3. Windows and Window Treatments (2011-12)

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WINDOWS AND WINDOWTREATMENTS



Window is an important architectural anddecorative element in a room.Its placement and design (fenestration)can be either symmetrical orasymmetrical.

Windows are essential in a house forletting air and light into the home.Windows also perform another major

function of allowing for the indoor-outdoor relationship.



Functions of the window

to admit light/ to help light the room

to provide ventilation/ to let in a little freshair/ to let out smoke to escape

to enhance visual communication withnature

to permit peephole glimpses of what isgoing on outside.



Window terminology

• The casing is that part of the window fitting intothe wall. The frame is the wide molding coveringthe casing and framing the glass. The sash

refers to the part that holds the glass. Mullions are the horizontal bars separating the glasspanes. Mutins are the vertical bars separatingthe glass panes. The sill is the narrow shelf at

the bottom of the frame. The apron is the part ofthe frame beneath the sill.



Window terminology / Parts

• The casing is that part of the

window fitting into the wall.• The frame is the wide molding

covering the casing andframing the glass.

• The sash refers to the part that

holds the glass.• Mullions are the horizontalbars separating the glasspanes.

• Mutins are the vertical bardsseparating the glass panes.

The sill is the narrow shelf atthe bottom of the frame.

• The apron is the part of theframe beneath the sill.

http://www.ehow.com/video_2328568_basic-parts-window.html









TYPE OF WINDOWS

1) Moveable or operable windows

2) Fixed or stationary windows

3) Combination of movable and stationery

windows



Movable or operable windows



Double hung windows

Made up of two sashes thatmay be raised or lowered toprovide 50 percent ventilation.

They are simple andinexpensive. Weatherproofing

is effective; don’t get in way of people or curtains, usuallyvertical in shape.

Disadvantage is that half canbe opened at one time, littleprotection from rain, difficultyto clean from inside.

Inconvenient to operate andmay interfere with view.



Casements

۩ Swing inward or outwardand permit upto 100percent ventilation.

۩ Those that swing outwardpresent no drapingproblem but can create apotential hazard outside.

۩ In-swinging casementsvalance must be hunghigh enough to clear the

window.۩ Side draperies should be

out on the walls or hungon swinging arm rods.



Ranch or strip windows

• Are wide and shallow.They are set farenough above the

floor to allow furnitureto be set against thewall, but they are notceiling high.



Horizontal slidingwindows

• Made up of twosliding panes or a

large stationerycentral pane with asliding pane on eitherside.

• Furniture can beplaced under fixedportion.

• Ventilation is limited.



Awning (or louvered)

• Consist of strips of glass,hinged at the top andopening outward or inward.

• Strips in jalousie are

narrower than with theawning type. Both allow fordraft-free ventilation.

• Awning windows may behinged at top and

occasionally at bottom.• They give precise

ventilation, block rain.

• Disadvantage is that they

collect dust when open.



Jalousie windows

• Are narrow, unframedslats of glass, plastic orwood operated in union,

take little space andprovide excellent andprecise control ofventilation. Many small

panes are difficult toclean and may interfacewith view.



Hopper window

• (bottom hinged,inward swing) mustbe placed low in the

wall for effectiveventilation butinterferes with windowtreatment furniture

and traffic.



Inward swinging top hingedwindows

• must be placed highin wall.



Single – pivoting sashwindows

• are raised forventilation by meansof side mechanisms.

These windows aremost often used asskylights .



Fixed or stationery windows

They are built as an integral part of the wallconstruction plain or non-glare glass may be

used.



Stationery window wall

It is very common feature of contemporaryhomes and may extend from floor

to ceiling or begin a short distance above thefloor. The window wall is expensive requiringdouble or triple glaze for energy conservation



Disadvantages of Stationerywindow wall

• It may not allow enough privacy.

• It may let in excessive light that cancreate a glare and fade furnishings.

• The expanse of a black area at night isuninviting.

• The window wall requires large quantity

of drapery or other treatment. • The arrangement of furniture may be

more difficult.



Sh f Wi d



Shapes of Windows

A l d b i d B b i d i



• Angled bay window is a large projectingwindow that is angled.

