2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences 2015 ...

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ISSN 1877-0428 Volume 211 • 25 November 2015

2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences 2015 “Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Management and Society”, 17–18 September, 2015

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

Editors:Kashan PirzadaDanture WickramasingheGabriël A. MoensAhmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid

ScienceDirect


Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 ( 2015 ) i

Amsterdam - Boston - London - New York - Oxford - Paris - Philadelphia - San Diego - St Louis

2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences 2015 “Multidisciplinary Perspectives on

Management and Society”, 17–18 September, 2015

Editors:

Kashan PirzadaDanture Wickramasinghe

Gabriël A. MoensAhmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid

ScienceDirect

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

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Contents

Preface

D. Wickramasinghe, G.A. Moens, A.F. Abdul Hamid, K. Pirzada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Employee Engagement Construction in Newest Condition (During 2012–2014) Adoption to Achieve Competitiveness in Global Condition

Combining with Technology Interaction and People Value

A.N. Adi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Value Chain Model of Plasma Core Partnership of Hair Production Creative Industry in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province

A. Arifi n, F. Sugiyanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Bridging the Gap between Academicians and Practitioners on Accountant Competencies: An Analysis of International Education Standards

(IES) Implementation on Indonesia’s Accounting Education

A. Pratama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Model of Social Entrepreneurship and Socio-entrepreneurship: A Replica of Reality

A.B. Wiguna, C.F. Ananda, Susilo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

The Relationship between Union Organization and Union Effectiveness: The Role of Type of Union as Moderator

B.A. Tarumaraja, F. Omar, F.W. Halim, S.W. Muhammad Hafi dz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

The Role of Job Satisfaction and Power Distance in Determining the Infl uence of Organizational Justice toward the Turnover Intention

A.N. Zagladi, D. Hadiwidjojo, M. Rahayu, Noermijati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

HRM Reform in the Indonesian Civil Service: Towards Strategic Fit?

C.D. Aruan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Linking Perception towards Prospective Economic Conditions on Satisfaction towards Federal Government

S.B. Kai, C.S. Chuan, L.C. Seong, S.B. Chuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

UAE Consumer Rejoinder towards Mc Donald’s Sales Promotional Strategy in Dubai

V. Begum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Law Awareness Forming Strategies to Reinforce the Principles of Social Function of Land Rights within the Moral Dimension of Citizenship

T. Rejekiningsih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

The Usefulness of Local Government Financial Statements for Regional Development Planning Process (An Empirical Study against the

Head of the District Development Planning Agencies in Java and Madura)

D. Susanto, Djuminah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Analysis of Economic Structure in Poverty Eradication in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

F.X.L. Aba, O.M. Yussof, S. Binti Mohd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Representation of Women’s Inequality in the Book Entitled “Cerita Pendek Tentang Cerita Cinta Pendek” by Djenar Maesa Ayu

A. Ikhsano, M.A. Inkiriwang, S.I. Kom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Leading Learning: A Grounded Theory Perspective of Orang Asli Parental Involvement and Engagement

M. Rabahi, H. Yusof, M. Awang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

The Hegemony of International Interests on IFRS Adoption in Indonesia: An Accounting Ecology Perspective

Hamidah, I. Triyuwono, E.G. Sukoharsono, A. Djamhuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Role of Information System (IS), Social Networking Technology (SNT) and WEB 2.0 for Improving Learning Outcomes: A Case of Malaysian

Universities

L.W. Leong, O. Ibrahim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Management Control System Design: An Interpretive Ethnography

Hanif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

A Human Dignity Perspective: Exploring the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility

H.D. Rumambi, S.A. Marentek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

The Conservation of Perang Pandan Tradition for the Socio-Economic Life of Adat Community in Tenganan Pagringsingan Bali

I.G.A. Purnamawati, N.K.S. Adnyani, I.N. Suastika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

The Ethical Practice of Tax Consultant Based on Local Culture

I.N. Darmayasa, Y.R. Aneswari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Intangible Capital and Leverage to Improve Financial Performance of LPG Agents in Bali

I.P. Astawa, I.P. Sudika, N.N. Yuliarmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Sustainable Development and Reconceptualization of Financial Statements

I.P. Sudana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 20 (2010) iii–xxx


Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 ( 2015 ) iii–ix

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iv Contents

The Effect of Tax Socialization, Tax Knowledge, Expediency of Tax ID Number and Service Quality on Taxpayers Compliance with Taxpayers

Awareness as Mediating Variables

Andreas, E. Savitri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Firm Performance, Institutional Ownership and Capital Structure: A Case of Malaysia

K. Pirzada, M.Z. Bin Mustapha, D. Wickramasinghe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

The Study of Investment Portfolio Management and Sustainability of Property and Real Estate Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange

K.A. Fachrudin, H.T. Fachrudin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Operational Management Marine Transportation on Shipping Lanes Wangiwangi – Kaledupa, Wakatobi – Indonesia

M.A. Kurdin, R.S. Nuhun, L. Welendo, Nasrul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Graduate Employability Awareness: A Gendered Perspective

M.C.H. Ang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

The Role of Flow between Burnout and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among Hotel Employees in Malaysia

M. Kasa, Z. Hassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance

M.J. Hashim, I. Osman, S.M. Alhabshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Reducing High Setup Time in Assembly Line: A Case Study of Automotive Manufacturing Company in Malaysia

