without incident, but, of course, much labour

and"

eye-wash"

was expended as is a ways the case on theseoccasions. The Divisional Horse Show, held towards the endof our rest, was undoubtedly the principal diversion of our time

out, as each unit naturally did its utmost to outshine all others.

The battery entered a gun team complete, consisting of six

dapple-grey horses, and we succeeded in securing the second



The Turn of the Tide. 79

prize in the gunner s Derby, Curiously enough, the winners, oursister howitzer battery, won with five, out of six horses whichhad been shown, over two years previously at Zeggers Capelle, in

Flanders, and who then carried off second prize in the competition with a team of blacks. H.R. H. The Duke of Connaughtafterwards inspected the prize-winners, and evinced much interest

on being told that ours was a complete battery of grey horses.

Paris leave opened for both officers and men as a consolation

for home furlough being stopped, and many availed themselvesof the

opportunity of having afew

days enjoymentin

the

"

GayCity."

In ihe first days of June the Division returned to the, line and

occupied the sector we had aready been in prior to moving to

Adinfer. The area had become very quiet with one or two

exceptions, and the enemy did not subject our infantry to muchshelling, and contented himself with occasionally annoying themwith trench mortars. But if, at any time, he discovered the

location of a battery position, that unit had a most unhappy time.

Four of our guns were placed in the railway cutting, where wehad previously had a forward section, and the remainder were

again detached some distance away. Mine shafts, which were

already in existence, were enlarged and the men had plenty cover

on top of them.

Some little time afterwards certain indications pointed to the

fact that the enemy contemplated business once more on this

front, and as our guns were situated awkwardly where it would be

impossibleto withdraw them

quickly,we were directed to

construct a new position further behind. The work proceededbriskly, and, when completed, four of the pieces were withdrawnand placed there, the other two remaining in the railway embankment. The main position was a long way back, and the gunscould only just reach the enemy support trenches, consequentlythey were only to be fired in case of a general S.O.S., and all

the shoots were accomplished by the forward section. Muchtime was spent in making our new quarters shipshape, and

the ground was well suited for mining, as it consisted principallyof chalk, and eventually all ranks were comfortably installed in

spacious underground quarters, although, at the moment, theywere quite unnecessary, and many lay out in the open duringthe warm summer nights. The principal thing to do now wasto make sure that the officers and men did not stagnate for



8o The Turn of the Tide.

lack of occupation and to find means to keep them hard and

fit. Physical exercises were indulged in during the morning, andsports of all kinds were organised, both at the battery positionsand at the wagon lines the latter having taken up their quartersat the village of Baillemont.

A modified kind of base-ball, introduced by an energetic andenthusiatic Canadian subaltern, became very popular with the

men, while the corps ran a polo-club of sorts for the officers.

A fairly level patch of ground was selected which possessed a

certain amount of grass, and the numerous shell holes were filled

in and levelled off by fatigue parties, with the result that it

became moderately good. The polo ponies, however, left

something to be desired, and it was no uncommon sight to see

a young officer appear mounted on a stalwart wheeler, the best

he could do for himself from among the horses in his section.

Possibly the explanation was that he had found a horse whichhe could suitably "rein in"

Meanwhile the enemy s third big offensive had come and gone

and the British Commander-in-Chief s famous"

back to the wall

"

order of the day to his armies. Still we waited, but nothing unsual

happened ; then in the middle of July the French were heavily

attacked, and once more the clouds appeared on the horizon.

