3-28-12 How do we determine a sequence of events for rock layers?
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Transcript of 3-28-12 How do we determine a sequence of events for rock layers?
3-28-12How do we determine a sequence of events
for rock layers? Do Now:1. What is original horizontality,
superposition, and uniformitarianism?2. What is contact metamorphism?3. Take out your review book, a piece of
paper, and a PENCIL
HW: R&H 278-282 A&E 1-20
Exceptions to Superposition Overturned folds or
thrust faults can upset the law of superposition. (The oldest rock layers are no longer on the bottom).
Rocks layers usually fold before they fault
New TermsInclusion – a body of older
rock inside an intrusion which did not melt when the intrusion formed
Cross Cutting –Cross cuts are always younger then the rock they cut through. (Faults, Intrusions, Veins)
Unconformities - buried erosional surfaces which show that there are rocks missing (or a gap) from the record.
Correlation of Rock Layers (p.281) Lateral Continuity – sediments
are initially deposited in a horizontal fashion extending out in all directions
Exposed bedrock is called an outcrop
Index Fossil – a fossil used to help date rock age. Must have existed over a wide area for a short period of time
Volcanic Ash and Meteorite Deposits – can be used to date rock age based on the same requirements as index fossils (rapidly deposited over a large area.)
3-30-12Aim: How do we correlate rock layers?
Do Now:1. What is an inclusion?2. What are the two aspects of a good
index fossil?3. Why are volcanic ash and meteorite
deposits good time markers?
HW: Finish Matching Rock Layers Lab.
4-3-12What is the geologic history of NYS?
• Do Now:• 1. How do we know about earth’s geologic
history?• 2. What are the steps to an unconformity?
• HW- R&H pp.284-294, A&E #21-52.
Aim: How do we give rocks Absolute Ages?
Do Now:1. What is the geologic
history of NYS chart based on?
2. If I find a coelophysis fossil in a NYS rock. How old is it in years, what time period is it from and where in NYS did I find it?
HW: Complete all questions in Topic 13.
4/7/11
Radioactive Decay-allows us to give rocks absolute age. An atom is made of a
nucleus with protons(+) and neutrons. It is surrounded by electron shells(-).
Elements can have heavier versions of atoms called isotopes where there are extra neutrons in the nucleus.
Isotopes are unstable and decay into different elements overtime in order to become stable. This is called radioactive decay or disintegration.
Half Life A Half Life is the time it
takes for half the atoms in an unstable isotope to turn into a stable element. The length of a half life never changes and is therefore useful in predicting the absolute age of rocks.
Different isotopes have different length half lives.
Radioactive Dating You can use the ratio of
original isotope to disintegration product to estimate the absolute age of a rock.
Rocks with shorter half lives are used to date more recent events and vice versa.
Carbon 14 can date once living remains and rocks up to 50,000 years old.
Aim: How have Earth’s environment and Life on Earth changed over time?
Do Now:1. Half Life Worksheet2. Can anything effect
the rate of a half life?
3. Take out review books
HW: R&H 291-295 A&E 47-52 (Lab if Lab Day)
Crash Course in Evolution The first life on Earth occurred about 4 billion years ago Because of chemical mutations, sexual reproduction, and a many
other reasons all life has variation The environment acts on these variations and selects organisms
with the best traits for that environment (Natural Selection – THERE IS NO PURPOSE TO EVOLUTION)
Over time this selection changes the way a given set of organisms will look and behave and this selection can create new types of organisms.
Lets Look at the ESRT to see how the Earth and Life have changed over time
Some things to keep in mind: Fossils give us evidence about Earth’s past
environment Plate Tectonics have caused changes in
Earth’s environment globally and locally Evolution is rapid after an extinction event