M.M. Esa, N.A.A. Rahman, M. Jamaludin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Knowledge on Sexuality and Reproductive Health of Malaysian Adolescents – A Short Review

M.C. Mustapa, K. Hj Ismail, M.S. Mohamad, F. Ibrahim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Analysis of Competition Issues for Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (UNIKL MIAT): Towards Achieving

Malaysian Aerospace Industry Blueprint 2015-2030

M. Fakhrulnizam, N.A. Rahman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Utilization and Accounting of Zakat for Productive Purposes in Indonesia: A Review

M.N. Alim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

The Collaboration of Green Design & Technology towards Business Sustainability in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

M.Y. Md Taib, Z.M. Udin, A. Hj Abdul Ghani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Designing Learning Experience in Environmental Buddhism for High School Students

W. Mueanploy, W. Singkha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Planning and Implementation of School-based Assessment (SBA) among Teachers

N. Abdullah, N. Idris, M.S.G. Hamzah, S. Sembak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Diminishing Obligations of Local Government: Effect on Accountability and Public Trust

N.Z.Z. Abidin, K. Singaravello, Z. Zakaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Hybrid Contract and Funds Effi ciency Management of Islamic General Insurance Company (Study in Indonesia)

N. Puspitasari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Capitalization of Operating Lease and its Impact on Firm’s Financial Ratios

N. Nuryani, T.T. Heng, N. Juliesta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Service Experience and Intercultural Competence on Customer Company Identifi cation,

Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty (Case Study: PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa Pontianak West Kalimantan)

N. Afi fah, A. Asnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Gaining Access and Establishing Trust in a Fieldwork with Psychiatric Patients

N.Z. Kamarunzaman, N.H. Hj. Selamat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

The Infl uence of Intellectual Capital on the Firm’s Value with the Financial Performance as Intervening Variable

Nuryaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

A Proposed Model of Non-compliance Behaviour on Excise Duty: A Moderating Effects of Tax Agents

P. Sinnasamy, Z. Bidin, S.S.S. Ismail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

The Moderating Effect of Employee Relations on Networking towards Workplace Happiness among Married Women in Malaysia

S. Wok, J. Hashim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Managing Change on Lean Implementation in Service Sector

R. Asnan, N. Nordin, S.N. Othman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Public Relations and Corporate Social Responsibility in Mandatory Approach Era in Indonesia

R. Kriyantono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

The Effect of Work Experiences, Competency, Motivation, Accountability and Objectivity towards Audit Quality

O. Furiady, R. Kurnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Effect of Injured Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and Having Toddler in Household to the Willingness to Pay of Smog Risk Mitigation in

District of Pontianak and Pontianak City, West Kalimantan

Restiatun, E. Suratman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Towards Development More Inclined on Farmers (A Study Case of Jatiguwi Village-Sumberpucung District-Malang Regency)

A. Suman, R.E.N. Putra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

The Effect of Environmental Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure towards Financial Performance (Case Study to

Manufacture, Infrastructure, and Service companies that Listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange)

D. Angelia, R. Suryaningsih . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Contents v

Going Concern: An Implementation inWaqf Institutions (Religious Charitable Endowment)

S. Fadilah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Budgeting of School Operational Assistance Fund Based on the Value of Gotong RoyongS. Rahayu, U. Ludigdo, G. Irianto, Nurkholis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Gender Equality and Social Capital as Rural Development Indicators in Indonesia (Case: Malang Regency, Indonesia)

Surjono, Y. Prasisca, F.R. Sutikno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

The Dramaturgy of Politics and Power in Determining Budget Problem in District Jembrana, Bali

Syarifuddin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Potential Social Capital of Indonesian Immigrant in Malaysia: A Preliminary Research

T. Hasanah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Public Social Services at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha “Gau Mabaji”, District of Gowa, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

U. Suheli, F. Kahar, A. Kasmawati, M. Hum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Visual Ethnography and its Applications in Ethnographic Painting

Y.M. Rafee, A.H.A. Arshad, A.R. Dim, H. Siri, M.J. Samaroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Media and the Shaping of Consumer Society in Jakarta

Y. Stellarosa, A. Ikhsano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Company Financial Performance, and Earning Response Coeffi cient: Empirical Evidence

on Indonesian Listed Companies

Y. Sayekti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Short-run Political Events and Stock Market Reactions: Evidence from Companies Connected to Malaysian bi-Power Business-political Elite

W.S. Yusoff, M.F. Md. Salleh, A. Ahmad, F. Idris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Development Pressure in South West District of Penang: Issues and Implications

K. Ngah, M.F.A. Rahman, Z. Md. Zan, Z. Zakaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Communication and Service Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Z.H. Zulkepli, N. Hasnan, S. Mohtar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Effects of Brand Love, Personality and Image on Word of Mouth; The Case of Local Fashion Brands among Young Consumers

A. Anggraeni, Rachmanita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Renewal of Performance Management System in Family Company

A.R. Suhardi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Farmer’s Prosperity: How to Increase Farmer’s Bargain Power (In Islamic Perspective)

A.W. Puspitasari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

The Effect of GHG Emission, Environmental Performance, and Social Performance on Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms

in Indonesia

A. Rokhmawati, M. Sathye, S. Sathye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Consumer Decision Making in Conventional Banks and Islamic Bank Based on Quality of Service Perception

D. Wulandari, A. Subagio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Discriminant Analysis of Intellectual Capital Model of State University in Medan

