3-Application of ITS in Bus Transit-Naqvi

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Applications of ITS in Bus Transit

H M Naqvi

Head-Research & Consultancy Division,

Central Institute of Road Transport, Punewww.cirtindia.com

25.6.2010 1C I R T Pune

National Workshop on

Intelligent Transportation System25-26 June, 2010, Pune


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Presentation Outline

Bus transit scenario in India & issues

About ITS

Applications of ITS in Bus TransitAVL/Vehicle tracking

Passenger Information System

Trip Planner

Traffic signal priority

E-ticketing

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Bus Transit Scenario in India

as on 31.3.2008

Rural Urban Hilly Total

No. of

STUs

27 14 10 51

No. of

buses

held

99,914

(81)

19,869

(16)

4,200

(3)

1,23,983

(100)

Pass

carried**(Crores)

1641

(71)

633

(28)

19

(1)

2293

(100)

Source: STU profile and performance, 2007-08 **data coverage 92.4% of operation

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Issues in Bus Transit System

Land-use pattern incompatible with transit

use;

Lack of high-quality service, with long andunreliable travel times;

Lack of comfort;

Security concerns; and,

Incompatible with the way people currently

travel(say trip chaining)

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Intelligent Transport System?

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ITS is the deployment of advanced information

and telecommunication technologies to

enhance theSafety,

Efficiency,

Reliability,

User and Environmental friendliness of theTransport System


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Functional areas of ITS

Advanced Traffic Management Systems(ATMS)-infrastructure based

Integrate management of various roadway functions

Predict traffic congestion and alternative routing

Advanced Traveler Information Systems(ATIS)-in vehicle equipment based

Provide data to travelers in their vehicles/home

Location of incidents, road/weather conditionFuture areas-Integration of traveler information with

network management and travel information system

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Functional areas of ITS-contd

Advanced Vehicle Control Systems(AVCS)

Enhances drivers control of the vehicle to make

travel safe and more efficient.

Commercial Vehicle Operations(CVO)

Improves productivity of operators fleet and

efficiency (trucks/vans/taxis) of operations.

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Functional areas of ITS-contd..

Advanced Public Transportation

Systems(APTS)

Enhances the accessibility of information to usersImprove scheduling of PT

Utilization of bus fleets

Advanced Rural Transportation Systems(ARTS)

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ITS Transit Technologies

Automatic vehicle location;

Passenger Information System;

Real-time trip/journey planner;Traffic signal priority; and,

Electronic fare payment

Improves

Transit productivity

Quality of service

Real-time information

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Automatic Vehicle Location

(AVL)/Vehicle Tracking

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VT carried out manually by posting trafficcontrollers/time-keepers at important points

Does not give 100% coverage besides itdepends on human errors

It is very expensive and not tamper proof

The data generated as entries in the registerare not processable

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Conventional System of Vehicle

Tracking(VT)

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Fleet management involves ensuringtimely arrival and dispatch of buses

It becomes difficult when more number ofbuses are involved and they make

repetitive tripsThe failure of the fleet managementresults in unpopular of the industry andshift in traffic to personalized modes of

transportMonitoring of Private hired buses wasessential and vital (route & km operated)

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Need for Vehicle Tracking

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Automatic Vehicle Location

Helps in automatically determining geographic

location of a vehicle and transmits information

to the requester.

Locates through GPS/active RFID and transmit

information using satellite/terrestrial

radio/cellular system.

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BMTC, Bangalore

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Pilot project on 200 vehicles startedin 1999 & developed the GPSmodules through BEL, Bangalore

A memory module was added tothe receiver to store the positional

data for three days

Bus battery power was drawn forthe unit

Installed the unit on the buses &control room was established

Personnel to man the Control roomwere developed through training

GIS map of road network createdand value added layers were added

Vehicle Tracking through Off-line

GPS


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Frequent failures of modules reported due to exposureof the units to water at depot

Daily removal of data logger caused damages to unitbesides data transfer cumbersome process

Manpower requirement more for data downloading

The analytical reports were not readily available as theprocess is time consuming and reports are availablevery belatedly

The trained personnel were transferred/acquiringbetter placements causing loss of manpower resourcesin the field

Having observed deficiencies, BMTC introduced on-lineGPS system through outsourcing on BOOT basis.

