3 Project Management Resource Scheduling

7/28/2019 3 Project Management Resource Scheduling

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33 CHAPTER THREE

ProjectProjectManagement:Management:

Resource SchedulingResource Scheduling

ProjectProjectManagement:Management:

Resource SchedulingResource Scheduling

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The resources used in a project are subject to varying demandsand loadings as the project proceeds.

Management needs to know what activities and what resourcesare critical to the project duration.

They also wish to have constant work rates to eliminate payingovertime at one stage and having short time working at another.

The end product of network calculations is the time chart. Thischart can be converted easily into a calendar schedule for theproject. Here, we will consider the Resource Scheduling Chart.

Basically, there are two types of resources, manpower (orequipments) and costs (or materials). The size of manpowerallocated for an activity remains the same over the activitysduration, whereas the cost for an activity should be allocatedevenly over the duration, and it is assumed that the costs accrueat a constant rate over the activitys duration.

It is also assumed that once an activity has been started it isworked on continuously until it is completed.

Introduction


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Resource-scheduling chart is similar to the traditional Gantt chartbut has the advantages of depicting sequencing restrictions(theist vertical bars) and total floats (slack times) on activities(dashed horizontal lines).

First consider the scheduling of the critical activities. Next, thenon-critical activities are considered by indicating their EST & LFTlimits on the chart. The critical activities are shown with solid lines.

The time ranges for the non-critical activities and the slack timesare shown by normal lines & dashed lines, respectively, indicatingthat such activities may be scheduled within those rangesprovided that the precedence relationships are not violated.

The numbers shown underneath the activities represent theirdurations. The resource allocation for each time unit, with theassumption that all activities start at their earliest, is shown in thelower half of the chart.

Resource Scheduling Chart

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Consider the project management problem in Example 5.2. Themanpower requirement for each activity is given.

Example

Activity Precedence Duration (weeks) Manpower

A

B

C

DE

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

-

-

-

CC

B

B

D, F

A

I

E

G, H, J

2

2

1

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1

2

2

2

4

2

2

2

2

2

21

3

2

4

3

2

2

4


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Network Diagram

Example

Begin

A

Finish

2

B

2

C 1

D

3

E

2

F1

H2

G

2

I

2

J4

L

2

K2

(1, 3)

4

(0, 0)

1

(10, 10)

9

(2, 5)

3

(2, 2)

2

(4, 4)

6

(4, 6)5

(8, 8)

8

(3, 8)

7

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ResourceScheduling Chart

The accumulationfor manpower isshown in thelower half. Theupper half shows

a graphicalconstruction ofthe network on atime scale. Themaximumnumber of men is11 (week 3),same as usingEarliest TimeGantt Chart.

Example

E K

(1) (2)

C

(2) D

(2) H

F (4)

(3)

B

(2) G

(2)

A I J L(2) (3) (2) (4)

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Time (weeks)

Resourceunits(men)


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Objectives:

1. To contain overall resource requirements within prescribed limitsover the project's life. This may mean that the project durationset by the time analysis (critical path) can no longer be met.

2. To maintain a steady level of resource usage over all or part ofthe project's life.

3. To build up or run down resource usage in some prescribedmanner.

Resource leveling (or rescheduling) can be performed easily usingthe resource-scheduling chart since the most importantcomponent for rescheduling, the total floats, can be seen clearlyon the chart.

Consider the resource-scheduling chart shown earlier. Perform aresource leveling to reduce the number of men required in week 3(11 men). Try to reschedule the weekly numbers of men requiredfor whole project duration as consistent as possible.

Resource Leveling

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Since the minimumnumber of menrequired (2) occursin weeks 7 and 8,shift activities E andK to weeks 7 and 9,respectively (using

total float). Thenshift activities F, Gand H to weeks 4, 5,and 7, respectively.Hence, themaximum numberof men required isreduced to 7(weeks 7 and 8).

Resource Leveling E K

(1) (2)

C

(2) D

(2) H

F (4)

(3)

B

(2) G

(2)

A I J L

(2) (3) (2) (4)

8

6

4

2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (weeks)

Resourceunits(men)

3 Project Management Resource Scheduling

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