There was great enthusiasm when it became known that ourAllies had counter-attacked, and were driving the enemy out

of the Marne pocket, and when the daily bulletins arrived there

was always a scramble among the men to read them. Thenthe British stroke fell south of the river Somme at Villers

Brettonneux, and excellent news, as to our progress, came through,which raised everyone s hopes to a high degree. Our artillery fire

was increased daily, and affairs became more lively, while flyingwas in full swing and continued night and day. Both sides paidmuch attention to bombing, and our Airmen freely besprinkled

enemy territory with their bombs by day, whereas the foe

rarely attempted raids over our lines during daylight. However,after dusk, the air was filled with the planes, as the weather was

particularly favourable,and the hum of the machines

comingand going was incessant throughout the whole night. At times

one could scarcely get any sleep for the continual drone they

made, like the hum of gigantic bees around their hives. Onething certain was that we had almost complete control of the

air and both out-numbered and out-witted the enemy to a



The Turn of the Tide. 81

marked extent. It was most unpleasant to hear the noise of the

hostile planes drawing nearer, for one could not mistake thebeat made by the German machines. The amount of bombingexperienced by us was quite bad enough in all truth, but weused to smile when contemplating what our foes must be sufferingat the hands of our Airmen, as truly it was ten times worse.

During this period the two counter offensives were progressing

favourably in the south, and we suspected that something wouldbe doing on our front before long, as the din of battle was

creeping further north. It came as no surprise, therefore, whenserious fighting commenced north of the Somme, and the enemyretreated from Serre and later withdrew in error from Ablain-zevelle. As soon as he discovered his mistake he attempted to

retake it, but, by that time, our men were firmly lodged there

and could not be shifted from the village.In the middle of August, to everyone s satisfaction, it became

known that we were to be up and doing at no distant date, and

preparations were immediately and silently set on foot. Throughout each night a continual stream of teams and wagons conveyedthousands of rounds of ammunition up the line to battery

positions, and fresh dumps were placed in forward localities.

New battle positions were constructed in advanced positions andstocked with shells, and we only awaited the order to occupythem. Instructions were issued to wagon lines that all surpluskit and stores were to be left behind, as a strenuous time was in

store for us, and all ranks responded with a will to the hard work

these preparations necessitated. Drivers were elated at the prospectof a change from their humdrum existence, and their enthusiasmknew no bounds. New reinforcing batteries appeared like

mushrooms during the night, and lay safely ensconced in their

appointed places in readiness for the coming fray, while the

neighbourhood behind the lines bristled with activity and also

with new arrivals. We believed that probably these preparationswere being made in order to take the Henin Ridge in front, andno one imagined that the coming operations would consist of

more than a local attack with a limited objective, as little or noinformation had been given to anyone. It is true that rumourswere abroad, that our opponents were preparing to withdraw

during the coming winter to their defences in the HindenburgLine, which meant that we would be left most uncomfortablysituated in the wilderness throughout that season. Little did we

F



< HAl TKK XII.

Through the Hindenburg Line.

H|KFORE the serious work ahead of us could be undertaken,it was necessary to shear off an awkward little bulgein the enemy s line, which included the ruined hamlet

of Moyenneville. The corps on our right were to take partin an assualt two days previous to the commencement of ourown advance, so it was considered expedient to accomplish theabove task at the same time. Consequently, during the bigattack, delivered in the south on the 2ist of August, which

brought ourtroops

level with the Arras-Albertrailway line,our small side-show passed off successfully almost unnoticed.

Desperate fighting had also taken place in the neighbourhoodof Morlancourt, just north of the river Somme, in which the

enemy troops had been driven back after stubborn resistance.

They thereupon evacuated the town of Albert, as the place was

getting too hot for them, and retired on positions to the east of it.

Our guns were now moved into their battle positions, and onthe eve of the attack everything was ready and in order. For

once in a way the weather was favourable, and this augured wellfor the speedy advancement of the guns, which was essential for

the success of the operations.At dawn, therefore, on the 23rd inst., without any preliminary

bombardment, but, preceded by a dense creeping barrage and

supported by innumerable tanks, the infantry set out on their

long journey. The men swept on, capturing the villages of

Boyelles and Hamelincourt at an early hour, without meetingmuch opposition or suffering undue casualties. The day wentwell throughout and all objectives were taken, and by nightfall,the vast machinery in the rear commenced to move slowlyforward. Batteries were advanced and supplied with ammunition,

by their echelons, ready for the next bout, and wagon lines

occupied the positions only just vacated by the guns. Theattack was continued on the following morning, which necessitated



84 Through the Hindenburg Line.

the moving up of the guns once more, and the same thingcontinued day after day. The enemy was slowly and relentlessly

pressed back without a pause or breathing space, and once this

gigantic force was set in motion it was exceedingly difficult to

stop it, as our opponents were soon to find out to their cost.

