3 Natural Science - Santillana · There are two types of plants that produce seeds: angiosperms and...
Transcript of 3 Natural Science - Santillana · There are two types of plants that produce seeds: angiosperms and...
Natural Science 3 Learning Lab is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence.
WRITERS Belén Garrido Alan Martin
SCIENCE CONSULTANT Cristina Quincy
ILLUSTRATIONS Jordi Baeza Javier Hernández
EDITOR Beatriz García Hipólito
DIGITAL EDITOR Marcos Blanco
MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle
BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España
Do not write in this book. Do all the activities in your notebook.
Natural Science3
Contents
Be a scientist! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1 The human body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Food and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . 36
3 Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . . . 66
5 Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6 Energy and machines . . . . . 82
Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . . 96
Key vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
three 3
UNIT CONTENTS RAP MINI LAB FINAL TASK / BE A SCIENTIST
1
The human body• What do you know about the senses?
• Life processes: nutrition
• Reproduction and sensitivity
• How do we see things?
• How do we hear things?
• Touch it!
• Can you smell it?
• How do we taste food?
Touch it, smell it! Mystery smells
Taste detection
Values education Take care of our senses
Task Protect our hearing
2
Food and health• What do you know about healthy food?
• What are nutrients?
• What is a healthy diet?
• The food wheel
• The food pyramid
• What is the Mediterranean diet?
• Digestion and the digestive system
The carrot rap Analyse food labels
Guidelines for food hygiene
Store food safely
Values education What keeps us healthy?
Task The healthy food game
REVIEW Learning Lab game
3
Animals• How do scientists study animals?
• What are the main characteristics of vertebrates?
• Vertebrates: mammals and birds
• Vertebrates: fish, reptiles and amphibians
• What are the main characteristics of invertebrates?
• Invertebrates: sponges, cnidarians, worms and molluscs
• Invertebrates: arthropods and the importance of insects
Creepy, crawly Animal tracks
Describe an insect
Make observation charts
Values education Respect animals
Task A unique habitat
4
Plants• What do you know about plants?
• What do plants need?
• What do the parts of plants do?
• What are seed-producing plants?
• How do flowering plants reproduce?
• The life cycle of a flowering plant
• Do all plants produce seeds?
• How do we study plants?
Hey, leaves! What do you do?
Do plants need water?
Do plants react to light?
Values education Respect nature
Task Make a field journal
REVIEW Learning Lab game
5
Matter• What is matter?
• The states of matter: solids, liquids and gases
• Changes of state: water
• Physical changes and chemical changes
• Pure substances and mixtures
Water, water everywhere! Experiment on changes of state
Make mixtures
Values education The importance of water
Task Stations to compare the properties of matter
6
Energy and machines• What do you know about machines?
• Simple and complex machines
• Machines in everyday life
• Inventions from the past
• What is energy?
• How is energy transformed?
• What is heat?
• Conductors and insulators
Clink-clank How does heat affect objects?
Compare the energy from light sources
Values education Energy conservation
Task Make a rubber band engine
REVIEW Learning Lab game
4 four
UNIT CONTENTS RAP MINI LAB FINAL TASK / BE A SCIENTIST
1
The human body• What do you know about the senses?
• Life processes: nutrition
• Reproduction and sensitivity
• How do we see things?
• How do we hear things?
• Touch it!
• Can you smell it?
• How do we taste food?
Touch it, smell it! Mystery smells
Taste detection
Values education Take care of our senses
Task Protect our hearing
2
Food and health• What do you know about healthy food?
• What are nutrients?
• What is a healthy diet?
• The food wheel
• The food pyramid
• What is the Mediterranean diet?
• Digestion and the digestive system
The carrot rap Analyse food labels
Guidelines for food hygiene
Store food safely
Values education What keeps us healthy?
Task The healthy food game
REVIEW Learning Lab game
3
Animals• How do scientists study animals?
• What are the main characteristics of vertebrates?
• Vertebrates: mammals and birds
• Vertebrates: fish, reptiles and amphibians
• What are the main characteristics of invertebrates?
• Invertebrates: sponges, cnidarians, worms and molluscs
• Invertebrates: arthropods and the importance of insects
Creepy, crawly Animal tracks
Describe an insect
Make observation charts
Values education Respect animals
Task A unique habitat
4
Plants• What do you know about plants?
