3 Databases Ver2

7/31/2019 3 Databases Ver2

1/30

Udayan Shinde 2011

Information and

Databases


2/30

Data

Udayan Shinde 2011

Is a basic unit of information in a raw and

unorganized format

Bits

On /Off

0 or 1

Text, Images, Audio ,Video

Character A z 9

ASCII 65 122

Binary 0100 0001 01111010 00111001


3/30

Data

Udayan Shinde 2011

Image


4/30

Table

Udayan Shinde 2011

NO Firstname Lastname Birthdate Address MobileDepar

tment

Picture Position Salary

1Amit Joshi 1/1/1980121,

Akruti,SB

Road,Pune

-001

9898967676 Marke

ting

Executive 15000

2Amit Raj 2/1/1975878/1,

Galaxy

Complex,

Flat No.

301, MG

Rd, Pune-

004

8808811111 Accou

nts

Manager 22000

3Madhuri Agarwal 13/11/198

2

77/1, Air

Palace,

Wakad,

Pune-033

9823046789 HR Director 30000


5/30

Table

Udayan Shinde 2011

A table is a set of data elements (values) that isorganized using a model of vertical columns(which are identified by their name) andhorizontal rows.

Rows

Columns

Fields

Refered to the data in row/column Records

Contains several data fields


6/30

Database

Udayan Shinde 2011

Several data fields form a record

Several Records form a data file/table

Several Data Files form a database

Collection of data in an organized format

Structured collection of electronically stored

data , which is controlled and accessed through

computers based on predefined relationships

between predefined types of data items, related

to a specific business, situation or a problem


7/30

Database Management

Systems

Udayan Shinde 2011

A set of programs to define, update and

control, maintain the Database

Store data in an efficient and compact manner

Data Access to external applications

Typically supports query language


8/30

Data Tables

Udayan Shinde 2011


9/30

File system/DB

Concerns

Udayan Shinde 2011

Data size increases to huge extent

Lacks organization

Redundancy

Repeating groups

Subject to modification anomalies

Difficult to Manage

Not Efficient

Security


10/30

Database Structure

Udayan Shinde 2011

Hierarchical Structure

Network Structure

Relational Structure Multidimensional Structure


11/30

Types of Database

Udayan Shinde 2011

OLTP Vs OLAP

Relational DBs

Multidimensional DBs

Data Warehouses

Geographic Information Systems

Text and Image DBs

Hypermedia DB


12/30

Relational DatabaseManagement Systems

Udayan Shinde 2011


13/30

RDBMS

Udayan Shinde 2011

Normalization

Organize and store data in a relational model

for efficient Data management

Entity Relations


14/30

Normalization

Udayan Shinde 2011

Normalization

Efficiently organize data

Eliminate redundancy

Storing only related data

Expandable and easier to extend

Make data model more informative


15/30

Normalization

Udayan Shinde 2011

First Normal Form (1NF)

Eliminate duplicative columns from the same

table.

Create separate tables for each group of related

data and identify each row with a unique column

or set of columns (the primary key)


16/30

Normalization

Udayan Shinde 2011

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Meet all the requirements of the first normal

form.

Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple

rows of a table and place them in separate tables.

Create relationships between these new tables

and their predecessors through the use of foreignkeys.


17/30

Normalization

Udayan Shinde 2011

Third normal form (3NF)

Meet all the requirements of the second normal

form.

Remove columns that are not dependent upon

the primary key.

Other Normal Forms

Boyce-Codd Normal Form [BCNF]

Fourth Normal Form 4NF


18/30


19/30

Entity Relationship Diagrams

Udayan Shinde 2011

To show how information is, or should be

stored and used within a business system

Success of any IS depends on efficient flow

and processing of the information

Identifying Entities and their relationship


20/30

Entity Relationship

Diagrams

Udayan Shinde 2011

Entities are the "things" about which we seek

information.

Attributes are the data we collect about the

entities.

Relationships provide the structure needed to

draw information from multiple entities.

~ERwin, MS Visio, Oracle Designer, Toad Data Modeler


21/30

Relationship types

Udayan Shinde 2011

One-to-Many

One-to-One

Many-to-Many


22/30

Entity Relationship

Diagrams

Udayan Shinde 2011


23/30

Types of Database

Udayan Shinde 2011

Relational DBs


Data Warehouses


Text and Image DBs Hypermedia DB


24/30

Multidimensional

Database

Udayan Shinde 2011

Variation of relational structure

Uses multidimensional structure to organize

data and express relationships between data

Cubes of data

Each side is considered a dimension Each cell contains aggregated data related to

elements among each dimension


25/30

Types of Database

Udayan Shinde 2011

OLTP Vs OLAP

Relational DBs


Data Warehouses


Text and Image DBs

Hypermedia DB


26/30

Data Warehouse

Udayan Shinde 2011


27/30

Data Warehouse

Udayan Shinde 2011

Storing company wide data together

Repository for historical data

Organized data vital for creating reports andmonitoring an organizations status

Backbone of Business Intelligence


28/30

Data Warehouse

Udayan Shinde 2011

Combination of DB and Software to support

business analysis and decision making

Design steps

Extraction, Consolidation, Filtering, Cleansing,

transformation, aggregation and updating

Data Mart: Subset of larger data warehouse

devoted to a particular business function or

department


29/30

Data Mining

Udayan Shinde 2011

Analysis and Summarizing

Discover patterns-Classes, Clusters, Associations,Sequential Patterns

To help determine relationships among internal factors

Data Mining is the discovery of useful patterns in data.And is used for prediction analysis and classification -e.g. what is the likelihood that a customer will migrateto a competitor.

~IBM Intelligent Miner, Cognos Scenario, SASEnterprise Miner


30/30

Data as a resource

Udayan Shinde 2011

Extremely Vital Resource

Having quality data about internal and externalenvironment is a key success factor

Information Quality

Accuracy,Precision and Completeness, Source

Information Accessibility

Availability Information Presentation

Easily available summarized data in a presentable format

3 Databases Ver2

Documents

Transcript of 3 Databases Ver2