3 a Jungian Analytical Theory

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Jungian AnalyticalTheory

Topic 3



Background

• Carl Gustav Jung (26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) – Kesswil, a Swiss county.

• The 4th & only surviving child of Paul Achilles &

Emilie Preiswerk.

• Father – a poor rural pastor in a small SwissReformed Church.

• Mother – came from a wealthy, establishedSwiss family.

• A solitary & introverted child.



• A number of childhood memories had made alife-long impression on him.

• Mother was largely down with depression.

• Early schooling years – at the Humanistisches

Gymnasium in Basel.• Completed medical studies – attached to

Burghoslzli (Burgholzli) Hospital in Zurich,Switzerland.

• Worked as a psychiarist – treating patientssuffering from schizophrenia, while alsoconducting word association research.



• 1904 – Jung started his correspondence withFreud.

• Started using Freud’s psychoanalytic

treatment with his patients.

• 1906 – Upon Freud invitation, joined him atVienna & they began to work closely together.

• Jung was Freud’s the best known member of

the group that formed the core of the earlypsychoanalytic movement.



• In the beginning, they held in common anunderstanding of the profound role of the

unconscious, but later began to diverge.

• 1913, after Jung’s publication of a major article

on the psychology of the unconscious which

emphasized the role symbolism (Jung, 1912);their relationship suffered and turned sour.

• Jung’s primary disagreement with Freud

stemmed from their differing concepts of theconscious.



• He married Emma Ranschenbach in 1903.

• She died in 1955.• They had 5 children.

• Jung’s work convinced him that life has a

spiritual purpose beyond material goals whichhelped him to form some of his later keyconcepts, including integrating spirituality into

daily life & appreciation of the unconscious.



Major Concepts

• Although some of Jung's structural terms weredrawn from the Freudian psychoanalyticlexicon of the day, they are not necessarily

used in the same way.

• In the Freudian conceptualization, ego refers toa psychic structure which mediates between

society (superego) and instinctual drives (id).Jung‘s usage is in contrast to this.



Major Concepts

• For Jung the ego is both conscious andunconscious aspects and is at the same timepersonal and collective.

• Simply put, too simply perhaps, the ego is howone sees oneself, along with the consciousand unconscious feelings that accompany thatview (Hopcke, 1989, p. 77).

• Psyche – Your mind + your deepest feelings +attitudes.



Major Concepts

• A major part of the ego's task -- and a majorgoal of psychotherapy -- is to develop anappropriate relationship with what Jung termedthe Self, the archetype of wholeness.

• The Self can be understood as the centralorganizing principle of the psyche, thatfundamental and essential aspect of human

personality which gives cohesion, meaning,direction, and purpose to the whole psyche.



Major Concepts

• Resting (for the most part) close to the surfaceof the unconscious are those personalattributes and elements of experience which

have been excluded from the ego, usuallybecause of parental and societal disapproval.

• These elements are known as the shadow,

and they tend to be projected on less favoredindividuals and groups.



Major Concepts

• While in general these qualities are negativeones, the shadow may also contain positiveaspects which the individual has been unableto own.

• Some of these qualities may be disparaged bythe individual's family and/or peers with labelssuch as unmanly (anima), unfeminine(animus), weak, or childish.



Major Concepts

• Finally, the persona -- the Greek word for anactor's mask -- is the face shown to others. Itreveals certain selected aspects of the

individual and hides others.• A well-developed individual may have several

personae appropriate to business and socialsituations. The problem comes not in having apersona but in identifying with it.



Major Concepts

• Jung’s work with patients' dreams, theappearance of symbols which seemed to havelittle or no personal meaning for the dreamerand yet which often had great emotional

charge.

• He observed that many of these symbols hadappeared again and again throughout history

in mythology, religion, fairy tales, alchemicaltexts, and other forms of creative expression.



Major Concepts

• Jung became convinced that the source of thissymbolic material was what he identified asthe collective unconscious, a pool ofexperience accessible to all humans through

history which lies below the personalunconscious.

• The archetypes were, for Jung, "typical modes

of expression“ – expressed, comprehendedand relevance in the way personalexperiences are organized.



Jung’s Psychotherapy

• A primary aim of Jungianpsychotherapy/analysis is to establish anongoing relationship between consciousness(ego) and the unconscious, between what ishappening in the unconscious and what istaking place in day-to-day life.

• Jungian theory understands the psyche ascontaining a drive toward balance andwholeness.




• In psychotherapy, this unconscious materialgradually manifests itself symbolically indreams, in products of active imagination, andin the transference/counter-transference

relationship between therapist and patient.

• The process of individuation - the psyche,differentiating and incorporating the various

elements of the personal unconscious andestablishing access to the collectiveunconscious.




• This transformation of the personality requirescoming to terms with the unconscious, itsspecific structures and their dynamic relationsto consciousness as these become available

during the course of analysis.

• Given an adequate relationship, setting, andtime, the client's psyche tends toward healing

itself.



Your Task For This Topic :

• Read more on Jungian Theory.

• Compare and contrast this theory with Freud’s

Psychoanalytic Theory and Adlerian Theory.

3 a Jungian Analytical Theory

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