Deficiencies in Off-line System

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GPS SatelliteGPS Satellite

GPS based Vehicle Mounted UnitGPS based Vehicle Mounted Unit

PC displaying VehiclePC displaying Vehicle

Location on MapLocation on Map

Wireless NetworkWireless Network

AVLS How does it work?25.6.2010 C I R T Pune


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The GPS data was used for tracking the movement ofthe vehicle off line

Tracking of Vehicle Movement

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Typical GPS Analysis ReportDate: 18-03-2001 Schedule No: 356/2 Veh.No. KAO1F2228 Depot: 15

Trips to be operated as per Form-IV : 11 Trips operated as per GPS data : 9

Missed Trips: 2 Trips run on time: Nil Trips run Early: 9 Trips operated Late: Nil

Trips Deviated: Nil Scheduled Kms.: 256.6 Cancelled kms: 28.0

Effective kms: 228.6 GPS kms: 232.2

Comments:As per the evaluation report, recordings of data is correct.

As per Form-IV, the schedule has to start at 8.00 hrs from MDL and returns to MDL at 20.35 hrs

As per the GPS data, the schedule has left the MDL at 9.10hrs delay by 1hr 10min and returned toMDL at 19.40 hrs early by 55 min performing 9 trips.

Trips operated as per form IV: Nil Trips operated Late Nil. Trips deviate: Nil

Trips operated Early: The 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 1oth and 11th trips were operated 15min, 20min,15min, 30min, 10min,20min,15min, 1hr and 1hr early.

Trips Missed and Kms cancelled: The 1st and 2nd trips were cancelled accounting to cancellation of28.00 kms.

Remarks: The Schedule is irregular

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Information derived on-line GPS

Real-time tracking of vehicles alongwith speed.

Early & late departures and arrivals of the vehicles from depots/busstations

Identification of

Non-completion of trips

Deviation in tripsCancellations of trips

Extra trips operated

Idle time of the vehicles

Skipping of bus stops

Speed violation

Accounting of loss of time in non-performing trips

Accurate computation of operated and Cancelled kms

Accurate Billing of Private operators Kilometres, which comes to 60million Rupees per month

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Schedule Adherence

Better time management,

Optimum utilization of available fleet & crew

Better revenue per bus

Effective route planning

Avoiding unnecessary over time and extraduty charges

Punctuality in pickup-and drop attractingmore people to travel result in increase intrip revenue

Further Benefits Derivable from the System


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Control over Deviation

Route deviation

Stoppage deviation

Non-stoppage at scheduled stops

Advantages

Savings in fuel cost due to monitoring of drivinghabits

Control over private operator vehicles



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Traffic Load Analysis

Reschedule of time table to have properload balancing

Trimming of redundant schedule routes

GIS based analysis for traffic loadestimation

Analysis of traffic congestion helping inrescheduling of bus timings

All time information on total vehicle on-road



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Driving Pattern Analysis

o Speed violation, acceleration/deceleration,

extra stoppage time etc. result ino Less accidents

o Lower wear and tear of buses

o Reduction in unnecessary and unscheduled

crew stoppage time attributing for betterfleet utilization



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Fleet Management

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(PIS)

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An electronic information system which provides real-time passenger information.

May include both prediction about arrival/departuretime and information about nature & cause of

disruption.Information delivered via

automated answering machine (telephone),

touch screen kiosk,

internet through website,

PDA/Mobile(SMS),

LED display screen at stations

Also called as bus information system in Korea, Japan

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PIS in Indian Cities

Delhi

on 4 BRTS routes (58 PIS LED boards on BQSs)

Predicts ETA of buses through GPRS connection

Pune

On-board display with audio-100

Bus stop display-104

Bus terminal-6

Predicts ETA of busesKELTRON/ARYA OMNITALK

Bangalore

Chennai

Ahmedabad

Indore

Bus terminal display

On-board display25.6.2010 28/46C I R T Pune


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PIS

PurposeImprove public transport efficiency

Real-time information on bus arrival at bus stops

Real-time information on bus departure at bus terminals

Real-time audio-visual announcement of next bus stop inside bus

BeneficiaryGeneral Public

Travel planning

Comfort level

Reduces anxiety about bus arrival

Stakeholder

Monitor and improve fleet efficiency

Improve quality of service

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Mobile Phone InformationMobile Phone Information

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SMS is increasingly being seenas a useful medium forproviding real timeinformation to passengers.