I. Sadalia, A.N. Lubis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Revitalization Dynamics of State-owned Sugar Mills: An Institutionalization Process

B. Hariadi, M. Sudarma, G. Irianto, U. Ludigdo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

The Civic and Cultural Role of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque

B. AbulQaraya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Bank Financial Statement Management Using a Goal Programming Model

B.A. Halim, H.A. Karim, N.A. Fahami, N.F. Mahad, S.K.S. Nordin, N. Hassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Public Participation Process at Local Government Administration: A Case Study of the Seremban Municipal Council, Malaysia

S.M. Nurudin, R. Hashim, S. Rahman, N. Zulkifl i, A.S.P. Mohamed, S.A. Hamik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Good Governance Implementation in Public Sector: Exploratory Analysis of Government Financial Statements Disclosures Across ASEAN

Countries

C. Sukmadilaga, A. Pratama, S. Mulyani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

Asymmetric Reaction towards Financial Shocks in ASEAN Countries

D. Kaluge, W. Puspita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

The Analysis of Underemployment in Indonesia: Determinants and its Implication

D.S. Pratomo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Cultural Similarity, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Product Necessity in Evaluation of Malaysian Products: Indonesian Consumer Perspective

Ramadania, S. Gunawan, M. Rustam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

The Role of CSRD on Company’s Financial Performance and Earnings Response Coeffi cient (ERC)

D.M. Dewi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

The Impact of BPJS Health Implementation for the Poor and Near Poor on the Use of Health Facility

D. Rolindrawan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Integrating Institutional Theory in Determining Corporate Image of Islamic Banks

I. Osman, S.F.S. Alwi, I. Mokhtar, H. Ali, F. Setapa, R. Muda, A.R.A. Rahim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

7 Domains of Spiritual Intelligence from Islamic Perspective

E.B. Baharuddin, Z.B. Ismail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

vi Contents

Family Management, Executive Compensation and Financial Performance of Indonesian Listed Companies

I. Subekti, D.K. Sumargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Employee Diff, Free Cash Flow, Corporate Governance and Earnings Management

R. Br Bukit, F.N. Nasution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

Tourism Management in World Heritage Sites and its Impact on Economic Development in Mali and Ethiopia

S.M. Farid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Teacher’s Perception towards Integration of Learning Disabled Students into Regular Class Room – A Study in Dubai & Abu Dhabi Schools

S. Dev, J. Kumar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Conceptualising the Early and Rapid Internationalising Firms

M. Falahat, M.W. Migin, C.S. Chuan, P.F. Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Employee Satisfaction and Performance as Intervening Variables of Learning Organization on Financial Performance

S.E. Hatane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

Understanding Customer Experience Management in Retailing

E. Andajani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

The Analysis of Risk Adjusted Return Portfolio Performance Share for LQ 45 Index in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010–2014 Periods

A. Suryani, E. Herianti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

Financial Reporting Quality – Before and After IFRS Adoption Using NiCE Qualitative Characteristics Measurement

T. Yurisandi, E. Puspitasari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Perception of Traditional Small Scale Brick-making Owner on Firewood Usage for Brick-making process

F. Sampe, D.L. Pakiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Embedding Core Value into the Internal Quality Assurance Systems in Higher Education

F.E. Daromes, S. Ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Developing Accountability Model of Local Government Organization: From Managerial Accountability to Public Accountability (Naturalistic

Study on Local Government Tana Toraja)

F. Randa, P. Tangke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

Research Program on Key Success Factors of e-Government and their Impact on Accounting Information Quality

H. Ritchi, I. Wahyudi, A. Susanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

The Cadre of Integrated Health Service Post (Posyandu) as an Agent in the Socialization of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Malang Regency,

Indonesia: A Cultural Approach

M.D. Nirwana, I.H. Utami, H.N. Utami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Developing Competitive Strategic Model Using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) Approach for Handicrafts Ceramic Industry

in Pulutan, Minahasa Regency

M.I. Walukow, S.A. Pangemanan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

The Probability of Selection of Ocean Freight the Competition between Night Ship and Quick Ship Route Kendari – Raha

L.O.M. Magribi, M. Arzal Tahir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

Cosmetics and Tricks: Representing the Meanings of Earning Management Practices

L. Purwanti, I. Triyuwono, G. Irianto, A. Riduwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

Conceptual Issues in University to Industry Knowledge Transfer Studies: A Literature Review

L. Anatan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711

The Effect of Social Capital on Governance and Sustainable Livelihood of Coastal City Community Medan

L.T. Maas, Sirojuzilam, Erlina, Badaruddin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Theory of Shariahization on Conceptual Accounting Framework: A Substantive Theory

M. Nur A. Birton, I. Triyuwono, A.D. Mulawarman, A.F. Rahman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

Phenomenology Study: Accountability of a Political Party in the Context of Local Election

M. Kholmi, I. Triyuwono, B. Purnomosidhi, E.G. Sukoharsono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

A Shift-share Analysis on Regional Competitiveness – A Case of Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia

M. Khusaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

Determining the Macroeconomic Factors of External Debt Accumulation in Nigeria: An ARDL Bound Test Approach

M.M. Abdullahi, N.A. Bt Abu Bakar, S.B. Hassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

The Effect of Internal Control System and Amil Competence on the Financial Reporting Quality at Zakat Management Institution Active

Member of Zakat Forum in Special Capital City Region Jakarta and West Java Provinces

Naz’aina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

The Concept of Gratitude from the SMEs Owners in Bali to Address the Income Tax Evasion

N.P.E. Widiastuti, E.G. Sukoharsono, G. Irianto, Z. Baridwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

Satisfaction on Blended Learning in a Public Higher Education Institution: What Factors Matter?

