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3D Paving:

What do we Mean????

3D Paving

OR

Paving while following 3D Coordinates as reference

?????

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PAIKY Winter Training – 3D Paving:

Why 3D???

– Positioning for All Equipment, No Physical Referen ce Required

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PAIKY Winter Training – 3D Paving:

Why 3D???

No Physical Reference Required for automatic Grade Control

Don’t Need to Erect Expensive string for Grade cont rol or steering

No steering guide / reference Needed

If Auto steering is not available

- Operator follow directional data

Most Important:

- Accurate Coordinates

- Trained Operator

- Frequent Verification of Grade

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Expensive String lines used for Reference for Grade Control:– New construction– Base material

Advantages of Using 3D Reference:

3D – No Physical Reference

String –Physical Reference

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Advantages of Using 3D Reference:

Paving without setting up String lines for Grade Co ntrol & Steering:– New construction– Base material

6 Guide Policy for Geometric Design of Freeways and Expressways - NAASRA 1976

Advantages of Using 3D Reference:

Paving Projects with Complicated Transitions:– Race Tracks– New roads

Paint Line used for Steering Reference

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Paving without setting up String lines for Grade Co ntrol & Steering:– New construction– Base material

Advantages of Using 3D Reference:

No Steering Reference

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FHWA Sponsorship of ASP:

ASP: Asphalt Stingless Paving (3D)

- Online Training for Qualification

Draft Program Completed

Who Should Consider??

- Tractor & Screed Operators

- Superintendents

- Foreman

- Bidders

- State Inspectors

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3 Dimensions According to Physics:

Objects are defined by 3 Dimensions

1. X axis2. Y axis3. Z axis

A slab of Concrete or an Asphalt Roadway is defined by 3 Dimensions

3 Dimensional Shapes | Reference.com Answers

www.reference.com/motif/science/3-dimensional-shapes

3 dimensional shapes are shapes with three sides. The three sides are length, width

and depth. A cube for example is a 3 dimensional shape.

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3D Image of a Pavement:

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3D Image of a Pavement:

Z RH

X

Y

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3D Image of Pavement showing Depth (Z) LH & RH

Z LH

Z RH

Each side is controlled individually (Manually or A utomatically)

- Individual Reference and Machine control required p er side

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Operator Manually follow Physical Reference to cont rol depth & Slope

- Using Depth screw or Tow point Jog Switch

Z LHZ RH

Traditional Control of Depth on both sides

Manual:

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Physical Reference:

- String line, Existing Joint, Subgrade, Curb, mecha nical Ski, etc.

- Machine controls guided by Grade and Slope sensors

Z LH

Z RH

Traditional Control of Depth

Automation and Physical Reference:

Physical References

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Physical Reference:

- Machine Control Guided by a grade sensor following a string

Traditional Control of Depth

Automation and Physical Reference:

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Machine Controllers:

- Niveltronic, Topcon & MOBA and Others

Traditional Control of Depth

Automation and Physical Reference:

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1 D Paving: Controlling Depth LH & RH using Physic al Reference

Traditional Control of Depth

Automation and Physical Reference:

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What is Required??

1. 3D Reference and Positioning System

2. Machine Control

Z LH Z RH

Non Traditionally Control of Depth

Automation and 3 D Coordinates as Reference:

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1. 3D Reference & Positioning Systems:

3 D Job Coordinates – Design Files or Road Scanner

Reference Monitor: Prism / Laser Scanner, Digital Level

a.Topcon – MM GPS System

b.Leica – PaveSmart Robotic Stations

c.Trimble – PCS900 Total Station

2. Machine Control Systems:

a. Topcon (1D)……….Topcon + Vogele Navitronic (1, 2 & 3D )

b. Leica (1D)………Leica + Vogele Navitronic (1,2, & 3D)

c. Trimble 1D

d. Vogele Niveltronic 1D

3 D Reference & Machine control systems

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Comparisons of different 3DSystems

Technology Total Station GPS-only mmGPS (= "laser + GPS")

Supplier

Working (Paving) Range

Typical Accuracy

(Position)

Typical Accuracy (Height)

"Availability" for

Operation

Use at Night?

Use in Forested Areas?

Use in "Urban Canyons"?

Use in Dense Fog?

Tracks multiple Targets

Use for all Survey Tasks?

Setup Sensor anywhere?