As the fight proceeded, our comrades on the left joined in,

and gradually the battle spread further north, assuming hugedimensions, until it reached the river Scarpe. The enemy was

caught napping before Monchy, and the Dominion forces in

one bound everywhere overwhelmed their opponents, not onlycapturing the village but gaining ground to the extent of two

miles beyond it. By this time, Croisilles and St. Leger hadfallen into our hands, but the enemy made a most determinedstand in front of Ecoust, and a very stiff tussle took place for

several days before we eventually gained possession of it.

Some extraordinary incidents took place during the course

of these operations. The long-hoped for open warfare was

upon us at last, and the gunners dream of galloping into action

and firing with open sights at close range was an accomplishedfact almost before we were aware of it. On one occasion, the

whole Brigade, immediately at the close of executing a creeping

barrage, limbered up, and topping the crest in front came face

to face with the enemy, and dropped into action alongside our

advancing infantry. The enemy machine gunners were lined

up on a ridge some four hundred yards away, but on seeingus they decamped with all speed, probably believing us to bea

regimentof

cavalry. At any rate,if

theyhad stood their

groundand manned their guns, they would have assuredly wiped us

off the face of the map almost before we could have openedfire on them. At the end of another day s work, our battery

position was scarcely two hundred yards behind our front line,

where the infantry had installed themselves.

The wagon lines were now well over late enemy territory,on the ground where his batteries had been situated, and the

mess was almost beyond description. In some cases his

positions were entirely obliterated, which spoke volumes for the

accuracy of the fire of our heavies, directed by our gallant

airmen, and if it had not been for the quantities of ammunitionand dead horses littered around, it would have been impossibleto have known that positions ever existed there. Mine shafts

had been entirely closed up by the explosion of the great



Through the Hindenburg Line. 85

shells, and a conglomeration of huge craters marked their

locality. There was no rest for anyone these days, and no menwere called upon to perform more strenuous work than our little

drivers, whose untiring and never failing energy was worthy ofthe highest praise and admiration : not only had they to carefor their pair of horses, but were incessantly on the go twixt

gun positions, dumps, and wagon lines under the most tryingand difficult circumstances, and, at the same time, the latter

were changing positions frequently. However, they never faltered

or grumbled, and had always a cheery smile on their faces,

even when they returned in the middle of the night dead beat.

For days on end it was impossible to get out of one s clothes,and sleep was almost an unknown quantity ; however, whatdid it matter as long as we continued to advance, and in spiteof everything this was a long way better than the monotonousroutine of trench warfare. Everybody looked upon it in this

light, and the excitement and never ending novelty of the

experiences under which we were living, carried us on throughthick and thin.

The corps on our left, meanwhile, had by a superhumaneffort penetrated the great Drocourt-Queant switch of the

Hindenburg line, and firmly maintained their grip on the groundto the east of it, and all counter attacks made by the enemy,to dislodge them, proved unavailing. The troops to the south

had also effected good progress, and the ill-fated town of

Bapaume had again changed hands and passed for the last

time into the keeping of the Allies. Thus it came about that

the enemy troops, in spite of their very determined resistance

in the neighbourhood of Ecoust and Mory, found themselvesin a most perilous position, as the Dominion forces were nowwell in their rear, and were carrying out a turning movementfrom a northerly direction. Therefore, they were forced to do

something, without further delay, which resulted in a swift

retirement on to the Hindenburg line some six miles to the

rear.

