Kingdom of Cambodia (1993-Present)

Instructor: Dr. Chen ChanratanaKhmer Studies I - 101.01

January 13, 2014

Group members

Phanara Mao

Ngov Seng

Nivatana Phea

Ibrogim Aripov

Fong Ty

Marideth Rithya

Kesorkol Heng

Contents

• Environment Today

• Hospitality and Tourism Today

• International Relationship and Social Issues Today

• Religion and Belief , and Social Issues Today

• Population and Migration

• Trafficking Issues and Suggestion

• Economic Today

• Political Situation Today

Environment (1993-Present)

Main point:

• Cambodia after 1993

• Complex environment

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Affect to economic

• Solution

Cambodia after 1993

• Landmine

Complex environment

• Over fishing

• Water pollution

• Air pollution

• Soil erosion

Main issues

•Air pollution•Water pollution

Air Pollution

•Burning fossil fuel

Emission from factory

Water pollution

Wastewater leaves the Boeng Trobek

•Drainage system and wastewater

Affect to economic:

•Extra cost for people•Extra cost for government

Solution:

•Strengthen the law of environment•Repair or enlarge the drainage’s system•Give lecture to citizen

International Relation

Foreign Relations

Foreign Relations of Cambodia

• The United States

• The United Kingdom

• France

• As well all Asian neighbors: • People’s Republic of China, • India • Vietnam • Laos • South Korea • North Korea• Thailand

China

• The bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the People’s Republic of China have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War, during which China had supported the Khmer Rouge against Vietnam.

Laos

• 15 June 1956

North Korea

•  Cambodia–North Korea relations refers to the bilateral ties between Cambodia and North Korea. North Korea has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Vietnam

• Since the 1990s, relations between both nations have begun to improve.

India

• Relations between India and Cambodia goes back to ancient times. India's influence in Cambodia is visible from the Hindu-style temples of Angkor Wat to written Khmer, which is a derivative of Sanskrit and Pali script from South India.

• Between 1986 and 1993 and spent around four million dollars during this conservation.

Japan

• Japan to Cambodia: 14.0 billion yen (2006)

• Cambodia to Japan: 9.5 billion yen (2006)

The United State

• From 1993 to 2008, the United Stated provided Cambodia with over $500 million of assistance to help to reduce poverty and foster economic growth

• Following the factional fighting in July 1997, US legislation prohibited bilateral assistance to the government

Tourism

Top Destination

Advantages

• The benefits that have a lot of tourism because it can increase the income (Government and Citizens).

• Increase Government’s budget, leading higher GDP

• Increasing job opportunities, leading lower unemployment

• Expanding culture and History of Cambodia to the world

• Attracting more investors, leading more jobs

• To fame Cambodia into international recognition

• Encourage and stir Cambodian citizenship

Population and Migration

Population and Migration

• Population• Ethnic• Migration

Population

• On March 3th, 1998 Cambodian government conducted a general population census on

Cambodian population:

• Result: population of Cambodia in 1998 was 11,437,656 (approximately 51.8 percent was female

and 48.2 percent was male)

• The National Institute of Statistic (NIS) conducted an Inter-Census Population Survey in

2004:

• Result: population of Cambodia in 2004 was 12.824 million people (about 51.7 percent was female

and 48.3 percent was male)

Population (Cont.)

• In 2008, the NIS has conducted the general population census on Cambodian

population:

• Result: population of Cambodia in March, 2008 was 13,395,682; 6,516,054

was male and

6,879,628 was female and 2,614,027 lived in urban area and 10,781,655 lived in

rural area.

Ethnic Group

• Among the total population of Cambodia, about 90% are central Khmer.

• The rest of the total population are ethnic group:• Chinese 1% (Teochew, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hainanese, and Hakka)• Vietnamese 5%• Cham or Khmer Muslim 1.5%• Tai (Thai, Lao, Shan, Kula)• Khmer Loeu (Somre, Phnong, Stieng, Tampuan, Rhade, Kuy, and Jarai)• And others (Korean, Japanese, European,……..)

Migration

• Migration of Cambodian is classified into two types: internal and external migration.

• External migration:

• Most of external migrant are labors ( to Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia,….)

• Work in many sector: agriculture, fishing, construction, entertainment,….

• Internal migration:• From country side to urban area, urban area to country side, country side to country side and

from urban area to urban area• Due to the NIS data in 2004 about 35% of total population are migrants.• Migrants among the urban population represented the about 56.23%, whereas the percentage

of rural migrants represent only 31.37% of the rural population.

Traffic in Cambodia

Traffic

• First of all lets see some accident in Phnom • Penh and also There are several main factors that cause traffic accidents in

Cambodia nowadays.

• The first serious factor which causes traffic accidents in Cambodia is high speed and careless driving.

Cause of Traffic Accident

This kind of accident usually happens when the drivers speed up their vehicle or do something else such as:

• talk on phone• sleepy• think about other things during their drive.

Cause of Traffic Accident (Cont.)

• 287 cases of traffic accidents were caused by high speed and careless driving, which is about one third of all traffic accidents in Cambodia last year.

• Drunk driving is the second major factor that causes traffic accidents. The drivers who get drunk cannot concentrate on their driving which can lead them to get an accident easily.

• Talk on phone-third one is talking on phone which you can make accident easily.

