1

I am Im I am not Im not Am I

He hes He He isnt He

She is shes She is not She inst Is She

It its It It isnt It

We were we We arent We

You are youre you are not You arent Are You

They theyre they They arent They

Am/is/are son formas del presente del verbo be -> ser estar.

Es necesario usar los pronombres personales -> I/He/She/It.

Thats theres heres

*Thats very kind of you -> es muy amable

*Heres my keys

Otras formas interrogativas comunes:

Where..? What..? How? Why?

*where is your mother?

*how much are these postcards?

*whats the time

*whos that man?

En ingls se usa con frecuencia las respuestas breves

*Are you angry? -> Yes, I am

Algunas expresiones con Be corresponden a formas del espaol con tener

Tengo fro/calor

*Im hot. Can I open the window? -> Tengo calor, puedo abrir la ventana?

2

*Are yo cold? No Im OK -> tienes fro? No, estoy bien

Tengo hambre/sed

*Im not hungry -> No tengo hambre

*the children are thirsty -> Los nios tienen sed

Tengo razn

*You are always right -> Siempre tienes razn

Tengo miedo

*Why is John afraid of dogs? -> Por qu John tiene miedo de los perros?

Tengo prisa

*Are you in a hurry? -> Tienes prisa?

Para decir la edad

*Im 23 years old -> tengo 23 aos

*How old are you? -> cuntos aos tienes?

Hay otras formas diferentes del ingls al espaol

Me interesa

*Im interested in politics -> me interesa la poltica.

*Jenny isnt very interested in music -> A Jenny no le interesa la msica.

Llegar tarde

*sorry Im late -> lo siento, llego tarde

*Why are you late? -> Por qu llegas tarde?

Duerme/ est dormido

*Joe is in bed. Hes asleep -> duerme/ est durmiendo

Hace calor/fro/sol/buen da

*Its sunny but it isnt very hot -> hace sol, pero no hace calor

*Is it cold? -> Hace calor?

3

Am/is/are + verbo-ing: es un hecho o una accin en curso, tambin para planes de futuro muy seguros.

I am (not) -ing am I

He He

She is (not) -ing Is She

It It -ing

We We

You are (not) -ing are You

They they

Who/where/why + Am/is /are + verbo-ing?

*Im working -> estoy trabajando

*Is it rainning? -> est lloviendo?

*Were having dinner now -> nosotros estamos cenando

Del ingls al espaol hay casos diferentes:

*They are sitting -> estn sentados

*Shes standing -> ella est de pie

*Brians lying in the sun -> Brian est tumbado al sol

Hay ciertos verbos que al aadir ing cambian su forma:

*Para los verbos que terminan con la letra e, se cambia la ltima letra por el gerundio "ing"

Drive -< driving come -< coming

Write -< writing move -< moving

Live -< living dance -< dancing

4

*Para los verbos que tienen solo una vocal y terminan en consonante, se debe repetir o duplicar la ltima consonante, seguido despus de un "ing"

Dig -< digging Plan -< planning

Swim -< swimming Sit -< sitting

Win -< winning Cut -< cutting

*La duplicacin de consonantes tambin depende de la slaba tnica (Slaba que se pronuncia con mayor intensidad). Por lo tanto podemos duplicar el ltimo consonante de un verbo siempre y cuando la slaba tnica del verbo (monoslabo o no) se encuentre al final.

prefer < preferring happen -< happening

begin < beginning listen -< listening

forget -< forgetting

*Los verbos que terminan en ie, son cambiados por "y" seguido por "ing"

Die -< dying

Lie -< lying

*Para los verbos que terminan en una vocal seguida de una doble consonante o una doble vocal seguida de una consonante, aadimos "ing"

Cook -< cooking Think -< thinking Sleep -< sleeping

Wait -< waiting Work -< working

Count -< counting Eat -< eating

5

Se usa para expresar acciones o cosas que son verdades, o bien que ocurren con cierta frecuencia.

I/We/you/they + verbo

He/She/It + verbo-s * My brother Works in a bank

Para el verbo have -> He/She/It -> has

Ortografa s en los verbos

=< destrs de s/-ch/-sh: pass-> passes finish-> finishes watch-> watches

-es =< destrs de Y: study-> studies carry-< carries

=< detrs de o: do-> does go-> goes

El presente simple se usa con always/ never / often / sometimes / usually

*I usually go to work by car but I sometimes walk

*julia never eats breakfast

Negacin:

I

We * I dont drink tea

You dont verbo inf *she doesnt know many people

They

He/she/it doesnt

Interrogacin: do/does + sujeto + verbo infinitivo?