• Bay bow window isa smooth sweepingcurve of multi panes



Combination of movable and

stationary windows

Windows comprised of bothmoveable and stationery parts



Picture window

• Is a large stationarycentral section ofeither small panes or

one large pane and adouble-hung windowat either end.



Angle bay

• Can be made up ofthree or morewindows that angle

out of the room.• The central pane may

be stationary and theside ones movable.



Other common windows types



Single window

• may be of standardsize, high and narrow,or a small cutout in

the wall.



Double andmultiple windows

• refer to identical

windows placed sideby side. They may beseparated by a stripof wall or only by theirabutting windowframes.



Corner windows

• consists of two windowsthat meet or almost meetin a corner.



Clerestory window

• may be straight orstanding windows setat the ceiling or highin a wall between two

roof levels. They areusually left bare.

D i d



Dormer windows

• are vertical windows

that project from analcove in the roof,usually filling the entirespace .



Skylight

• May be single or grouppanels of clear ortranslucent glass orplastic, either flat or

domed fixed or movablefor ventilation.

• It can bring adequatedaylight inside the room.Light from above can

expand visual space andcan make sky andgreenery of trees part of aroom.



Arched windows

• Are those in which theupper part of arectangular opening is

topped by an arch.



Beveled Glass Window

A beveled window is a window which is madewith glass that has been beveled, or given an angled edgewhich creates a prism. Since the prism changes the waylight refracts as it passes through the windows, it creates arainbow of colors and splits light into unusual patterns.Beveled windows are installed to add more dynamiclighting to a room. Many people install beveled windows ontheir doors to make their entryways more colorful andinviting.



Beveled Glass Window



Stain Glass Window

• Stained glass is an artform in whichcolored glass is cut into

shapes and placed intoa mosaic to form apicture. The glass isheld in place by metal

strips soldered togetherto give thestained glass strengthand stability.



Window Treatments



• Soft window treatments

Headings, French / pinchpleats, ripple fold, cordfolds, easy pleats, tie backs,trimmings, semisheers orcasements, side draperies,

draw draperies, sashcurtain, café curtains andvalances, cornices,lambrequins, fabric panel

ruffled tie backs, ready-made, drapery lining,

• Hard window treatments:

Venetian blinds, mini-blinds orlouvers, vertical blinds, rollershade, windows quilts orthermal shades, romanshades (flat shirred rooms

ballon, shirred ballon, softpleated roman, according – pleated roman) Austrianshades, woven, split- wood

and bamboo blinds, shutters,screens, grills.



Soft Window Treatment Hard Window Treatment

Need for a curtain



Need for a curtain

Light: The most effective light blocking treatments

are curtains, draperies and shades lined with linings.These lined curtains also block some of the sun’sdestructive rays.

Climate: Tightly woven fabrics from a more compactbarrier than loosely wove ones. Pleated draperies with

deep folds capture more air than sheer curtains.Combination treatments insulate windows and inhibitheat loss.

Privacy: Privacy is important, treatments made ofsheer lace or light weight fabrics let in some light duringthe day while at the same time provides privacy. Formaximum privacy a combination of a hard windowtreatment, such as blinds, pleated shades or shutterswith a soft fabric treatment can also be provided.

Noise control: Window treatment can reduce noisefrom both inside and outside the house.



Curtains:

• Curtains are soft window treatments.• Curtains are often sheered or gathered on outer

rod, making them stationery or hand operable.• Sheered curtains may be formal or informal.

• Generally curtains are made of sheer, semi-sheer and light weight fabrics and hung next toglass.

• They may extend only over a part of the window,

whole of the window or from top of the window tothe floor.



Draperies:

• These are made of heavier fabric.

• These may be used along or over the glass oron some type of curtain.

• Draperies extend at least from the top of thewindow to the sill or may even reach the floor.

• These are pleated fabric panels hung on a rod.They may be opaque or of casement (semi-

opaque) or translucent.• There are many types of pleats used but the

most common being the French or pinch pleat.



Important basic principles for fittingcurtains to the windows

1) It is better to use a large quantity of less expensive material.Generally, curtains should almost always drop to the floor. Buthang them to the sill when the width of the sill is such that thecurtain would not cover it or when there is a window seat.

