3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/1 Demand Side Management Need,...

3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSO’s by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad

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Demand Side Management

Need, Concept & Scenario

R.N. PandyaSr. Project Executive (EC)

Gujarat Energy Development Agency


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What is DSM?

• DSM means – Demand Side Management• In terms of Energy “supply & demand” – DSM means

managing “energy demand” within the limits of “energy supply” by reduction of energy demand using efficient techniques & technologies.

• With particular reference to “electricity demand & supply” fluctuations occur within a cycle of 24 hours as also during 12 months’ cycle – i.e. seasonal demand.

• Increase in energy demand of a nation is affected by overall growth of industries and change in life style of people.


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The NEED

• With rapid development and growth of the nation “Energy Demand” is increasing.

• Inspite of plans to increase resources and add new generation capacities it is becoming difficult to match the supply with the demand because of resource and cost constraints.

• Creating new energy sources will increase environmental hazards as power plants are the biggest source of pollution.

• India depends on imported (oil) energy to meet about 75% of its total demand. So we have spend a huge sum of our hard earned FOREX for importing oil.


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• The energy intensity of India is among the highest in the world.

• We consume double the amount of energy for manufacturing and rendering services as compared to some of the developed countries.

• So it is essential that we become more efficient and reduce our energy intensity by preventing wastage and adopting energy efficient pattern of growth.


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The Concept

• Control and Manage the demand within sources of supply.

• Manipulate and Manage peak load and off-peak load demands through load management.

• Adopt Energy Efficient techniques & technologies to reduce energy demand in all consumer sectors.

• Promoting low energy intensive industrial development

• Use Renewable Energy Sources wherever possible – solar, wind, bio energy, hydel/tidal, geothermal energy sources.

• Moderation of energy use.


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DSM offers a wide variety of program either to increase or decrease the load. DSM program can be classified under the following three categories :

Implication of DSM in utilities

1. Energy Conservation Program : promote the application of energy efficiency measures, equipment such as lighting, air-conditioning, motors in different customer segments. The EC programs are especially designed to directly reduce energy consumption and indirectly reduce the peak demand.

2. Load Management Program : control, curtail or shift the load demand periodically on a daily or seasonal basis according to peak demand requirement or constraints. This program normally result in a decrease in peak demand but may or may not result in a decrease in consumption.

3. Increased Electricity Demand Program : may be used periodically on daily or seasonal basis in order to fill the valleys when the network is fed by run-of-river power stations. They are generally referred to as strategic power increase or surplus consumption measures.


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The Power Scenario• All India installed capacity is about 1,82,689 MW. • All India Generation is about 800 BU• Power Deficit - Peak Demand – 10.5%, Energy –

8.2%• Per Capita Energy Consumption – India - 700

kWh/year– World Average – 2800 kWh/yr• Coal based TPP – 65% (84% Generation)• Capacity Addition in 12th Plan is 100000 MW• Electricity supply increased 60%, household access

by 10% in last decade – however – Half of India’s rural households do not have access to

electricity i.e one third of the world population without electricity. Making India the largest population without electricity.

– 25% of consumers are poor - paying > Rs 150 per month


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The Power Scenario• Typical data

– Average hours of supply in rural areas: 2-6 hours

– De-electrification of villages: 10%– Un-authorised connections: 30% – Permanent disconnections: 15-20%

• Energy Intensity 0.8 • Population – 130 crore (16% of World) • Energy Resources – 1% of World• Crude Import Bill – 200000 crore (75% of

demand)


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Energy Generation Scenario

Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW


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Coal In India

Reserves/Production (R/P) - World (122 years) India (114 years)15 % of requirement imported, mainly coal with high GCV and low ash content


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Oil In India

• Will last - World (42 years) & India (20 years)• India has 0.5 % of world oil reserves• Oil accounts for 31 % of our primary energy.• Transport consumes 42 % followed by

domestic and industrial, both 24 %• In 2011 India’s oil import burden will exceed

5% of GDP for only the third time in history if prices average the current level of $92/bbl for the entire year.