N.A. Abdul Rahman, N. Hussein, A.H. Aluwi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768

Servicescape: Understanding how Physical Dimensions Infl uence Exhibitors Satisfaction in Convention Centre

N.M. Rashid, H. Ma’amor, N. Ariffi n, N. Achim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776

The Existence of Accounting on Local Trade Activity in the Majapahit Kingdom (1293 AD – 1478 AD)

N.Q. Lutfi llah, E.G. Sukoharsono, A.D. Mulawarman, Y.W. Prihatiningtias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783

Information Seeking Behaviour of the Adolescents with Reference to Sexual Information

N.F. Binti Muhamed Fauzi, R. Abd Kadir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

Contents vii

The Employer’s Duties and Liabilities in Commuting Accidents in Malaysia: Law and Management

N.H. Ab Aziz, A.A. Yusof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796

Factors Contributing to Job Satisfaction among School Counselors

O.P. Boon, W.M.W. Jaafar, M. Baba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

The Effect of the Implementation of Government Internal Control System (GICS) on the Quality of Financial Reporting of the Local Government

and its Impact on the Principles of Good Governance: A Research in District, City, and Provincial Government in South Sumatera

N.N. Afi ah, P.C. Azwari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

The Minang Entrepreneur Characteristic

P.C. Hastuti, A. Thoyib, E.A. Troena, M. Setiawan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

Fraud Prevention: Relevance to Religiosity and Spirituality in the Workplace

P. Purnamasari, I. Amaliah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827

Pluriform Motivation as Antecedent and its Relationships to Budgeting Participation and Managerial Performance (Empirical Study on

Manufacturing Companies Listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange)

W. Hariyanti, P. Purnamasari, Magnaz Lestira O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836

Control Environment Analysis at Government Internal Control System: Indonesia Case

Yurniwati, A. Rizaldi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844

Measuring Student Perceptions to Personal Characters Building in Education: An Indonesian Case in Implementing New Curriculum in High School

R. Fahmy, N. Bachtiar, R. Rahim, M. Malik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

Paradigm Blurred: Opera Cake in Management Accounting Information Research

R.E. Wijaya, U. Ludigdo, Z. Baridwan, Y.W. Prihatiningtias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Real Earnings Management in the Indonesian Sharia Capital Market

R. Yuliana, M. Anshori, M.N. Alim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866

Strategic Human Resource Management, Innovation Capability and Performance: An Empirical Study in Indonesia Software Industry

R. Aryanto, A. Fontana, A.Z. Afi ff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874

Fair Value Measurements (FVMs) Rejection and Reconstruction: A Phenomenological Study of Internal Accountant Response towards FV

Accounting and Reporting

Roekhudin, I. Triyuwono, E.G. Sukoharsono, Rosidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

Islamic Representation in Television Advertising and its Impact on Modern Malay Muslim Women

R. Hussin, S.H. Yusoff, S.N.M. Yusof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890

The Effect of Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Investment (ROI) on Trading Volume

S. Ichsani, A.R. Suhardi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896

Degree of Contact and Local Perceptions of Tourism Impacts: A Case Study of Homestay Programme in Sarawak

S.E.D. Sita, N.A.M. Nor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

The Role of Dyadic Coping to Marital Quality – The Conceptual Paper

S.N.F.A. Razak, S.M. Hoesni, E. Zakaria, R. Ismail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911

The Occurrence of Sexual Harassment among Sports Practitioners in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur

Syarifah Fathynah SS., Sharifah Syahirah SS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917

Application of Beneish M-Score Models and Data Mining to Detect Financial Fraud

Tarjo, N. Herawati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924

Exploring the Use of Social Media During the 2014 Flood in Malaysia

T.S. Aisha, S. Wok, A.M. A. Manaf, R. Ismail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931

Trust and Uncertainty Orientation: An Efforts to Create Tax Compliance in Social Psychology Framework

T.W. Damayanti, Sutrisno, I. Subekti, Z. Baridwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

Ethics Green Open Space Public Service by Government Pekanbaru City

T.K. Harahap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

The Role of Regional Superior Sectors in Creating GDP Value Added, Employment Opportunity, Regional Productivity and Human

Development Index

D. Achmad, U. Hamzani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

The Impact of Effectiveness to Use and Trust of Local Financial and Information System (SIKD) to Individual Performance in Southeast

Moluccas

W. Sahusilawane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960

Developing a Model of Tax Compliance from Social Contract Perspective: Mitigating the Tax Evasion

Y. Mangoting, E.G. Sukoharsono, Rosidi, Nurkholis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966

The Role of Entrepreneur in Residence towards the Students’ Entrepreneurial Performance: A Study of Entrepreneurship Learning Process

at Ciputra University, Indonesia

W. Christina, H. Purwoko, A. Kusumowidagdo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972

Human’s Behavior towards Income in the Perspective of Mother Teresa

D.P. Sari, I. Triyuwono, Rosidi, A. Kamayanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977

The Impact of the Values of Islamic Religiosity to Islamic Job Satisfaction in Tasikmalaya West Java, Indonesia, Industrial Centre

