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SOME CURRENT TRENDS INWASTEWATER TREATMENT
Part I: Water Treatment
Iñaki del Campo – Director de PropuestasDegremont LATAM
November 2014
2013 2
Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Trends in Water Treatment
1.Optimization of Energy and carbon footprint
2.Compactness and Induced Advantages
3.Micropollutants
4.Reuse of Treated Water
2013 3
Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Trends in Sludge Treatment
1. Combined strategy with water treatmentfor optimization of the energetic potential oforganic matter
2. The final disposal:• Landfilling,• Beneficial use
» Agriculture / Soil application» Energy» Commercial Products
3. Sludge Technologies
2013 4
SUMMARY Trends in Wastewater Treatment Plant
• WATER TREATMENTReduction of Energy Consumption
and Carbon Footprint
Water to (Water and Energy)
• SLUDGE TREATMENTOptimization of “Internal Fuel”
in Sewage Water
Sludge to Energy
Balance between Electrical and Thermal Energy
2013 5
REDUCTION of ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION and BILL
The WWTP of the FUTURE will optimize the use of electrical energy and the relatingcosts …
No real gap at short termbut CUMULATIVE actions on MINOR points (VFDs for instance) and MAJOR points as:
– Aeration of aerobic biological reactors (40 to 60% of the total WWTP consumption)
– Improvement of mixing requirements
– Improvement of ventilation/deodorization
WATER LINE1. Optimization of Energy and Carbon Footprint
2013 6
DESIGN of WWTPs - TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
LA FARFANA – Santiago de Chile1 million m3/d
PARIS – Colombes (France)DWF 240,000 m3/d – WWF 1 million m3/d
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
No land constraints
Land constraints
2013 7
Panama City – 1 million inhabitants240,000 m3/d
DESIGN of WWTPs - TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
CANNES – French Riviera : 300,000 Inhabitants
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 8
Compact WWTPs require 2 to 5times less Surface than conventional
ones
Reduction of LandRequirements
& Associated Costs
Reduction of Nuisances(Noise, Odours)
ArchitecturalIntegration
COMPACTNESS
PossibleConstruction of
WWTPsin
City Centers
Significant savingsin Main Interceptors
Nice’s WWTP220,000 m3/d
COMPACTNESS is a FANTASTIC DRIVER for DESIGNOPTIMIZATION
Busan Korea126,000 m3/d
Minimized Operation Cost
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 9
COMPACT TECHNOLOGIES in water lines*
Huge development of compact technologies in the pastdecades and still evolving for:
Primary sedimentation
Biological treatmentwith activated sludge (suspended growth biomass),
including SBR and MBRwith attached growth biomass (Biofilters, MBBR)
or with mixed processes (IFAS / MBBR)
Rain water treatment
* Sludge treatment is not very surface consuming(except solar drying, composting, …)
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 10
HYDRAULIC LOADS for PRIMARY SETTLING TANKS… and TERTIARY
Conventional With lamellar Modules*Clarifiers Without coagulants With coagulants
Surface 3 to 5 m3/m2.h 20 m3/m2.h 30 to 100 m3*/m2.h forloading domestic sewagerates depending on theat peak flow application
** storm conditions
* and optimised hydraulics SEDIPAC DENSADEG
DEGREMONT PRODUCTS
3 to 10 times more compact
Sludge recirculation:it improves the flocculation
Thickened sludgeextraction
TreatedwaterRaw
Water
Flocculation:mixing tank: mixing of the polymerplug tank: the flocs become heavier