2) Most curtains will hang better and last a lot longer-if they arelined and interlined.

3) If one specifically want the sheer look of unlined curtains for aparticularly delicate room scheme, it is best to use fabrics,textures that are interesting in themselves – such as coarse

linen, soft printed voile, silk taffeta or embroidered muslin.4) Sheer curtains should always be three times the width of the

window and have a deep hem of not less than 25.4 centimeters(10 inches).



Types of Curtains



Cottage curtains

• Are short lengths,sheered and hunginformal style within orthe windows frame.

• They may be tiered orlayered to slightly overlapone another and mayinclude a ruffled curtain

valance and longer sidepanels under which arecafé curtains.



Café curtains

• Short curtains that covera portion of window(bottom half of thewindow) and were

originally used is Frenchcafé where those seatedby the window couldenjoy privacy.

• These may be shirredpleated, or scallopedpanels



Priscilla curtains

• Are a form of cottagecurtains that fill thewindow with a sheer,semi sheer or mescalinefabric.

• Priscilla have a rufflesewn on the edges andon the tie backs and havea ruffled valance.

• They meet in the middleor cress cross with onepanel in front of others

Country curtains



Country curtains

• Are a take off of themeet at the centerand are gathered upto five times the

fullness with deep,sometimes layeredruffles. These areoften in print.



Sash curtains

• Are sheer or semisheer fabrics sheeredat the top and bottomand installed most

often on casementwindow and Frenchdoors so as to swingwith casing.

• The curtains may notcover the wholewindow.



Tab curtains

curtain with back tab frombelow

• Are flat panels with strapsof fabric sewn to the topand looped over dowelrods.

T b l & T b



• Tab valance & Tabtiers

• Tab curtains uptosill



Glass Curtains

• These are made of sheerfabric in simple straightlines.

• These may be used aloneor with draperies.

• Glass curtains usuallycover the whole windowarea.

• Plain white, translucentmaterial is desirable.

• Net, organdy, voile, laceand similar materials areused for it.

Tie back Curtains



Tie back Curtains

• These are often madeof sheer fabric anddecorated with ruffles.

Panels are droppedaside and tied to theframe or wall withextra pieces of fabric

or special fixtures.



Cress-crossCurtains:

• Wide panels aremounted in such away so that theyoverlap and then tied

back.

Privacy draperies



Privacy draperies

• Are installed under atransparent fabric orseparated tiebacks togive night time

privacy or isolativecontrol sheer drapersincludes transparentor translucent fabrics,often placed next to

the glass andhistorically calledglass curtains.



Side draperies

• Are stationery panelshung to the side ofsheers or an under

treatment for saltinessand framing.



Shirred and double shirred

• Are gathered on the top and on the top andbottom respectively.

• Smocked valances are a variation of double

shirring and tucks in diamond shaped pattern.• Top shirred valances may have shaped or

scalloped bottom.

TOP TREATMENTS OF WINDOWS



TOP TREATMENTS OF WINDOWS

Heading for curtains: These are the top most part in

the form of gathers, pleats or pelmet at the windowand door treatment.

• They help in concealing the rods and fixtures onwhich the curtains are hung especially when they are

unattractive.

• They help to unite two or more window in onesection, preferably when they are scattered evenly or

unevenly on one or more number of walls.• The rods, wires and sliding rails are fixed inside the

cornice and valance so as to give an attractivecoverage to the fixtures and rods.



Valance

• A window valance is a form of windowtreatment that covers the uppermost partof the window and can be hung alone or

paired with window blinds, or curtains. ...

Valance



Valance

• It is a decorative finish at the top of the

window. It may be gathered or pleated.• It is a narrow strip made of different types of

fabric in various designs which is stiffenedwith buckram and is used at the top ofwindow and door treatments.

• The fabric and the design should conform tothe rest of the room setting and the type of

curtains and draperies used in it.• Valances bring style and colour to windows.

They not only conceal the heading but alsolend a decorative finish.