I. Amaliah, T. Aspiranti, P. Purnamasari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984

The Development of Manufacturing Industry Cluster as an Effort of Economic Improvement Expansion in East Java

Sutikno, M.S.W. Suliswanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992

viii Contents

The Effect of Intellectual Capital to Value Relevance of Accounting Information Based on PSAK Convergence of IFRS (Manufacture Firms

in Indonesia)

M. Hayati, Yurniwati, A.R. Putra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999

Indonesia: The Effect of Tax Holiday on Economic Growth Related to Foreign Investment

N. Sari, M.S. Dewi, Y. Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008

Identifying Factors that Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Technology Students

S.C. Mat, S.M. Maat, N. Mohd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016

Index of the Company’s Stakeholders Welfare

T. Fitrijanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Modifi cation of Structuration Theory under Worship Concepts to Construct Accountability in the Public Sector Entities

A. Gafur, S. Soetedjo, I. Triyuwono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028

Lawyers’ Argumentation Skills: A Comparison between Criminal and Civil Cases

O.E. El-Shenawy, A.-M. Shehata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036

Role of Women in Achieving Shared Prosperity: An Impact Study of Islamic Microfi nance in Malaysia

M.B. Othman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043

Foreign Bank Entry and Credit Allocation to SMEs: Evidence from ASEAN Countries

Viverita, A.W. Lubis, Y. Bustaman, R.S. Riyanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049

Innovative Public Leadership (Case Study on Innovative Food Policy for SME’s in Sidoarjo Regency)

B. Supriyono, Trisnawati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

The Infl uence of Organizational Commitment on Employee Fraud with Effectiveness of Internal Control and Organizational Justice as a

Moderating Variable

D. Manurung, A.R. Suhartadi, N. Saefudin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064

Islamic Microfi nance Institution: The Capital Structure, Growth, Performance and Value of Firm in Indonesia

H. Hasbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

“Hit-the-road-running” and Refl ect: A Qualitative Study of Women Managers’ Informal Learning Strategies Using Feminist Principles

T.S. Hong, N. bt Idris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081

Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Creates Tourism Destination Brand?

M.N. Fatanti, I.W. Suyadnya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

Improving Public Health through Behavioural Rules: A Legitimate Legislative Project?

G.A. Moens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096

The Order Effect of Corporate Disclosure Forms Fish-Tail Pattern: Further Evidence in Experimental Study

D. Sulistiawan, R.E. Wijaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Do Natural Resources and Human Capital Matter to Regional Income Convergence? (A Case Study at Regencies/Municipalities of Kalimantan

Area – Indonesia)

D. Rahayu, M. Ismail, D.B. Santoso, D.S. Pratomo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

Graduate Employability through Entrepreneurship: A Case Study at USIM

U.S.A. Bustamam, M.A. Mutalib, S.N.M. Yusof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117

Cost Effi ciency of Islamic Banks in Indonesia – A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

I. Zuhroh, M. Ismail, G. Maskie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

The Moderating Effect of Contingency Variables on the Relationship between Formal Strategic Planning and Company Performance

M.I. Effendi, T. Kusmantini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132

The Role of Corporate Culture and Employee Motivation as a Mediating Variable of Leadership Style Related with the Employee

Performance (Studies in Perum Perhutani)

L.I. Syafi i, A. Thoyib, U. Nimran, Djumahir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Analysis Social Security System Model in South Sulawesi Province: On Accounting Perspective

Mediaty, D. Said, Syahrir, A. Indrijawati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148

Linking Performance Appraisal Justice, Trust, and Employee Engagement: A Conceptual Framework

M.S. Nair, R. Salleh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155

Application of Thinking Skills in Career: A Survey on Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) Qualifi cation Semi-professional

Job Duties

M.Y. Ab. Hadi, R. Hassan, A.R.A. Razzaq, M.Z. Mustafa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163

Brand Leverage Strategy throughout Sport Championship and Amusement: The Case of Banyuwangi Festival 2013

S. Sudaryanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

The Transformation of Bea Acquisition Rights to Land and Buildings (BPHTB): Case Study in Kediri City of East Java

T.J. Soewardi, C.F. Ananda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179

The Role of the Jordanian Public Universities in Building and Developing of Knowledge Society

M.A.S. Al. Sardy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186

Effects of Kellogg’s Nutritional Label on Consumer Buying Behaviour in Dubai, UAE

V. Begum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

Applications of Signed Graphs to Portfolio Turnover Analysis

B. Vasanthi, S. Arumugam, A.K. Nagar, S. Mitra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

Ergonomic Quality, Playing a Role in Ensuring Work Life Balance among Malaysian ICT Workers

S. Gopinathan, M. Raman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210

Contents ix

The Benefi ts of Implementing ERP System in Telecommunications

R.A. Kadir, Noor’Aini Ismail, S.F.M. Yatin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216

Introducing Mato Based Profi t-Sharing Accounting and its Synergy with Cooperative and Sharia

Hanif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223

Super Slack-Based Model Effi ciency and Stock Performance of Manufacturing Industry Listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange

T.V. Soetanto, L.P. Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231

Effect of Training, Competence and Discipline on Employee Performance in Company (Case Study in PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida)

A.P.M. dan Abdul Waris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1240

Investigation of Visual Language in Malaysia Cartoons: Evidence from Ujang’s Comic – Aku Budak Minang

C. Qiang, S.M. Kahn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 ( 2015 ) 157 – 162


ScienceDirect

1877-0428 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd GCBSS-2015doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.023