Clarification:heaviest flocs settlelightest flocs are retained in the lamellae
Coagulation:formation of thesmall flocs
The DENSADEGTM
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 11
Discontinuous process : Cyclor® : all in one
Clarifier
Biological sequenced treatement :CYCLOR®
+Biological tank
A conventional treatment in one step :Degremont SBR - Cyclor
Continuous process : 2 separated works (biologicaltreatment and clarification)
2013 13
DESIGN : 415 000 PE75 000– 130 000 m3/d
7 200m3/hStart 2011
DESIGN : 415 000 PE75 000– 130 000 m3/d
7 200m3/hStart 2011
Water line Pumping station 12 m3/s with screens Pretreatment 6 m3/s (Grit & Grease)
File 1 (2 m3/s) : Cyclor® (2x4 cells – 2000 m2 each) File 2 (CSO, 4 m3/s) : Densadeg 2D100
Sludge line : GDE
Filter press Incinération with Thermylis Odor removal Azurair C
LE HAVRE - (76, France)
Balance 1/3/13 – 1/11/13
ParameterAverage
Inlet(mg/L)
Average outlet (mg/L)
data Target
TSS 229 5 15
BOD5 211 4 20
TN 49 6.5 10
TP 5.3 0.6 1
One of the 85 Cyclor reference : Le Havre - France
2013 14
Elementsare grouped
incassettes
Fibres areassembled in
elements
Activated sludge is separated from interstitial treated water byULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES
- No final sedimentationvery significant surface gain
- High quality of treated waterin SS, Turbidity, Faecal Coliforms,Phosphorus, SDI
- Ideal for Reuse Applications inIrrigation or Combined with DownstreamReverse Osmosis (R.O.) if TDS reductionrequested
MBRBiological Treatment with Activated Sludge
Development of The MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS
Opposite Trends: WATER QUALITY vs CARBON FOOTPRINT
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Example: PARIS WWTP / ACHERES – a MBR for 300 MLD
2013 15
A CASE STUDY
Current Status:
A conventional WWTP
Built over 70 years invarious stages
Non integrated in theregion
Odour nuisances
Bad impact onneighbourhood- claims- devaluation of real estate
values
The biggest WWTP in Europe > 2 millions m3/day
GREAT PARIS / ACHERES (North West)
70 m3/s in Storm Conditions
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 16
The FUTUREApprox. 10 Years of Works
Complete rehabilitation of the site Nuisances ZERO Environmental INTEGRATION COMPLETE RECOVERYof the real estate value in theneighbourhood
A pretreatment passing 70 m3/s(Storm peak)
A biological treatment passing up to2,200 MLD with a peak of 51 m3/s
Biological filtration +MBR for 300 MLD
GREAT PARIS / ACHERES (NORTH WEST)
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
The largest in the World
2013 17
BIOFORTM
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT with attached growth biomassRecent Trends:• Biofiltration
a biological reactor with an aerobic / or anoxic biomassattached to a fine granular media 2.7 to 4.5 mmacting as a filterno final clarification
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Degrémont BIOFOR
BIOFOR CBIOFOR NBIOFOR DN
2013 18
References in the World are very numerous > 100
BIOFILTRATION: OSLO (Norway)– Built in rock caverns
400,000 m3/d
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 19
BIOFILTRATION – References in the world are very numerous
DALIAN – China / 120,000 m3/d
XIAMEN – China / 300,000 m3/d
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Some in CHINA
2013 20
Another Example: PARIS CENTRAL WWTP(Colombes) - France
•32,400 m² underground•13,000 m² above ground
BOD5 pollution equivalent to 2.2 millioninhabitants in storm conditions.