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• Power generation accounts for much of the increase in primary energy demand, the overall power generation in the country has increased from 264 Billion units during 1990-91 to 662.52 Billion Units during 2006-2007.

• The country is facing power shortages : Peak shortage = 10.2 % , Average shortage = 9 %

• Coal remains the main source of power generation. • Higher energy demand drives up imports of oil, gas and

coal, and greenhouse gas emissions.• India is the fourth largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter in

the world with CO2 emission being 1249.74 Mt for the year 2006.


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Power Scenario of Gujarat


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Total Capacity (as on 01-04-11) : 13354 MWState (GSECL) : 5216 MW (39%)State Owned IPPs : 1216 MW (9%)Private IPPs : 4102 MW (31%)Centre share : 2820 MW (21%)

Conventional Source

MW Gujarat

%

National

%

RE Source MW

Coal 6935 51.9360.53

Wind 2094

Lignite 1040 7.79 Solar 6

Gas 3821 28.61 11.41 Biomass 10

Hydro 779 5.83 24.21 Mini Hydro 6

Nuclear 559 4.19 3.08 Total 2116

Oil 220 1.65 0.77

Total 13354 100.00 100.00

Present installed capacity in the State of Gujarat


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Total Installed Capacity in Gujarat

Source Capacity (MW) % Capacity

State (GSEC) 9864 51Centre 2310 12Private (IPP) 2416 12.5CGP (340 consumer)(Paralleled with State Grid) 1573 8.3

CPP (50 consumer)(Paralleled with State Grid) 3113 16.2

19276


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Demand for 2010-11 10500 MW

Present Installed Capacity 13354 MW

Installed Capacity Required to meet demand (@80% PLF) 13125 MW

Year

Capacity Addition

(MW)

Installed Capacity

(MW)

Demand (MW)

Required Installed Capacity (@80% PLF)

Surplus Capacity

(MW)

As on 1.4.11 13354 10500 13125 229

2011-12 4642 17996 11550 14348 3559

Present Surplus/(Deficit) scenario

Proposed Capacity Addition – XI Five Year Plan

GUJARAT IS CURRENTLY SURPLUS IN POWER


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Total Sales

• Generation – 55771 MU

• Sales by GETCO – 54000 MU – (GETCO T&D losses are just 3-4%)

• Sales by DISCOMs – 45000 MU

• (Other T&D are about 16%)...

PCE of Gujarat – 1500 kwh/yr


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Breakup of Electricity End User (Gujarat 2009-10)

No. End User Sector Share in %

1 Agriculture 28

2 Commercial 5

3 Public Water Supply & Sewerage 2

4 Domestic 14

5 Industrial (HT) 28

6 Industrial (LT) 11

7 Railways 1

8 Public Lighting 1

9 Bulk Supply Licensees 10


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ENVIRONMENTis endangered by haphazard

use of energy resources. The Global Warming due to CO2 emissions increased

by 20% during 1995-2005 – the largest change in last

200 years.


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ENERGY The Main Culprit for

Climate Change70% of the GHG emissions world over are caused by

Energy Consumption. Power Plants & Industries are two

major contributors of GHG emissions


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Sector-wise GHG EmissionsSector-wise GHG Emissions


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Inspite of all these concerns Growth is Essential and Energy Consumption is

Inevitable.

DSM is an option to strike a balance between the both.


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Correlation between HDI & Electricity

Source: Dr. Steve Chu, US Department of Energy

Two way relation in terms of cause and effect. For India, small change in electricity use could make a big difference in HDI


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Various DSM Initiatives

• Increasing efficiency in power generation, transmission & distribution and utilization.

• Improving quality of power, increasing reliability of power supply, reducing auxiliary energy,etc.

