3-D PRINTING

1.Motivation

2. Introductory images.

3. Basic Questions

4. What is 3-D printing

5. Techniques used

6. Applications

7. Limitations

8. Conclusion

8. References

Contents

The EFY EXPO 2014 held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India featured different 3-D printers operating in the industry.

“HOW IT'S MADE” from Discovery Networks India also inspired me towards making this presentation.

My companions also motivated me in this direction.

Motivation

l 2012 3D Print Show, London

Frequently Asked Questions?

1.What is 3D Printing?2.How is the technology being used?3.What are the challenges with 3D Printing?4.Impact on Housewares Market

What is 3D Printing?

Technical Definition

Process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer

upon layer as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies

Okay…but in English please

Let’s Start with 2D Printing

Digital to Physical

Now 3D Printing

Digital to Physical

Material Extrusion (FDM)

•Most common technology•Desktop models are widespread

•Visual Prototypes•Tooling•Investment Casting•Larger platforms

Binder Jetting

Wider range of materialsVery strengthFunctional partsBase material is powderStill at the industrial scale

Powder Based System

How do people use 3D Printing?

• Prototyping • Low volume manufacturing• Tooling • Consumer products• Customization + personalization• Art/design• Education• Medical

Prototyping

Low barrier to create a physical model

– Limited risk if it fails– Get products into the

customers hands– Streamlined development

process– Save money and time on

tooling – Ability to iterate and

incorporate new feedback

Design Freedom

Geometric Freedom

Low Volume Manufacturing

Challenges with 3D Printing

•Limited and high cost of materials•Unreliability of machines

– 20% reject rate•Challenges scaling up technology•Speed•Environmental Concerns•Surface finish•Resolution•Mechanical properties•Post processing•Still only making shapes

Getting started with 3D Printing

•Beginners give it a try…– Plenty of places in the city and online where you can

see, use or order 3D Printed parts– Experiment with some 3D design platforms

•Advanced Users– Have clear goals and how the technology can fit your

company’s needs

Conclusion•Additive Manufacturing is currently a $2.2 billion industry worldwide. •Market is expected to triple by 2018 to roughly $6 billion.

– Context: Injection molding market expected to be $252 billion in 2018•Sales for low cost machines (<$5000) – 35,508 in 2012•Sales for professional machines (>$5000) – 6,494 in 2011•3-D printing is the future of manufacturing.

Data: Wohler’s Report

References

‘The Intellectual Property Implications of Low-Cost 3D Printing’ S Bradshaw, A Bowyer and P Haufe, SCRIPTed 7.1 (2010)

‘The Rise of 3D Printing and its Implications for Intellectual Property Law – Learning Lessons from the Past?’ D Mendis, EIPR 35(3) (2013)

‘3D Printing Legal Update’ S Bradshaw, Computers & Law 24(2) (2013)

www.raprag.org