1,000,000 m3/d in stormconditions
A CASE STUDY WITH STORM WATERTREATMENT
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
The WWTP
2013 21
COLOMBES WWTP – PARIS’ CENTRAL WWTP
Capacity: 240,000 m3/d in Dryweather
1,035,000 m3/d in Stormconditions
About 1 million Inhabitants
Commissioned in 1998
Ambitious Objectives•Flexible Treatment•Fully urbanized Background•Zero nuisances (odour, noise)•Limitation of space•Fine architectural design
•3 sludge's disposal routes :– Dewatered or ashes– incineration, road and boat
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 22
MOVING BED BIOREACTORS MBBRMeteor 660 type *
• Protected surface: 660 m²/m3
• Diameter: 12.2 mm• Length: 12.0 mm• Material: HDPE* Two other types existing 450 and 515 m²/m3
METEORas carrier
2 possible ways:
• IFASIntegrated Fixed filmActivated Sludge process
• MBBRMoving Bed BioReactor
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 23
MBBR Configurations for CARBON and NITROGEN REMOVAL
Dissolved Air Flotation
Microscreening – 10 µ
Other type of microscreening– 10 µ
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
GREENDAF
COMPACKBLUE D
COMPACKBLUE M
• MBBR— All biological stages C, N, DN with attached growth
biomass on METEOR
Associated with very compact final separation stages— High rate Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)— Microstraining
2013 24
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Some references with METEOR:
– USA:• GROTON (Connecticut) 23,000 m3/d• FALLING CREEK (Virginia) 7,000 m3/d• PROCTORS CREEK (Virginia) 5,000 m3/d• EAST PROVIDENCE (Rhode Island) 54,000 m3/d
– BANGLADESH• DHAKA 474,000 m3/d
MBBR for Nitrification in DW(15-20 mg/L NH4)
2013 25
RAIN WEATHER applications (Combined Sewers)
Many possibilities depending on:
• Hydraulic peak factorsPF 3, 4, 5 … or higher
• Tertiary treatment with Phosphorus precipitation, if any
• Biological treatment of Rain / Storm water or not
• Trend: Environmental Protection 100% of Time
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 26
SOME CASE STUDIES with Applications
For DENSADEG and BIOFILTERS
• Example of MERU and LIMOGES (France) with TertiaryDensadeg in DWF turned into WWF Settling Tanks
• Example of PARIS / Colombes with Primary Densadegfollowed by BIOFILTERS Treating CARBON in WWFconditions
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 27
Example : WWTP of Meru
dry weatherrunning
wet weatherrunning
biological treatment
lifting station
DENSADEGCSO 2D 100
biological treatmentlifting station
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
Tertiary Treatment (P removal)
WWF Clarification
High Velocity *
* At lamellar surface
2013 28
Transition from tertiary to primary CSO
Meru, France October 16th, 2002
DensaDeg® High-Rate Clarifier/Thickener
TSS COD(t) COD(s) BOD5 TKN Total PAvg. Influent mg/l 277.6 325.1 39.2 70.5 17 2.5Avg. Effluent mg/l 21.2 54.7 33 10.5 11.1 0.6
92% 83% 16% 85% 35% 76%
PARAMETERS
PERCENT REMOVAL
Plant Size - 2000 m3/h
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
75 m3/m².h -
25 m3/m².h -
2013 29
Example : WWTP of Limoges
pretreatment
DENSADEG Tertiary
DENSADEG Tertiary
biological treatment
dry weather runningstormwater treatment
lifting stationwet weather
on standby of a biological line
DENSADEG 2D 100
lifting stationdry weather
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
High velocity *
* At lamellar surface
2013 30
Example: COLOMBES – PARIS’ Central WWTP
CONFIGURATION with WET WEATHERPeak flow of 1,035,000 m3/d
TN and TP objectives are abandonedTurbocompressors
Pretreatment C.E.P.TBIO 1st BIO 2nd BIO 3rd
FeCl3
Poly
9 Densadeg140 m² Carbon Removal
24 filtersof 104 m²
29 filters of 111 m²
12 filters of 104 m²
BOD5 35 mg/l
SS 30 mg/l
WATER LINE2. COMPACTNESS and Induced advantages
2013 31
MICROPOLLUTANTSMetals, Organic Compounds (pharmaceuticals and personal careproducts, pesticides, industry compounds, solvents andsurfactants, emerging contaminants, …)
very low concentrations (µg/L, ng/L)
but toxic effects on Environment (endocrine disruptors)and on potential drinking water sources (water tables, rivers)
Treated water qualityis adapted
Drinking WaterTP
Town BRIVER
Many Countries practice an indirect recycling for drinking water production
WATER LINE3. EMERGING MICROPOLLUTANTS in Sewage Water
2013 32
• Secondary treatments 75-80% removal (average)*(if SS/BOD5 20-30 mg/L)
• Not sufficient Tertiary or Quaternary treatmentsnecessary (in most of cases)
• Solutions:– Extensive phyto remediation– Adsorption (Active Carbon)– Oxidation (O3 with catalyst) (if necessary)– Membranes (NF or RO)
Possible combinations
Treatments
WATER LINE3. MICROPOLLUTANTS in Sewage Water
* Very variable according to micropollutants family
2013 33
A second life for water
EASY and CHEAP
-All technical tools - Additional costs are generallyare available limited unless Reverse osmosis
is involved for reducing salinity
-Recently UF membranesBrought new prospects
but linked to very regional conditions climate, distance between theWWTP and the end user, …
WATER LINE4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…
2013 34
CONVENTIONALACTIVATED SLUDGE T.P.