• What do plants need?
• What do the parts of plants do?
• What are seed-producing plants?
• How do flowering plants reproduce?
• The life cycle of a flowering plant
• Do all plants produce seeds?
• How do we study plants?
Hey, leaves! What do you do?
Do plants need water?
Do plants react to light?
Values education Respect nature
Task Make a field journal
REVIEW Learning Lab game
5
Matter• What is matter?
• The states of matter: solids, liquids and gases
• Changes of state: water
• Physical changes and chemical changes
• Pure substances and mixtures
Water, water everywhere! Experiment on changes of state
Make mixtures
Values education The importance of water
Task Stations to compare the properties of matter
6
Energy and machines• What do you know about machines?
• Simple and complex machines
• Machines in everyday life
• Inventions from the past
• What is energy?
• How is energy transformed?
• What is heat?
• Conductors and insulators
Clink-clank How does heat affect objects?
Compare the energy from light sources
Values education Energy conservation
Task Make a rubber band engine
REVIEW Learning Lab game
5five
PlantsWhat do you know about plants?
Observe1 Talk about each photo.
Use these words.
• flowers• roots• fruit • leaves
4
You already know!• Most plants have stems, leaves
and roots.• Some plants produce flowers, fruits
and seeds.• Plants need the right conditions to grow.
A
C
B
D
52 fifty-two
Think about it2 What experiment can you do to
find out if plants need light?
3 Talk about what plans need. Tell your partner.
Final task
Make a field journal
What do plants need?
Do plants need water?
1 Place two plants in a sunny place.
2 Label the pots.
3 Water one of the plants. Do not water the other plant.
4 Observe the plants after one week. What changes can you see? Why?
Key words
• sunlight• water• soil• minerals• air
They need sunlight.
What do plants need?
Mini lab
53fifty-three
fifty-four
What do the parts of plants do?
Leaves take in sunlight. They help the plant to make food.
The stem supports the plant. It carries water and minerals to the rest of the plant.
1 Let’s rap! Hey, leaves! What do you do?
2 What do leaves, roots and stems do? Match the functions to the parts.
a. They absorb sunlight. The leaves. c. They support the plant.b. They absorb water from the soil. d. They absorb water and minerals.
3 Find pictures of plants. Classify them according to their stems: trees, bushes or grasses.
Roots fix the plant in the ground. They absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Some plants have flowers. Flowers produce fruits. The fruits have seeds. The seeds become new plants.
54
What are seed-producing plants?
Think about it4 Do all plants produce flowers?
Compare the photos on this page.
Key words• angiosperm • flower • conifer• gymnosperm • seed • cone
Angiosperms have flowers that produce fruit. The fruit has seeds inside. Angiosperms can be trees, grasses or bushes. A pear tree is an angiosperm.
There are two types of plants that produce seeds: angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Gymnosperms don’t have flowers. They produce cones. The cones have seeds inside. Gymnosperms can be bushes or trees. Conifers, like the pine tree, are gymnosperms.
5 Listen and say angiosperm or gymnosperm.
6 Describe different types of plants.
A poppy is an angiosperm.
It has red flowers.
Pear tree Pine tree
55
4
fifty-five
How do flowering plants reproduce?
2 Draw and write the missing part for each picture.
3 Listen, then answer the questions.
a. What do the sepals do? They protect the flower.b. What does the pistil do? c. What do the stamens do?d. What does the ovary do?
A B C D
Flowers contain the reproductive organs of flowering plants. These organs produce seeds. The seeds grow into new plants.
Think about it1 What part of a plant attracts insects?
Petals are frequently colourful to attract insects.
Sepals are small and green. They look like leaves. They protect the flower.
The ovary contains ovules. The ovules become seeds.
The stamens produce pollen.
The pistil contains the ovary. The ovary becomes a fruit.
56 fifty-six
The life cycle of a flowering plant
6 Make a word puzzle. Copy the sentences about reproduction. Cut out each sentence. Your partner puts them in order.
a. The seeds germinate. b. Seeds grow inside the fruit.c. The pollen reaches the pistil.
d. An insect transports the pollen to another flower.
e. The ovule grows into a fruit.
Predict4 How many life stages does a plant have? Look at the diagram.