• The third factor that causes accidents is that the drivers don’t obey the traffic laws and respect the priority right of the others. Some drivers still continue to drive even the traffic light turn red, some stop their vehicles at the places that the laws don’t allow them to stop, the others even drive their vehicles through the wrong direction.

Economics and Politics

Economic System In Cambodia

Q. What is economic system Cambodia ?

A. Free-market capitalism ??

• In 1994, the Minister of Commerce issued to all provincial governors

and mayors. Circular No.63, which instructed that market standards and guidelines

should be observed as follows:

• The State shall allow free competition between traders.

• The State shall guarantee traders freedom to move goods.

• All the prices of goods shall be determined by

mutual agreement between buyers and sellers.

How does government in Cambodia raise Cambodian National Budget?

• Taxes and taxes revenue

• Foreign Aids

• Borrowing from other countries

• Government Services

Q. Have Cambodia Economy been

experienced Budget surpluses?

A. ???

Q. Have Cambodia Economy been

experienced Budget Deficit?

A. ???

Budgeting Fund and Budgeting Deficit

Budgeting Fund and Budgeting Deficit

Export

1. USA,

2. Hong Kong,

3. China,

4. EU,

5. Canada,

6. and Vietnam.

The major destination countries of exports are;

The major import and countries ;

1. Hong Kong,

2. China,

3. Taiwan,

4. Thailand,

5. and Vietnam...

Import and Export Products (est 2011)

• Import partners (US$5.4 billion)

• Export partners (US$7.0 billion)

• Trade deficit (US$1.6 billion )

Economic Growth and GDP

• How important of investment

• How economy grow faster

• Is Cambodia Economic really grow as Royal Government of Cambodia mention?

GDP=C+I+G+X

Major Causes of Economics

• Unfair competition

• Corruption

• Education

• Trafficking issues

• Political instabilities

• Trade deficit

• Less investment

Corruption

Education

Traffic Issues

Traffic Issues

Q. How much does Cambodia wates on traffic accident per year?

A. 327 millions dollar per years, mathematically calculate as $908333.33/day

Q. How many motors and cars in Phnom Penh?

B. According to Lond Dymong, RFI, 1 millions motors, and 0.5 millions cars.

Q. How much does Cambodia wates on traffic jam per year?

C. $0.5x1M+$3x0.5M=$2M

D. $0.5x0.5M+$3x0.25M=$1M

Political Histories

• Following back to the past, in 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease fire, the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was established to supervise implementation of the UN Peace Settlement.  

• UN sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and a new constitution, promulgated on 24 September 1993, and transformed Cambodia into a Constitutional Monarchy.

• Although the CPP received a simple majority, it did not receive the two-thirds then required constitutionally to rule in its own right.

• In the recent National Assembly elections (July 2008), a similar result transpired with the CPP securing 90seats of the party voted, returning  Hun Sen to power for another five years. 

Political Situation today

• In 2013, there was an agreement in legislating law of National Election, which as about two-third policy changed to %50+ , therefore the political party obtain more that 50% are able to from a government, and leader of that party will be the only one prime minister.

• The most recent National Election in 2013, CPP seemed to be less supporters, dropped from 90 seats to 68 seats, and also CPP (Cambodian People Party) has been accused by Opposition Party (CNRP=Cambodian Nation Rescue Party) that CPP stole the National Election results which was not reflecting civilians’ needs, CPP has power on pointing National Election Committees (NEC) to do so, and unfair election with clashes should not accepted.

• One of the main reasons was Vietnamese, or Vietnamese-Cambodian residents who have lived in Cambodia for ages were able to vote in significant amount notably.

• Second reason is a huge different result between CNRP, and CPP collected. As official results claimed that CPP won, Cambodia has been dropped to the errors of political consistency and social instability again.

Political instabilities

Type of protests

• Agiant the government

• Increase minimum base wages

• Increase minimum base salaries for teachers

• Protest agiant ministry of religion

Protest agiant ministry of education • Protest for justice according to land dispute and suitable compensation

• Protest to to reduce price of gasoline

• Protest to increase frequency of radio and TV chanels

Results

-Many workers were injured

-At least four people died without compensation

-Many people were so worry about fighting

-Frighten position party

-Inflation still boost

-Many investors ran away from cambodia

-GDP will be lowered

+Increased minimum wages up to $100

+Changed minister of Education

+Putting pressure on government to stir their political sentiment

References

• http://www.indexmundi.com/cambodia/economy_profile.html

• http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/business/2013-07/24/c_132570724.htm

• http://asean.fta.govt.nz/cambodia-economic-situation/

• http://www.cambodiadaily.com/archive/as-phnom-penh-grows-so-does-its-sewage-problem-23419/http://newskh.wordpress.com/2009/

• http://www.blogging-secret.com/google-page-rank-fix-for-seoquake-plugin

• http://newskh.wordpress.com/2009/06/11/108/

• http://www.b2b-cambodia.com/b2b-hospitality-tourism/

• http://www.mef.gov.kh

• http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/96770

• http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/cambodia/pro-politics.htm

• http://eschooltoday.com/pollution/air-pollution/causes-of-air-pollution.html

• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/EXTEAPREGTOPENVIRONMENT/0,,contentMDK:20266319~menuPK:537827~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502886,00.htm

• http://www.foodsecurityatlas.org/khm/country/demography/population

• http://apmrn.anu.edu.au/conferences/8thAPMRNconference/7.Maltoni.pdf

• http://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/census2008/Census.pdf

Thank for your attention!