LITERATURE STUDY

2.01 INTRODUCTION.TOURISM: INTRODUCTION Tourism is a dynamic industry. it is the sum of phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. it denotes the temporary, short term movement of people to destinations outside the place where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations. it is said to be a composite industry and it consists various segments which can produce a wide range of products and services. tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

The location and design of tourism infrastructure used by tour operators needs to be carefully planned, managed and positioned to ensure it is both useful for tour operators and contributes to the conservation of the tropical forest areas. built infrastructure associated with eco friendly tours includes paths, boardwalks, fences, bird hides, viewing platforms, bridges, suspended walkways, lookouts, signage, toilet facilities, information centers and vehicle parking lots. these structures may facilitate access to and through tropical forest areas or be used for distribution of environmental education and interpretation materials. they may be positioned within or adjacent to forest areas, and may be on private, protected or public land. cooperation between tour operators and relevant tropical forest managers, local authorities, landowners and conservation groups may assist in creating well-designed infrastructure that both supports tour activities and conserves the environment. Built infrastructure within these areas can have both positive and negative environmental impacts on sensitive environments. raised walkways and bridges can help prevent erosion from vehicle and pedestrian traffic and hides can reduce the

disturbance to wildlife from wildlife viewing activities. however, inappropriate design or construction materials can also have adverse effects. inappropriate paths, bridges and viewing platforms within these areas can disturb or frighten fauna, interfere with nesting sites, restrict animal movement, or remove protective canopies or densely vegetated areas. built structures can also block or redirect natural watercourses and drainage paths, create over-shaded areas, and break canopy covers, all which can alter vegetation composition and distribution and encourage the growth of weeds.

Construction materials may also leach chemicals from paints and treatments into local water bodies. poorly constructed or maintained pathways, bridges and lookouts can also pose a threat to visitor safety. thus tourism can be summed up as follows: •Tourism is a temporary and a short term movement of people. •It is the totality of relationship. •It is the activity concerned with the utilization of leisure hours. •It is an activity involving a complex mixture of material and psychological elements. it is a composite industry consisting of various segments.

TYPES OF TOURISM Domestic tourism involving residents of a country visiting their own country. inbound tourism involving non-residents visiting a country other their own.Outbound tourism involving residence of a country visiting other countries. these 3 basic forms of tourism can in turn be combined to derive the following categories of tourists: •Internal tourism which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism. •National tourism which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism. •International tourism: this comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism.

Tourism both domestic and international is taking place on a large scale that it has become a major economic activity in the world. based on the purpose of travel tourism can be classified into 6 distinct categories. •Recreational tourism •Cultural tourism •Sports/ adventure tourism •Health tourism •Convention (business/ •Professional or interest) tourism •Incentive tourism (where Holiday trips are offered as Incentives.

TOURIST – THE CONCEPT The origin of the word ‘tourist’ dates back to the 1292 ad. it has come from the word “tour”. a number of experts have defined the term: “tourists are voluntary temporary travellers, travelling in the expectations of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on a relatively and non-recurrent round – trip”. tourists are: •Persons Travelling For Pleasure, Health And Domestic Reason. •Persons Arriving In The Course Of Sea Cruise. •Persons Travelling For Business Purposes. •Persons Travelling For Convention. •Not To Be Tourist: •Persons Arriving Without A Work To Take Up An Occupation. •Persons Migrating From Rural Areas To Urban Areas. •Students In Boarding. •Persons Domiciled In One Country And Working In Adjoining Country Persons Passing Through A Country / Place Without Stopping.

DESTINATION: For any type of tourism destination is the main heart thrust. destination is the reason for travelling and the attraction at the destination generates the visit. at the same time it has a inseparable nature of tourism consumption – it is consumed where it is produced. destinations involve multiple use of tourism – demand, transportation, supply and marketing is a useful framework. thus destination is authentically an important part of tourism. destinations and their images attract tourists, motivate the visit and therefore energize the whole tourism system. so destinations must be so designed and modified to have focus of facilities and services designed to meet the needs of the tourists. Most tourist destination comprises a core of the following components: ATTRACTIONS: Historical or religious monuments or uniqueness to a particular place, climate etc. ACCESS: Transport Terminals (land, rail, air and port) coupled with efficient local transportation. AMENITIES: Accommodation, tourist entertainment facilities, food both local and cosmopolitan. ANCILLARY SERVICES: Hospitality of the local population easy access to information etc. this amalgamation of the component of a destination’s come together in many different ways, to create a range of preferred and non preferred destination. •Users Are Supposed To Visit The Center •Adequate Infrastructural Facilities For The Tourism Product •The Users Are Heterogeneous Group Of People.