Think about it5 What disperses the pollen? Say wind, insect or bird.
The wind, insects or animals transport the pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower.
The pollen travels to the ovary. The pollen fertilises the ovules. The ovules become seeds. The ovary develops into a fruit. The fruit contains seeds.
The fruits falls to the ground. The wind, animals or insects disperse the seeds.
The seeds germinate: they begin to grow.
A B C
The plant grows into a tree. The life cycle begins again.
5
4
3
2
1
57
4
fifty-seven
Do all plants produce seeds?
Some types of plants do not produce flowers or fruits.
Mosses are very small plants. They do not produce flowers or fruits with seeds. Instead, they produce tiny spores in capsules. The spores grow into new plants.Mosses grow on rocks, tree trunks and on the ground. They look like a soft carpet. They grow in moist places.
Do mosses need a lot of water?
You need moss from a florist’s shop• Divide the moss into two lots.• Place the lots in two dishes. Water
one lot every day. Do not water the other lot.
• What happens to each group of moss plants after one week? And after two weeks?
1 Listen and point to the photos.
2 Make a class mural of the types of plants on pages 55, 58 and 59. In groups, choose angiosperms, gymnosperms, mosses or ferns.
• Find photos, classify and label them on the mural.
• Which plants grow near you?
Mosses on rocks Spores in the capsules
Capsules SporesMosses
Mini lab
58 fifty-eight
Ferns do not produce flowers, fruits or seeds. They have large leaves, called fronds. They produce spores. The spores grow on the underside of the fronds. The spores grow into new plants.Ferns grow in shady, moist places, like forests.
Compare3 Look at the photos of mosses and ferns. Tell your partner.
produce
Mosses
Gymnosperms spores
flowers
seeds
cones
Angiosperms
Ferns
Spores on the underside of the leaf
Fern
4 Write about the plants. Make sentences.
They are large.
Are fern leaves large or small?
Key words• moss • fern • spore• capsule • frond
spores
Fronds Spores
do not produce
59
4
fifty-nine
Do plants react to light?
Plants are living things. However, they do not have sense organs. They cannot move about. How do they react to their environment?
You need: • a shoebox with a lid • 3 plants in plastic cups • black tape
Preparation
• Cut a 2 cm hole in the centre of the shoebox lid.
• Water the three plants. Label them A, B and C.
• Put the plants in the shoebox, as in the picture.
• Close the lid. Seal the box with black tape. Light only enters through the hole in the lid.
Do your experiment1 Place the box in a sunny place for
one week.2 Predict. In which direction will
each plant grow? I think plant A will grow ...
3 After one week, open the box. 4 Draw the position of the three
plants.
Analyse your results• Make sentences
Plant Ais
growing
towards the left.
Plant B towards the right.
Plant C straight up.
• What are your conclusions? Write the correct answer.
Plants react /don’t react to light. Leaves and stems grow towards /away from the light.
Mini lab
60 sixty
1 Listen and identify the tools.
How do we study plants?
To study plants, we observe them, measure them and classify them. We watch them grow to see what conditions they need.
We can use different tools to study plants.
a magnifying glass a camera a ruler the Internet
2 Use a field guide. Read and answer the questions to identify three types of plants.
1. Does it have a hard trunk with high branches? Yes. It is a tree. / No. Go to number 2.2. Does it have a short trunk with low branches near the ground? Yes. It is a bush. No. Go to number 3.3. Does it have a soft flexible stem with no branches? Yes. It is a grass plant.
A B C D
A B C
61
4
sixty-one
Check your progressVocabulary
1 Listen and say angiosperm, gymnosperm, fern or moss.
2 Identify the drawings. Match the numbers to the words.
Concepts
3 Match the columns. Write sentences about angiosperms in your notebook.
fern stem seedsflower moss pine cone
The flowers
The trunk
The roots
The seeds
The stem
The leaves
growsgrow
aboveinsideunder
on
the fruits.the stem or branches.
the ground.
Example: Picture 1 is a moss.
1
4
5
6
2
3
62 sixty-two
Apply what you know
4 Look at the photos of the life cycle of this tree. Put the stages in order.
Think about your work in this unit. Copy and complete.
PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS
mosses
spores
…
• What tree is it?
5 Complete the mind map about plants.
PLANTS WITH SEEDS
…
angiosperms
no flowers
…
My progress How is my work?