Pl t d l h l diff t f th



• Pleated valance : have several different forms theymay be French or pinch pleats, flat box or invertedbox pleats or variations such as rounded cartridge

pleats, pleat and scallop, pencil pleats or any no ofunconventional pleats.

• Shaped valance: usually have straight tops andscalloped or shaped bottoms although the top mayalso be shaped or curved.

• Quilted valances: may or may not be shaped oftenthese are outline quilted, following a printed orwoven pattern. The quilting may also be done in anall over pattern or emphasize a certain motif.



• Festoon

• Swag

Relaxed box-pleat valance - box pleats without



Relaxed box pleat valance box pleats withoutcreases to provide soft, bell-like fullness, showing

lining.

M h V l f ll l t th b tt j b t



Murphy Valance - fullness only at the bottom, jabotand tails between swags flair at top

B tt fl B ll l b l t i t



Butterfly Balloon valance - box pleats opening atbottom to form "butterflies" and swoops

B ll V l b l t ith th f ll



Balloon Valance - box pleats with smooth, fullswoops



• Chevron Valance - flat valance folded overdecorative rod



• Basic Swag and Jabot



Button-back Valance



• box pleat

• double pinch pleat

• rod pocket



• goblet pleat

• rod pocket

triple pinch pleat



• tie top

tab top

Enfield Valance Flat Soft Cornice Valance

http://www.fabricsandhome.com/valences/v12.htm

http://www.fabricsandhome.com/bedding/b4.htm








Flat Soft Cornice Valance

Fan Topper Open Box Pleated Valance

Angled Topper Avenue Valance




























Angled Topper Avenue Valance

Angled Tier Valance Awning Valance

Bellaire Valance Bridgeport Valance




























Bellaire Valance Bridgeport Valance

Cottage Valance Fairfax Valance

Pole Windsor Valance




























Pole Windsor Valance Raleigh Valance

Salem Valance

Queen Anne Valance





















Savannah Valance Bradley Windsor Valance

Gibson Valance

King Windsor Valance

Hancock Valance Legacy Valance






















Hancock Valance Legacy Valance

Jester Valance

Lancaster Windsor Valance

M Mill V l



















McMillen Valance Murphy Valance

Victory Windsor Valance

G th d V l













Gathered Valance

Sh d V l



Shaped Valance

Q ilt d V l



Quilted Valance

Cornice or Pelmet: A cornice is generallyd f i id i l d h i d



made from rigid materials and then paintedor covered.

S



Swags

C d



Cascade

F t



Festoon

Swags and Jabots -They are decorating terms.Th iddl t f th t i th t d d i



The middle part of the curtain that drapes down ina "u" shape is a swag and the parts hanging on the

sides are jabots.

Cascade - Another term for a festoon or swag, acurved, draped valance or scalloped top treatment.

Festoon - refers to a swag, curved valance orscalloped topper; instead of being hung straightdown from a horizontal rod, it is draped from one

corner to the other; a festoon is generally not usedalone, but as a topper that completes the windowtreatment and gives it a more decorative look.



Type of shades

A strian shade



Austrian shade

Fabric is sewn intosoft horizontalscallops and gatheredvertically. Formal

theaters often useAustrian shades. Inhome and formaloffices they are often

made of sheer orsemi sheer fabricsedged with fringe.

Balloon, pond or cloud shades



• Are billowy at the bottom,forming large poufs or

balloons the top may beshirred flat box pleated.

• A balloon shade is asofter alternative to a

roman shade. It can becombined with a prettyprint in a bedroom, oran elegant silk in moreformal settings. Top it

off with a cordedheader crown for anextra luxurious finish.

Pleated shades



Pleated shades

• Are factory madeproducts of semi sheerpolyester fabric, plain orprinted, that fold up

accordion fashion. Theymay have a metallizedbacking for insulationagainst solar gains andwinter heat loss. Theymay also be opaque.

Flat Roman Shade



Flat Roman Shade

• This shade is flatwhen lowered andlends itself to alarge scale print ordecorative banding.Trim detail on the

hem enhances thefinished look of theshade.