• Incentive/disincentive Schemes for maintaining good PLF – TOU tariff, demand charges, PF penalty/rebate, etc.

• Scheme for promoting EE in industries, buildings, agriculture, households, etc.

• Creating mass awareness about EC.


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DSM Programs • EE Lighting – Bachat Lamp Yojna, LED Village

Campaign, • EE & Green Buildings – BEPI, ECBC, use of better

designs, MOC & electrical appliance. • Promoting Renewable Energy (RE) systems in place of

conventional energy systems. RE based energy generation – on & off-grid systems

• Prescribing efficiency norms for energy intensive products – BEE S&L program.

• EE in public utilities – street lighting and water & sewerage pumping.

• EE in agriculture – mandating use of efficient pumpsets.• Mandating EE in energy intensive industries.


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1 Frost Free Refrigerator

2 Fluorescent Tube Lamps

3 Air Conditioners

4 Direct Cool Refrigerators

5 Distribution Transformers

6 General Purpose Industrial Motors

7 Monoset Pumps

7a Open Well Pumpsets

7b Submersible Pumpsets

8 Ceiling Fans

9 Domestic Gas Stoves

10 Stationary Storage Type Water Heaters

11 Colour Television


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Advantages / Benefits

• Economical – say Cheaper Solution

• Fast – less time consuming

• Eco-friendly – mitigates pollution

• Sustainable

• Indigenous – no hifi technology involved

There is always a better way to do anything & DSM is one of the better

ways….


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Residential Sector Savings Estimates

DSM Applications : DSM Applications :

End use Energy-efficiency measures Technical potential savings estimate (%)

Lighting Compact fluorescent lamps 20 – 50

Cooling/ ventilation High-efficiency fan motors; whole house fans; programmable controllers

15 – 50

Refrigeration High-efficiency refrigerators 15 – 40

Water-heating equipment

Efficient water heater tanks; increased tank insulation; low-flow devices thermal traps;

heat pumps and solar water heaters

20 – 30

70

Electric ranges/ ovens

Increased insulation; seals; improved heating elements, reflective pans; reduced thermal mass; reduced contact resistance

10 – 20

Miscellaneous equipment (TV sets)

Solid state television sets that use efficient electronic devices

10


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Saving Potential in Agriculture Through Retrofitting

Code Scope of rectification Reduction in energy

consumption (%) (kWh per pump per year)

R1 Low resistance foot-valve and low friction suction pipe of proper diameter

20%-25% (1000-1250 kWh)

R2 R1 + low friction delivery pipe 30%-35% (1500-1750 kWh)

R3 R2 + replace pump by one of higher efficiency 40%-45% (2000-2500 kWh)

R4 R3 + replace motor by one of lower rating 50%- 60% (2500-3000 kWh)



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Energy Saving Potential

End-use type Potential Energy

Savings (MU)

Motors and drive systems (industrial and agriculture sectors)

80000

Lighting (domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors)

10000

Energy-intensive industries

5000

Total 95000



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Overview of applicable DSM measures1. Power factor improvement at plant substation

2. Conventional ballast's on FTL’s by low loss ballast's

3. GLS lamps by CFL’s

4. HPMV Vs HPSV

5. Lighting voltage controller

6. Soft starter/Energy saver

7. Replacement of pump by high efficiency pump

8. Replacement of fan by high efficiency fan


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Overview of applicable DSM Measures9. Application of VSD’s

10. Replacement of single stage compressors by two stage compressors

11. Reciprocating air compressor by screw compressor

12. Reciprocating refrigeration compressor by centrifugal compressor

13. VCR’s by VAR’s

1. Water Lithium bromide

2. Aqua Ammonia

14. No load energy saver for welding set


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Benefit To All


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Thank You for your time & patience.


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Success is not the key to happiness.

Happiness is the key to success.

If you love what you are doing, you will be

successful."

3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/1 Demand Side Management Need,...

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