2nd Global Conference on Business and Social Science-2015, GCBSS-2015, 17-18 September 2015, Bali, Indonesia

Sustainable Development and Reconceptualization of Financial Statements

I Putu Sudanaa* aUdayana University, Denpasar 80232, Indonesia

Abstract

The study aims at formulating an integrated concept of financial statements in accordance with sustainable development spirit. It employs sustainable development accountability, a concept of business people who are aware of their accountability to advance corporate sustainability by which they work to extend the life expectancy of ecosystems, societies and economies. By adopting this concept, business organizations could declare their involvement in sustainable development agenda. The study finds that the reconceptualized financial statements should explicitly declare economic, social and environmental aspects as the elements of financial statements. It also suggests adoption of this idea in accounting policy making. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd GCBSS-2015.

Keywords: economic; environment; financial statements; integrated reporting; social; sustainable development.

1. Introduction

Rio Summit held in 1991 has dictated that accounting should take a crucial role in global agenda named sustainable development (SD). As a discipline takes place at the center stage of business information system, accounting is expected to support and promote involvements of business organization in SD agenda. This includes involvement of business organization in sustaining its business activities and, at the same time, sustaining its most important assets, i.e., social community and ecological environment. According to Gray and Bebbington (1996) the central argument behind this quest is “that accounting is pivotal to the capture or re-capture of the sustainability agenda.” However,

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62-812-361-5114; fax: +62-361-241919.

E-mail address: [email protected]

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the 2nd GCBSS-2015

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158 I Putu Sudana / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 ( 2015 ) 157 – 162

some experts recognize a phenomenon indicating an unsuccessful acceptance of SD spirit in sustainability reporting practices.

Gray (2002), for instance, argued the theorization of conventional accounting was deficient as it had failed to identify that social and environment accounts were missing from its conception of the world. These deficiencies could be overcome by transforming current structure of financial statements to comply with SD thought. The transformation should be intended to put SD spirit at the center stage of accounting discipline (Gray, 2002). Efforts intended to respond to the demand for transformation of financial statements has appeared as the emergence of corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting practices (GRI, 2006, 2011, 2013). However, these approaches are placing corporate sustainability information in disclosure of financial statements or separate reports. These practices are conceptually not consistent with the idea of placing SD spirit at the heart of accounting information and analysis.

An important question raised in this study can be stated as “how is the conception of financial statements that is in accordance with the spirit of SD?” The idea behind this question is that the spirit of SD should be embedded in financial statements, instead of placing it as extra reports. This study is expected to contribute to the fields of business in its effort to built long-term, integrated and holistic view of business strategy. Another contribution might be traced to the field of accounting. Accounting policy makers and standard setters might consider the idea proposed in this study in building conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting standards.

2. Toward integration

There are growing demands toward integration of corporate sustainability information and traditional financial statements. In fulfilling these needs, accountants should utilize their ability and expertise. Sustainability initiatives are becoming increasingly popular and utilizing accountants’ expertise could become an important weapon in strategic integration of sustainability initiatives (Ballou et al., 2012). The traditional reporting model was developed for an industrial world. Consequently, it continues to play a valuable role with respect to stewardship of financial capital. According to International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC), the traditional model of reporting mainly focuses on a relatively narrow account of historical financial performance and it main concern is on the value creation process conducted by business organizations (2011:4). If it is not transformed, the traditional model could hamper the efforts intended toward integrated reporting. For those reasons, some organizations have started their efforts to build a conceptual framework for integrated reporting, including IIRC and A4S.

IIRC attempts to build a framework for integrated reporting that combines the most material elements of information currently reported in separate reporting strands (financial, management commentary, governance and remuneration, and sustainability) in a coherent whole (2011:6). The core objective of the International Integrated Reporting Framework outlined by IIRC is to guide organizations in communicating the broad set of information needed by investors and other stakeholders (2011:2). By utilizing the information, investors and other stakeholders should be able to assess the organization’s long-term prospects in a clear, concise, connected, and comparable format. This will enable those organizations, their investors and others to adopt better short-term and long-term decisions.

The importance of a framework for broader and longer-term sustainability considerations has also gained important attention from the Accounting for Sustainability Project (A4S). This framework is intended to facilitate integration and connection of sustainability considerations with traditional accounting measurements. In a broader sense, A4S arrived at recommendations addressing two issues. Firstly, a guidance to embed sustainability into day-to-day processes, and secondly, a proposal on new Connected Reporting Framework intended to encourage and facilitate clear, concise, and comparable sustainability reporting (2015:ii). According to Prince of Wales, the initiator of A4S, organizations’ survival and prosperity at the age of sustainability revolution highly depend on their commitment to environmental, social, and ethical management practices (A4S, 2015:1). In another report, A4S also mention the need for better accounting model that must become part of business venture toward sustainability practices (A4S, 2012:ii). This model should be able to integrate traditional reporting requirements and corporate sustainability information.

Considerations and recommendations made both by IIRC and A4S clearly present the existence of need to perform transformation of the current structure of financial statements to comply with SD thought. This transformative action should be preceded by transformation in spirit gained through educational process. This concept can be learned from Basic Scheme of Critical Social Science (Fay, 1987).