Pre-conditions for Use on

Jobsite

This chart should be filled out by Contractors to e nsure Suitability to their Project

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Z LH

- Reference: 3D Job coordinates & 3 D Positioning sy stem

1 Grade Reference, Robotic Total Station

- Machine Control

3D Reference, 1D Paving

Controlling Depth on Left

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Z LH

Z RH

- Reference: 3D Job coordinates & 3 D Positioning sy stem

2 Grade Reference, one per side

- Machine Control

3D Reference, 1D Paving

Controlling Depth on L & R

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Z LH

- Reference: 3D Job coordinates & 3 D Positioning s ystem

1 Grade Reference & Cross Slope Sensor

- Machine Control: Must be capable of communicate w ith Slope Sensor

Could also use Traditionally Slope control with 3D Grade

3D Reference,1D Paving:

Controlling Depth on L & Slope on R

X

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Topcon 3 D Position Control & Machine Control

- Control Mat Depth on the LH side

3D Reference,1D Paving – Topcon System:

Controlling Depth on Left

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PZL1a Transmitter PZsMC

Receivers

GX60 Control Box

GR5

Rover

Topcon 3D Positioning Control & Machine Control:

3D Reference,1D Paving – Topcon System:

Controlling Depth on Both Sides

Bay Station

MCR 3 GPS

Receiver

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3D Reference, 1D Paving – Trimble System:

Controlling Depth

Trimble 3D Positioning Control & Machine Control

- Control Mat Depth on the RH & LH side

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Screed Cross slope

Machine Target

3D Control Box

Machineradio

Mast Tilt Sensor

+

Total Station for guidance, 2 nd

Station for checking

Standard ControlL & R Box

3D Reference, 1D Paving – Trimble System

Components:

Trimble 3D Positioning Control & Machine Control:

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3D Reference, 1D Paving – Leica System

Controlling Depth on Right

Leica 3 D Positioning Control & Machine Control

- Control Mat Depth on the RH side

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3D Reference: 1D Paving – Vogele Niveltronic

Components:

Leica

Topcon

Topcon or Leica 3D Positioning Systems

- Vogele Machine Control (Same as the Screed Contro l)

Vogele

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3D Reference, 1D Paving on any Model Paver

Controlling Depth (Z)

TrimbleTopcon

Any 3D Positioning & Machine Controls will work on any Model Paver

- The paver must be setup for Automatic Grade and Slo pe

- Some 3D Positioning and Machine Control Systems:

Leica??

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2. Reference – Positioning ControlTopcon, Leica, Trimble

1. Machine ControlVogele Navitronic Plus

3D Reference, 2 & 3D Paving:

Controlling Pavement Depth, Width & Direction

Machine Control & 3D Reference Required

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Z LH Z RH

X Mat width

3D Reference, 2D Paving:

Controlling Depth (Z) and Pavement Width (X)

- Reference: 3D Job coordinates & 3 D Positioning s ystem

2 Grade Reference and Screed Width Sensor

- Machine Control: Vogele Niveltronic

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Industry Confusion: 2D paving refer to Automatic G rade Control following Traditionally Physical Reference

Actual 2D paving: Controlling 2 Dimension of the P avement

3D Reference, 2D Paving:

Controlling Depth (Z) and Pavement Width (X)

Z LH Z RHX

Traditional 1D Paving - Depth 2D Paving - Depth & Widt h

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D2 ScreedWidth (X)

D3 Steering Control (Y)

D1 Mat Depth L

D1 Mat Depth R

3D Reference, 3D Paving :

Controlling Depth (Z), Width (X) and Direction (Y)

Reference: 3D Job coordinates and a 3 D Positionin g system

2 Grade Reference, Screed Width Sensor & Steering c ontrol

Machine Control: Vogele Niveltronic

3D – No Operator

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Navitronic Plus Control Screens:

3D Machine Control Option - Pavement Width & Steerin g control Screens

Pavement Width Steering

Depth

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Vogele Navitronic & Topcon 3D Positioning System

- Controlling Pavement Depth, Width and Steering wit h S2100-3

3D Reference, 3D Paving :

Controlling Depth (Z), Width (X) and Direction (Y)

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Vogele Navitronic & Leica 3D Positioning System

- Controlling Pavement Depth, Width and Steering wit h S2100-3

3D Reference, 3D Paving :

Controlling Depth (Z), Width (X) and Direction (Y)

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3D Paving - What do we Mean????

3D Paving: Generally refer to Automatic Control of M at Depth:

- Following 3D Coordinates instead of a Physical Ref erence

3D Paving: Truly means Controlling Depth, Width & D irection

- Following 3D Coordinates for reference

2D Paving: Automatic Control of Mat Depth and Widt h

- Following 3D Coordinates for reference

- Not Following Physical Reference such as Joint, cu rb etc.

3 D Reference & Machine control systems

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3 D Reference & Machine control systems