Roman shade



Roman shade

• Are sewn in horizontalfolds that raise and loweraccordion style with adraw cord. They maybe

pleated first to give morefullness to the shade.Roman shades may alsobe interlined with batting,heavy lining and moisturebarriers material to madean energy efficientshades

Hobbled Shade



Hobbled Shade

• A hobbled shade hassoft folds whenlowered. It is mostsuitable for use withstripes and largerandom designs. Astriking alternativetreatment especially

when mounted insidedecorative windowmouldings.

Relaxed Roman Shade



• A relaxed roman

shade is basicallyflat when loweredwith a softer curveon the lower edge.

It can be enhancedwith beads or adecorative trim forthe finishingtouch.

Roller Shades



Roller Shades

• These are practical asthey are easily adjustedto give privacy or toexclude light. Althoughthere is structural unity inhaving all the shades atthe same level, a shut – in feeling results fromkeeping them all halfwaydown the windows, asmany women do. Roller

shades are some-timesmade by tacking oilclothor other fabric to rollers.

Bamboo or reed roller shades



Bamboo or reed roller shades

• In natural colors canbe used indoors toinduce a gardeneffect.

Types of Blinds



• Interior Venetian Blinds:

• These blinds made ofadjustable horizontal or verticalslats of wood or metal admitlight and air while givingprivacy. They may be usedwithout curtains, especially insummer. They are however,difficult to clean and are liableto become unworkable asparts wear out.

• Exterior Venetian Blinds:

• These new adjustable metalblinds are practical, for theynot only admit light and air but

also prevent the sun fromshining on the glass windows,which reduces indoor heatmany degrees.



Types of Shutters



Interior Shutters:

Are two narrow hinged,folding wooden shuttersinside each window. Theycan be effectively used in

place of curtains andshades.

• Exterior Shutters:

Are customarily usedfor decorativepurposes only.



TREATING THE PROBLEM WINDOWS

Awkwardly placed or awkwardly sized windows

present problems. They can be treated accordingly bymaking small alterations or by selecting an

appropriate window treatment design or the pattern for

curtains or draperies.



Small windows:- Window that is very small will need

to appear higher and wider. For this, a narrow corniceboard (4” – 5” wide) is recommended. The cornice

board may be long enough to extend beyond the

frame of window so that it may permit extra width tothe draperies. It will add length as well as width to the

windows. If the decorative scheme permits then the

curtain / drapery material with vertical line pattern can

be selected for this purpose.

Narrow and small windows:-



▪ To make the window look proportionate make the

horizontal lines predominant in the

window treatment. It can be done in the following ways;▪ Draperies may extend on the wall instead of only

covering the windows.▪ Full curtains or draperies which end at the sill or

apron make the window look wider.▪ Ruffled curtains seem to add width specially if there is

wide ruffle across the top of the window.▪

To tie back the curtains at 1/3rd

of the distance fromthe bottom makes the window look wider.▪ If patterned curtains or draperies are to be used then a

horizontal line or horizontal design should be selected.

Poorly placed and irregularly shaped windows:-

Wh i d d t t b l i t f th



▪ When windows do not seem to be pleasing part of the

room they should be made to appear as inconspicuous as

possible. This can be done in the following ways;▪ The colour of the wood work and of curtains or draperies

should be kept close in hue and value to the colour of wall.

▪ Window treatment should be kept simple.

▪ Glass curtains, which are of sill length, are best for shortirregularly sized windows. For example narrow glass panels on

the either side of the doorway.

▪ By placing a piece of furniture beneath the short window

and treating it same way as other windows.

▪ If all the windows are placed on on wall of the room then

false windows can be placed in the other walls to create balance.

Short and wide window:-Wi d l k l d b h i i



Windows can look longer and narrower by emphasizing

vertical line effect. It can be done in the following ways;

▪Floor length curtains or draperies add length to thewindows.

▪Thin and sheer materials give graceful folds and thus

add length to the window.▪Narrow cornice boards and valances also emphasize

the vertical lines.

▪Tie back the curtains at 1/3rd

distance from the top.▪Vertical lines pattern may be selected for such types of

problematic windows

3. Windows and Window Treatments (2011-12)

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Transcript of 3. Windows and Window Treatments (2011-12)