3. Theory of Transformative Action

Theory of Transformative Action is one part of a single theory in Basic Scheme of Critical Social Science (Dillard, 1991; Fay, 1987:32). According to Fay (1987:31-32) critical social science is a single theory comprising of four interrelated parts. Theory of false consciousness (the first part) explains that most people are unaware that they live under domination (Fay, 1987:31). People are dominated by a certain way of seeing the world, which is believed as appropriate in their surrounding social structure. By explaining the origins of false consciousness as well as the circumstances that permit its perpetuation, the theory addresses the ways self-understanding is false (Dillard, 1991). The occurrence and condition of false consciousness can be traced to the existence of asymmetry of power and interest in modern society that leads to domination, alienation, discrimination, and silencing (Alvesson & Skoldberg, 2000:110; Chwastiak & Young, 2003). Theory of crises (the second part) elaborates the nature and causes of crisis inherent in a social system (Fay, 1987:31). Since dominant perceptions have been maintained by social structures, its interaction with state of false consciousness as experienced by individual people will lead to the occurrence of social instability and possibly crisis (Dillard, 1991).

The third part is theory of education. This theory explains attempts needed by people in order to overcome the existence of social instability and crisis in their social structure (Fay, 1987: 32). Soon after feeling disturbed by heightened situation of crisis, people will be forced to gain understanding and build shared beliefs that the situation needs to be altered (Dillard, 1991). Theory of transformative action is the fourth part of basic scheme of critical social science. In previous stages, people are forced to be aware that they must transform the way they live, if they are willing to move toward emancipation (Fay, 1987:32). This theory sets forth an action plan indicating how, and by whose actions, transformation to be realized (Dillard, 1991). The ability of people in achieving emancipation is dictated by the intensity of transformation in spirit gathered during the period of education.

Basic Scheme of Critical Social Science, as briefly discussed above, clearly elaborates that transformative action is a follow-up step as the consequences of previous three consecutive stages (Fay, 1987:32). It also must be guided by transformed consciousness gained through educational process. Consistent with this thought, transformative action directed toward the integration of corporate sustainability information and traditional financial statements must be guided by a blue print derived from SD spirit.

4. A Blue-print for Financial Statements Reconceptualization

The history of SD was started in 1972, when United Nations Conference on Human Environment (UNCHE) held in Stockholm. SD, then, has been forwarded and declared as a global agenda in 1987 by World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Since then, SD has been attracting people from many disciplines. For accounting, discussions on SD could be traced, at least, to the work of Gray & Bebbington (1996), Elkington (1997), and Gray (2002, 2010). Gray (2002), for instance, discussed efforts that should be taken to make accounting put more concern on sustainability, as required by Rio Summit. Since SD is an important agenda for human being, accounting profession is required to seriously involve in it. SD is a global agenda intended to achieve a goal that can be stated as “to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland, 1987; GRI, 2006:2, 2011:2; WCED, 1987:54).

SD can also be considered as an agenda for change requiring involvement of people all over the world. Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002:1) clearly mentioned that we should assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the pillars of sustainable development, namely economic development, social development, and environmental protection at all levels. This requirement implies that business community including accounting people cannot be exempted from this important task. GRI (2006:2, 2011:2) is also stressing that organizations of all kinds have an important role to play in achieving SD goal. Some might argue that SD is still a controversial issue in business field (Aras & Crowther, 2008; Giddings et al., 2002). However, SD surely is an important thought to guide business decisions and activities. As stated by Visser et al (2010, p. 115), the idea of corporate sustainability is better understood as the field of thinking and practicing by which business organizations work to extend the life expectancy of ecosystems, societies, and economies. For that reason, SD should be adopted as guidance underlying business activities to contribute to the evolution of equitable and sustainable communities and


societies (WSSD, 2002:4). In achieving corporate sustainability, business organizations should take into account not only the economic aspect,

but also social and environmental considerations. An approach to business activities adopting a narrow attention only on the economic aspect cannot be furthered. As practical guidance, business organizations might refer to the notion clearly mentioned in ‘Our Common Future’, which states: “what is needed now is a new era of economic growth; growth that is forceful and at the same time socially and environmentally sustainable” (WCED, 1987:14). The same emphasis is also given by WSSD (2002:1) that “we assume a collective responsibility to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development.” Article 5 of WSSD report clearly mentioned that these pillars are economic development, social development, and environmental protection at the local, national and global level (2002:1).

An excellent lesson from Fay’s Basic Scheme of Critical Social Science (1987:32) tells us that transformative actions are dictated by transformation in spirit gathered during the educational process. Accordingly, transformation directed toward integration of corporate sustainability information and traditional financial statements must be guided by a blue print derived from SD spirit. It provides guidance stating transformation should be directed toward harmonization through integration. This idea dictates (1) achievement of SD goal requires participation and commonly actions; and (2) each development policy should consider the integration of all SD pillars namely economic, society, and environment. In other words, human beings should bear economic, social, and environmental accountabilities, or could be simply stated as sustainable development accountability (Sudana et al., 2014). Following this idea, the blue print for reconceptualization of financial statements should reflect sustainable development accountability.

5. New Faces of Financial Statements

Financial statements that are reconceptualized to be part of sustainability accounting practices could preserve the business entities conformance to SD thought comprehensively. The spirit of SD should be embedded in the report, instead of placing it as additional or extra reports. As practical guidance, the report should comply with SD accountability. New faces of financial statements should pinpoint the economic, social and environmental accountabilities of the reporting organization. This idea is also supported by the emergence of changing orientation from decision-usefulness based to accountability based external reporting as argued by Ijiri (1983). Ijiri’s thought is furthered by Coy et al. (2001), which explicitly stated that “the current decision usefulness paradigm for external reporting cannot cope with this changing environment.”