FLOW DIAGRAMS without REVERSE OSMOSIS
M3+
PST SSTAT CoagulationSand
Filtration Disinfection
Ultrafiltration SafetyDisinfection
BOD5 < 20 mg/lSS < 20 mg/lTN < 10 mg/l
SecondaryTreatment
PST MBR SafetyDisinfection
UF MembraneBioreactor
Cl2
Irrigation
Irrigation
DOHA West (Qatar)135 MLD
DOHA Lusail (Qatar)60 MLD
Irrigation
BOD5 < 10 mg/lSS < 5 mg/lTN < 9 mg/l
BOD5 < 5 mg/lSS < 1 mg/lTN < 8-9 mg/l
BOD5 < 5 mg/lSS < 1 mg/lTN < 8-9 mg/l
WATER LINE4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…
2013 35
A case study in USA - West Basin (California): 110,000 m3/dCl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
Cl2
CoagulationFlocculation
Disinfection
FiltrationDisinfection
Disinfection
Disinfection
Disinfection
DisinfectionBiofilterBiofor®N
Filter washwaterDensadeg®
RO
RO
RO
RO
UF/MF
UF/MF
Lime Accelator®
Chlorination
Chlorination
Multimedia filter
Title 22IrrigationUrban non potable uses
Refinery :Low pressure boiler
High pressure boiler
Cooling tower
35% 65% MDW
Potable uses :Groundwater recharge
Hyp
erio
n W
TP (L
OS
ANG
ELES
)
22 000 m3/d
28 000m3/d
9 500m3/d
19 000m3/d
56 700m3/d
WATER LINE4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…
2013 36
West Basin
Los AngelesAirport
GolfRefinery
Since 1995: 110,000 m3/d
Total capacity expected: 340,000 m3/d
Operated by United Water (Suez Environnement)
WATER LINE4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…
2013 37
Compakblue M Compakblue D Aquazur V Greendaf
SeparationOut-in
pile fiber clothmedia filtration
In-outfine woven clothmedia filtration
Down flowsand filtration
(1-1.5m)Dissolved air flotation
P precipitation No No Little (< 0.5 mg P/L) Yes
Velocity (m/h) 250 gTSS/h/m2or 8 m/h
350 gTSS/h/m2or 8 m/h 15 m/h 25 m/h
Global headloss (mWC) 0.7 0.7 2.5 0.7Extracted sludge conc.
(g/L) 0.5 1 0.3 15
TSS outlet (tertiary) 6 mg/L 10 mg/L 5-10 mg/L 10 mg/L
TSS outlet (meteor) 30 mg/L* 30 mg/L* - 15-20 mg/L*
Required footprint (m2)/ m2 filtration area 0.2 0.2 1.6 2
Disc filter : Compackblue serie : alternative to conventional sand filter
WATER LINE4. Reuse of Treated Water for Irrigation, Cooling Circuits…