3rd December 2009

Responsibility of the Global North

A Southern Perspective

Increase in greenhouse gas emission 1990-2004

COUNTRY

CHANGE IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (1990-

2004)

EU ASSIGNED OBJECTIVE

FOR 2012

TREATY OBLIGATION 2008-

2012

Germany -17% -21% -8% Canada +27% N/A -6% Australia +25% N/A +8%* Spain +49% +15% -8% United States +16% N/A -7%* Norway +10% N/A +1% New Zealand +21% N/A 0% France -0.8% 0% -8% Greece +27% +25% -8% Ireland +23% +13% -8% Japan +6.5% N/A -6% United Kingdom

-14% -12.5% -8%

Portugal +41% +27% -8% EU-15 -0.8% N/A -8%

Source: UNFCCC

2

Current status: GHG emissions Diagram including LUCULF

3

Survival with Dignity: AdaptationUN Human Development Report for 2007

priced adaptation at 86 billion pa: entire current global aid budget.

World Bank calculates total global adaptation funding for 2008-2012 at “less than $1 billion pa”, a tiny fraction of the need.

UN Adaptation Fund, authorised at Bali: 2% levy on transactions within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

Not a single NAPA has been supported. Adaptation has entered the language of

development but remains a fringe activity.

Expectations from the SouthAdequacy – in terms of being able to finance

the different categories of adaptation interventions in developing countries;

Predictable – so as to enable responses to be planned and implemented more effectively;

Automaticity – an example of automaticity exists for the adaptation fund, which is financed through a 2 per cent levy on CDM transactions, this can be extended to other kinds of carbon market transactions. In addition, a scheme of defined contributions can be adopted.

New and additional – this means there should be no redirection of investment in developing countries from development programmes.

Type of supportConcrete adaptation projects – first, where

projects have to respond to climate change and second where climate change poses new and unique risks

Adaptation technologies –for enabling adaptation may be treated in a manner similar to mitigation technologies with regard to issues of IPR, grant finance and support for technology development and transfer.

Insurance – a re-insurance mechanism to deal with catastrophic losses due to climate hazard may be created and a portion of the global resources generated for adaptation may be assigned for such a re-insurance fund.

Mainstreaming in ongoing development programmes – in general such activities should be eligible for full cost funding.

Adaptation as Compensation

African governments preparing for Copenhagen have issued a declaration that “Africa is seeking reparations from developed countries because it produces less than 4% green house gases while their effect on the climate could mortgage the future of the continent.”

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Comparing US-China: two biggest EmittersGreenpeace briefing, October 2009 (extracted)

CHINA US Source

GDP perCapita $Intl 2008

5 963 46 859 IMF, World EconomicOutlook Database – April 2009CO2

Emissions per cap4.6 t 19.1 t IEA, Key World Energy

Statistics 2009. Figures arefor 2007.

Income per capita (purchasing power parity) USD (2008)

6,020 46,970 World Bank, 2008http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICSResources/GNIPC pdf

HumanDevelopmentIndex

81st place 12th place

UNDP, Human DevelopmentReport 2007/2008

Private carsper 1000people

17 445 Chinese GovernmentUS Census Bureau