5.1 Statement of Assets and Its Sources

Statement of assets and its sources is proposed as the name of report currently known as balance sheet or statement of financial position. On one side, this statement should give summary of all assets employed by the reporting organization in its business activities. To comply with SD accountability, this statement should consist of (1) asset for environment preservation and improvement purpose, (2) asset for social-community purpose, and (3) asset for economic purpose. The appearance of the first-two types of assets represents two pillars of SD that are missing in conventional balance sheet. These assets will elaborate the involvement of the reporting organization in making investment in environment and social purpose assets.

On the other side, statement of assets and its sources should mention all sources of assets obtained by the reporting organization. It includes (1) invaluable obligation to environment, (2) invaluable obligation to society, (3) economic liability, and (4) shareholder’s equity. Both types of new obligation that should be stated in this report will portray awareness of the reporting organization about the existence of environment and society as important supporters of its activities. 5.2 Statement of Revenues and Its Uses

Statement of revenues and its uses is proposed as the name of report currently known as income statement or profit and loss statement. To portray that SD accountability is adopted by the reporting organization, this report should declare its (1) revenues from main business, (2) revenues from other sources, (3) expenditure for environmental conservation and improvement activity, (4) expenditure for social-community activity, and (5) expenditure for


economic activity. The existence of two types of expenditures added in this proposed report will clarify what actions taken by the reporting organization toward environmental conservation and improvement as well as social-community activities and how much money it spends to conduct these activities. Readers of this report will be able to clearly evaluate the involvement of the reporting organization in promoting efforts toward the achievement of SD goal. They will also easily find a clear picture and conclude how much money has been spent and which organizations are supporting the achievement of SD goal and which organizations are not.

5.3 Statement of Cash Flows

Traditionally, the statement of cash flows consists of three main items. To comply with accountability concept derived from SD spirit, two new items need to be added. Accordingly, this statement will consists of five items, namely (1) cash flows for environment conservation and protection activity, (2) cash flows from for social-community activity, (3) cash flows for (from) operating activities, (4) cash flows for (from) investing activities, and (5) cash flows for (from) financing activities. The addition of two types of cash flows in proposed report will clarify how much money spent by the reporting organization in its actions intended to conserve and improve the quality of environment and social-community in its surrounding area.

5.4 Notes to Financial Statements

Notes accompanying basic financial statements are functioned to give further detail on information that have been stated. With reconceptualization on elements stated in basic financial statements, the notes must follow. It can be employed by the reporting organization to disclose business activities that have been conducted and how these activities comply with SD thought. Notes to financial statements can be utilized as important vehicle to clarify conformance of the reporting organization to integrated concept more comprehensively.

Reconceptualized financial statements to comply with SD thought might practically contributes to business and

accounting practitioners. The accountability concept proposed in this study offers long-term, integrated and holistic view of business strategy. This concept is so fundamental for the existence and sustainability of business organization. For accounting policy makers and standard setters, the idea proposed in this study could be employed as a new way of thinking in building conceptual framework for financial reporting and, subsequently, the accounting standards. By adopting this thought, business and accounting practitioners may claim that they are supporting business organization to advance the concept of global corporate citizenship. It means a company should be seen as having rights, duties and responsibilities in society in the same way that citizens also have rights, duties, and responsibilities (Visser et al., 2010:85).

6. Conclusion

This study is intended to find out the conception of financial statements that comply with the spirit of SD. The new concept should be able to integrate corporate sustainability information and traditional financial statements currently designed as separate reports. With this approach, the spirit of SD will be embedded in financial statements as recommended by IIRC and A4S. Accordingly, transformation of the current structure of financial statements is required to reveal conformance with SD thought. This study proposes that transformative action to integrate corporate sustainability information and traditional financial statements must be guided by a blue print derived from SD spirit. As human beings should bear economic, social, and environmental accountabilities, the blue print for reconceptualization should reflect sustainable development accountability.

The statement of assets and its sources are proposed to contain these elements: (1) asset for environment preservation and improvement purpose, (2) asset for social-community purpose and (3) asset for economic purpose at the assets side, and (4) invaluable obligation to environment, (5) invaluable obligation to society, (6) economic liability, and (7) shareholder’s equity at liability and equity side. In the statement of revenues and its uses, reporting organization is proposed to declare these elements: (1) revenues from main business, (2) revenues from other sources,


(3) expenditure for environmental conservation and improvement activity, (4) expenditure for social-community activity, and (5) expenditure for economic activity. The statement of cash flows is proposed to contain these elements: (1) cash flows for environment conservation and protection activity, (2) cash flows from for social-community activity, (3) cash flows for (from) operating activities, (4) cash flows for (from) investing activities, and (5) cash flows for (from) financing activities. Additionally, notes to financial statements should be utilized as a media to clarify and disclose, in greater detail, conformance of the reporting organization to the integrated concept more comprehensively.

The new concept of integrated financial statements will contribute to business organization in its effort to build long-term, integrated, and holistic view of business strategy. The idea proposed in this study could also be adopted by accounting policy makers and standard setters in building conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting standards. Only after adopting the new concept, business and accounting practitioners may claim their support to advance the concept of global corporate citizenship.

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