Where How often what How much

do does

I/we/you/they She/He/It

Verbo infinitivo

???

Posicin de always/usually/often:

6

What Do Does Do

you Chris you

always often usually

have play do

breakfast? tennis? ?

expresa algo que est ocurriendo ahora

expresa algo que corre habitualmente o con cierta frecuencia

No uses los siguientes verbos en presente continuo:

Like Love Want Know Understand Remember Depend Prefer Hate Need Mean Believe Forget

7

got=tengo I I Ive got

We have We have got Weve got

You You Youve got

They They Theyve got

He/She/It -> has He/She/It -> has got Hes got

*Ive got blue eyes I have blue eyes -> tengo los ojos azules

I I?

We Havent have We?

You got You? got

They They?

He/She/It -> hasnt has -> He/She/It?

*What kind of car has she got? -> Qu tipo de coche tiene?

*Its a nice house but it hasnt got garden

Tambin puede ser: I dont have/ do you have?

Tanto has como is se contraen en s

*Its a small flat but its got a nice view

8

Am/is (presente) -> was (pasado) Are (presente) -> Were (pasado)

I I I?

He/She/It was He/She/It wasnt Was He/She/It?

We We We?

You were You werent Were You?

They They They?

*My sister was in Paris las weekend

*Why were you angry?

En algunas expresiones was/were puede corresponder a tena/tenamos hizo:

*When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs

*Last year she was 22

*Was the weather good?

9

Al verbo (regular) se le aade ed

Work-> worked clean -> cleaned start -> started

Stay -> stayed arrive -> arrived dance -> danced

Try -> tried study -> studied copy -> copied

Stop -> stopped plan -> planned

Slo pronunciamos la E- despus de una t d

I/we/you/they Verbo-ed

He/she/it

Negacin Interrogacin

I I

We did not we

You didnt + verbo (inf) did you + verbo (inf)?

They they

He/she/it he/she/it

-I didnt watch television yesterday -> Yo no vi la television ayer

-Did she go away last week? -> se fu ella de viaje la semana pasada?

-Did you do the shopping? -> hicistes las compras?

10

be Was/were been Ser estar

arise arose arisen surgir

awake awoke awoken despertar(se)

bear bore borne soportar

beat beat beaten golpear

become became become convertirse en

begin began begun empezar

bend bent bent doblar(se)

bet bet bet apostar

bid bid bid pujar

bind bound bound encuadernar

bite bit bitten morder

bleed bled bled sangrar

blow blew blown soplar

break broke broken romper

breed bred bred criar

bring brought brought traer

build built built construir

burn burnt burnt quemar(se)

burst burst burst estallar

buy bought bought comprar

can could could poder

cast cast cast tirar

catch caught caught coger

11

choose chose chosen elegir

cling clung clung aferrarse

come came come venir

cost cost cost costar

creep crept crept arrastrar

cut cut cut cortar

deal dealt dealt tratar

dig dug dug cavar

do did done hacer

draw drew drawn dibujar

dream dreamt dreamt soar

drink drank drunk beber

drive drove driven conducir

eat ate eaten comer

fall fell fallen caer(se)

feed fed fed alimentar

feel felt felt sentirse

fight fought fought pelearse

find found found encontrar

flee fled fled huir

fly flew flown volar

forbid forbade forbidden prohibir

forget forgot forgotten olvidar(se)

forgive forgave forgiven perdonar

freeze froze frozen helar(se)

12

get got got conseguir

give gave given dar

go went gone irse

grind ground ground moler

grow grew grown crecer

hang hung hung colgar

have had had haber, tener

hear heard heard escuchar

hide hid hidden esconder(se)

hit hit hit golpear

hold held held agarrar(se)

hurt hurt hurt hacer dao

keep kept kept guardar

kneel knelt knelt arrodillarse

know knew known saber, conocer

lay laid laid poner

lead led led llevar

lean leant leant apoyarse

leap leapt leapt brincar

learn learnt learnt aprender

leave left left dejar

lend lent lent prestar

let let let permitir

lie lay lain echarse

light lit lit encender(se)