It was a most interesting and instructive chase, and the enemyretreated so fast that it was with the greatest difficulty that

we could keep up and maintain contact with him. The batteryhad reluctantly to abandon a captured German field gun whichhad been doing valiant work as the seventh gun for several

days against its late owners, for we had neither time or the



86 Through the Hindenburg Line.

means to convey surplus equipment along with us. It was the

kind of day that one reads about in"

Field Artillery Training"

or even endeavours to imitate while manoeuvring out in rest,

but for the first time we were doing it in reality. The battery

dropped into action on innumerable occasions during the course

of the day, and had only time to fire a few rounds before

the enemy had decamped out of range. Then we would limber

up with all speed, the teams waiting the orthodox two hundred

yards in rear and to the flank, and gallop forward and take up

a new position right out in the open, and help the enemy onhis way with a few reminders that we were up and after him,and that he would do well to hurry.

By evening our foes had snugly entrenched themselvesbehind the great Hindenburg barrier, and we again cameface to face with this formidable obstacle. .The line had,

meanwhile, been kept in an excellent state of preservation, andit was quite out of the question to make a frontal attack onit without first cutting the belts of broad wire and treatingthe emplacements to a prolonged bombardment. Anotherformidable hindrance in our way and placed between us, moreover,was the famous Canal Du Nord, which was entirely dry in most

places. It was a considerable breadth across, and could obviouslynot be bridged as long as the enemy kept watch over it fromthe opposite side, and it varied from forty to seventy feet in

depth. Thus, for the time being, the line settled down stationaryuntil this task could be accomplished, for it was not the intention

of our Command that we should sit down for the winter beforethis great fortress, as our enemies wished and expected us to do.

Our opponents were too busily engaged removing their

heavy pieces of Artillery back to a place of safety to subjectus to a great amount of annoyance, and, as the weather remained

good, the work of bringing our heavies up was accomplishedquickly and effectively. The battery took up a position in ourformer front line facing Bourlon Wood, with the ruined villageof Mouevres immediately ahead, while the forward section was

placed in part of the Hindenburg line itself, south-east ofPronville. Wire cutting was undertaken and carried out by all field

batteries, and the heavies pounded enemy emplacements andcommunication trenches in the rear.

Bombing by aircraft became intensive on both sides, andthe enemy adopted new tactics by coming over after dark,



Through the Hindenburg Line. 87

and,waiting

for thegun

flashes,proceeded

todrop

bombs onthe batteries. A fine spectacle was witnessed two nights in

succession in the form of a super-Gotha bombing machine

brought down in flames. Our small fighting planes were in the

habit of flying at a high altitude, keeping watch over our lines

and lying in wait for these monsters. As soon as one of themwas picked out in the rays of a searchlight, others wouldconcentrate at once on it, whereupon the archies immediately

opened fire. Then far above a light would twinkle out several

times, which was a sign for the anti-aircraft batteries to ceasefire. Everything remained still for a while, the searchlights

always focused on their prey, which endeavoured to dodge out

of the brilliant light, but in vain, owing to its unwieldiness.

Then suddenly from out of the darkness a little object shot

alongside the giant plane and spat tracer bullets into it,

whereupon it instantly caught fire, and slowly heeling over

commenced its downward journey to destruction.

Fierce fighting continued to the south, and by a series of

brilliant operations our troops had everywhere come in contact

with the Hindeuburg Line, and commenced pounding its

defences for the further advance. At the beginning of the

fourth week in September preparations were almost completefor the coming assault, which would require all the energy andfortitude we could display. The Division was side-slippeddown to the neighbourhood of Havrincourt, as it was familiar

ground to us, after our experiences in November and December

of the previous year. The policy at this juncture was, as faras it could be carried out, to place Divisions in localities with

which they had already become acquainted. Our battle positionwas situated on the outskirts of the small hamlet of Demicourt,and we were to cross the canal a few hours after zero by means of

a, ramp already prepared and carefully camouflaged at a pointwhere it passed through our lines. If all went according to

expectations we were to follow a line due east, and, passing to

the north of Havrincourt, take up a position, already knownto us, on the railway cutting south of Flesquieres, although as

yet it was in enemy possession.The great battle opened on the morning of the ayth inst.,

under excellent conditions, and it is now known to everyonehow the crossing of the canal was effected by means of scaling

ladders, and, in some instances, by the use of life-belts.

3 years in france with the Guns

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