As the mobile phoneownership is high SMS topublic transport information issignificant.

Therefore any informationservice can be tapped

SMS is increasingly being seenas a useful medium forproviding real timeinformation to passengers.

As the mobile phoneownership is high SMS topublic transport information issignificant.

Therefore any informationservice can be tapped


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Internet RTPIInternet RTPI

The Internet is frequently used

as there is a greater scope to

provide more detailed

information than at bus stopsand bus locations can be

displayed on a GIS map.

This provides a powerful

and dynamic tool allowing

travelers to plan their journeys

more precisely.

The Internet is frequently used

as there is a greater scope to

provide more detailed

information than at bus stopsand bus locations can be

displayed on a GIS map.

This provides a powerful

and dynamic tool allowing

travelers to plan their journeys

more precisely.

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Real-time Trip Planner for

Bus Transit

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About Trip Planner

Trip/Journey Planner for transit facilitate user tosearch the best possible route say

shortest travel time,

least number of transfers,least fare, etc)

with respect to his/her origin and destination throughinternet.

Static Trip Planner

Real-time Trip Planner

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Static Trip planner in India-Mumbai

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combined route search: bus & rail (separate options shall be preferable)

uses static transit data

InputOutput


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Static Trip planner in India-Mumbai

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-replacing printed time-table

- trip timings, headway, city route map missing

-limited information about transit route to users

Output

Input


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TfL uses pseudo/real-time data, hence traffic congestion, cancellation of transit trip,changes in headway during off-peak, weekend trip addressedadvanced options available: date, time of journey, walk distance from O/Don-line ticket purchase not available, separate option for bus & rail itinerary not available

Trip planner Abroad

InputOutput

LondonBerlin

Input


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Automatic Fare Collection

System

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Convention Fare Collection System

The revenue in a public transport industry is collected

by the conductor through a conventional method of

selling pre-printed tickets or spot writing tickets

The process is cumbersome, time consuming and

tough to handle

Has chances for mis-appropriation and malpractices

Problem of change in disbursement

Electronic Ticketing Machine is one

of the solution

E-Ticketing


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ETM specifications-hand-held ticket

vending machines

32 key keyboard and printer

350 gms weight

Palm held

Dimension 75mm x 240mm x 33mm

Simple operation, punch number and print ticket

Route configuration (upto 500 routes)

Each route can have upto 250 stages

Status monitoring facility

High efficiency battery having capability to print 3500 tickets in onecharging

RF card reading capability

GSM and RM radar compatible

Bar coding capability

RS232 and I/R port

8000 ticket memory

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Photos of ETM

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Bus Priority Signal

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Transit Signal Priority

It facilitates the movement of bus transit vehicles

through traffic signal controlled intersections.

Objective is to improve schedule adherence and

improved transit travel time efficiency while

minimizing impacts to normal traffic.

In Portland, TriMet was able to improve 10% TT

and 19% reduction in TT variability. Los Anglesreported 25% improvement in TT with TSP.

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Components in TSP

A detection system that let the TSP system knowwhere the vehicle requesting signal priority islocated.

Priority request generator alerts Traffic ControlSystem about vehicle like to receive priority.Software process the request and decideswhether and how to grant priority based on theprogrammed.

Priority control strategiesManages system, collects data and generatereports

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Pd Pc

C

Bus Transit Priority Signal-

A Simplified RepresentationPd-bus approaching upstream detected at Point Pd, alerts Traffic Control about bus priority

Pc-After passing signal, clearance is detected at point Pc

C- Traffic controller (provides priority by extending Green/truncate Red phase)

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Benefits of ITS in Bus Transit

Reduce waiting time and uncertainty

Increases the accessibility of the system

Increase the safety of users

Reduce the fuel consumption and emissionsReduce the operational costs

Improve traffic efficiency

Reduce traffic congestion

Improve environmental quality and energyefficiency

Improve economic productivity

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3-Application of ITS in Bus Transit-Naqvi

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