1
Very well OK I need practice
I can describe the function of parts of plants. … … …
I can describe the life cycle of a flowering plant. … … …
63
4
sixty-three
Make a field journal
Final task
Visit an area where plants grow
1 Write on the first page of your field journal.
Include:• Your name, the date, the name
of the place, the season. • Write the weather conditions. Is the
soil wet or dry?
2 Choose a small area of land to study. Observe your area for ten minutes.
• What sounds can you hear? • What plants can you see?• What animals can you see?
3 Discuss with your partner.
• a notebook • a ruler• a pencil • a magnifying glass
You need:
NAME: DavidDATE: 8th April PLACE Sunford nature parkSEASON: springWEATHER: sunnySOIL CONDITIONS: dry
What can you see on that plant?
It’s a ladybird.
64 sixty-four
Record information in your field journal
Think about what you want to write in your field journal
4 Make drawings of the plants and animals.
• What plants can you see? Measure them, then draw them.
• Can you see any interaction between animals and plants?
• What other things attract your attention?
Write labels and descriptions
5 Describe each plant. Include information like:
• the type of plant: angiosperm, fern, moss...• the function of the parts: the sepals protect / the flowers contain ...• the number of leaves or flowers, their colour, size and smell.
6 Read a classmate’s journal. Exchange ideas. This is an angiosperm. The flowers are red.
Eight centimetres tall.
How tall is it?
Be a scientist!
65
4
sixty-five
Key vocabulary
99
one hundred
Animals
amphibian a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with bare skin. It lives on land and in water. A frog is an amphibian.
beak the projecting jaw of a bird. All birds have a beak.
bird a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with feathers. Most birds can fly.
carnivore an animal that eats meat.earthworm an invertebrate animal.
It has a long thin body divided into segments. It lives in the soil.
exoskeleton a protective covering of some invertebrate animals.
fish an animal that lives in water. Its body is covered with scales.
gills the organs through which fish and some amphibians breathe.
herbivore an animal that eats plants.insect an invertebrate animal. Its body
has three parts: the head, the thorax and the abdomen.
invertebrate an animal without a backbone or an internal skeleton.
lungs the organs of vertebrate animals that breathe in air.
mammal a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with hair or fur. Most mammals live on land.
omnivore an animal that eats both plants and meat.
oviparous born from eggs. Birds are oviparous.
reptile a vertebrate animal that lives on land. Its skin is covered with scales.
shell a protective covering of some animals. A shell is hard and strong.
starfish an aquatic invertebrate. It has an exoskeleton.
vertebrate an animal with a backbone and an internal skeleton.
viviparous born from the mother’s womb. Mammals are viviparous.
100100
U N I T
3
Plants
angiosperm a flowering plant that has fruits and seeds.
bush a plant with a short trunk and low branches.
capsule a tiny part of a moss that contains the spores.
fern a plant with large leaves called fronds. A fern reproduces by spores.
flower the part of a plant that contains the reproductive organs.
frond the large leaf of a fern. It has spores on the underside of the leaf.
grass a plant with a soft stem, and no branches.
gymnosperm a plant that produces cones that have seeds. A conifer is a gymnosperm.
leaf the part of a plant that absorbs sunlight. Plants make their own food through the leaves.
moss a tiny plant. It reproduces by spores that are inside capsules.
ovary the part of a plant that contains the ovules. The ovary develops into a fruit.ovule the part of a plant that
becomes a seed.petal the colourful part of a flower
that attracts insects and animals.pistil the part of a plant that contains
the ovary.
pollen small grains that fertilise the ovules of a plant. Pollen is transported by the wind, insects, or other animals.
roots the parts of a plant that fix the plant in the soil. Roots grow underground.
sepal the small green part of the flower that look like leaves. They protect the flower.
stamen the organ of a flower that contains the pollen.
stem the part of a plant that supports it.tree a plant with a hard trunk and high
branches.
4
101101
U N I T
one hundred and one
Richmond
58 St Aldate’s
Oxford OX1 1ST
United Kingdom
© 2018 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond
Avda. de los Artesanos, 6 Tres Cantos.
28760 Madrid
Richmond is an imprint
of Santillana Educación, S. L.
PRINTED IN SPAIN
CP: 910478