13

lose lost lost perder

make made made hacer

mean meant meant significar

meet met met encontrar(se)

must Had to Had to deber

overcome overcame overcome vencer

pay paid paid pagar

put put put poner

read read read leer

ride rode ridden montar

ring rang rung sonar

rise rose risen levantarse

run ran run correr

saw sawed sawn serrar

say said said decir

see saw seen ver

seek sought sought buscar

sell sold sold vender(se)

send sent sent enviar

set set set poner

sew sewed sewn coser

shake shook shaken agitar

shear sheared shorn esquilar

shine shone shone brillar

shoot shot shot disparar

14

show showed shown mostrar

shrink shrank shrunk encoger(se)

shut shut shut cerrar(se)

sing sang sung cantar

sink sank sunk hundir(se)

sit sat sat sentar(se)

sleep slept slept dormir

slide slid slid resbalar

smell smelt smelt oler

sow sowed sown sembrar

speak spoke spoken hablar

speed sped sped acelerar

spell spelt spelt deletrear

spend spent spent pasar, gastar

spill spilt spilt derramar

spit spat spat escupir

split split split hender

spoil spoilt spoilt estropear(se)

spread spread spread extender(se)

stand stood stood estar de pie

steal stole stolen robar

stick stuck stuck pegar(se)

sting stung stung picar

stink stank stunk apestar

strike struck struck golpear

15

strive strove striven esforzarse

swear swore sworn jurar

swell swelled Swollen/ed Hinchar(se)

sweep swept swept barrer

swim swam swum nadar

swing swung swung balancear(se)

take took taken tomar(se)

teach taught taught ensear

tear tore torn romper(se)

tell told told contar, decir

think thought thought pensar

throw threw thrown lanzar

tread trod trodden pisar

undergo underwent undergone sufrir

understand understood understood entender

upset upset upset afligir

wake woke woken despertar(se)

wear wore worn llevar (puesto)

weave wove woven tejer

weep wept wept llorar

win won won ganar

wind wound wound enrollar

withdraw withdrew withdrawn retirar(se)

wring wrung wrung torcer

write wrote written escribir

16

Was/Were + verbo-ing: para expresar lo que ocurra o estaba ocurriendo en el pasado.

Afirmacin Negacin Interrogacin

I I I

She/he/it was She/he/it wasnt Was She/he/it

We V-ing We V-ing We V-ing Were were You werent Were You

They They They

*what were you doing at 11.30 yesterday?

*what did he say? , I dont know, I wasnt listening.

We use the P.C to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted

-I was studying when she called

P.C Conexin P.S

While

17

Have + participio pasado

We use the P.P to say that an action happened or an unspecified time before now the exact time is not important.

We dont use specific time expressions yesterday, one year ago, last week

We can use the P.P with unspecific time expressions: ever, many, never, times, already

I

We Have (ve) Verbo

You havent + Participio

They Pasado

He/She/It has (s) hasnt

- I have seen that films twenty times - There have been many earthquake in California - I havent eaten snails before - Have you ever been to Australia?

Changes over time

- You daughter has grown a lot since last year, now she is taller than me

Accomplishments (logros)

- Humans have walked on the moon

Have you ever?

Ever (anytime in your life until now)

- Have you ever been to London? - No, Ive (have) never been to London.

18

Diferencia entre: I have been/ I have gone

Been -> has ido y has vuelto

Gone -> an no has vuelto.

Just already still yet

Ive just -> pasado inmediato -> acabar de

- They have just arrived - He has just gone

Already -> Si,ya (antes de lo esperado), para decir que algo ya ha ocurrido. Se coloca entre el auxiliar y el verbo.

- John, this is Mary - Yes, I know. We have already met

Yet -> En frases negaticas => notyet: an, todava, se coloca al final de la frase

- They havent arrived yet

-> En frases interrogativas => yet? ya? - Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?

Still -> Para decir que algo todava no ha ocurrido, se coloca antes del auxiliar

- I still havent visited London - I am still studying at school

Still not, es ms sobre el pasado y Not yet sbre el futuro.

19

Usamos for y since -> para decir cunto tiempo

For => Seala cunto tiempo dura una accin. Introduce un perodo de tiempo (three days / two years/ weeks/ an hour/ a long time)

- Weve been waiting for two hours

Since => Introduce el comienzo de la accin, equivale a desde. (Monday/ 1987/ 24 july/ Winter)

- Richard has been in Canada since January