WILDLIFE TOURISMThis focus on wildlife tourism seems to reflect three factors. •First, there is increased interest from wildlife management professionals and non-government wildlife organisations in synergies that can be gained between wildlife conservation and tourism involving wildlife . •Second, wild animals are increasingly usedby marketers in some countries as flagships for promoting tourism in general or nature based tourism. •This is associated with a third factor: that for many tourists wild animals are of particular interest compared with other elements of the natural environment. We do not argue for promotion of wildlife tourism as a distinct entity, as whether this is worthwhile will depend on the goals of the person or organisation involved. However there is a wide range of issues and stakeholders associated particularly with tourism based on wildlife that merits systematic and critical evaluation, as will be seen in subsequent chapters.Wildlife tourism can entail: attractions at fixed sites, tours, experiences available in association with tourist accommodation, or it can occur as unguided encounters by independent travellers.Wildlife tourism can be considered a form of ecotourism when it occurs within the context of nature-based activities that provides environmental interpretation and adopts environmentally responsible practices. In cases where a tourist travels to a particular destination primarily for the purpose of having a wildlife experience, then wildlife tourism can be seen as a form of special interest tourism

Wildlife-watching tourism (viewing or otherwise interacting with free-ranging animals) • Captive-wildlife tourism (viewing animals in man-made confinement; principally zoos, wildlife parks, animal sanctuaries and aquaria; also includescircuses and shows by mobile wildlife exhibitors)Hunting tourismFishing tourismIt might bring financial benefits to individual businesses beyond those needed to simply sustain businesses. It might lead to social benefits to host communities that improve on their perceived quality of life prior to tourism. 

KEY CONSIDERATIONS FORA NATURE RESORTUNDERSTANDING PLACE - Sustainable design begins with an intimate understanding of place. If we are sensitive to the nuances of a place, we can inhabit without destroying it. Understanding place helps determine design practices such as solar orientation of a building on the site, topographic factors, climatical impact, preservation of the natural environment such as the adaptation of local construction materials and local vernacular influence. CONNECTING WITH NATURE - Whether the design site is a building in the inner city or in a more natural setting like by the beach, on an island or within a secluded tropical landscape or jungle, connecting with naturebrings the designed environment back to life. Effective design helps inform us of our place within nature. In Malaysia, construction materials and natural resources such as local hardwood or other natural timber species,rattan, bamboo, thatched, clay or stones, must be primarily introduced.• UNDERSTANDING NATURAL PROCESSES - In nature there is no waste. The byproduct of one organism becomes the food for another.In other words, natural systems are made of closed loops. By working with living processes, we respect the needs of all species. Engaging processes that regenerate rather than deplete, we become more alive.

• UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT -Sustainable design attempts to have an understanding of the environmental impact of the design by evaluating the site, the embodied energy and toxicity of thematerials, and the energy efficiency of design, materials and constructiontechniques. Negative environmental impact can be mitigated through use of sustainable harvested building materials and finishes, materials with low toxicity in manufacturing and installation, and recycling building materials while on the job site.• EMBRACING CO-CREATIVE DESIGN PROCESSES - Sustainable designers are finding it important to listen to every voice. Collaboration with systems consultants, engineers and other experts happens early in the design process, instead of an afterthought. Designers are also listening to the voices of local communities. The understanding of authentic regionalism factors such as local vernacular traditions and comparing other authentic regional resort development

must be studied. The role of tourism authority is utterly important in providing data, comments or opinions gathered from tourists towards improving the development of resorts in term of authentic architectural ideas, quality, comfort, as overall Malaysia’s intrinsic image.• UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE - Sustainable design must take into consideration the wide range of cultures, races, religions and habits of the people who are going to be using and inhabiting the built environment. This requires sensitivity and empathy on the needs of the people and the community.• MINIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PROMOTING HUMAN HEALTH – These should be the organizing principles of sustainable design. The other elements of design can be organized: energy saving architectural features, energy conserving building envelope, and energy efficient and health-promoting mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.With regards of the principles above, there are distinctive similarities between the sustainable vernacular architecture and ‘authentic regionalism’ in the construction of coastal resorts in Malaysia. The combination of these concepts also associate in maintaining a delicate balance between the human needs to improve lifestyles and the feeling of wellbeing on one hand, with preserving the natural resources and ecosystems on which we and our future generations depend upon. These combinations of ideas result in elegant and genuine interpretation of the earlier period of Malay architecture and in achieving deeper understanding of sustainable development. In addition to ingeniously applying traditional elements which are practical, efficient and harmonize beautifully with climatic requirements and surroundings, the designs must also depict clearly the way of life and local creativities of earlier civilization.

Current status of wildlife tourismWildlife tourism has evolved dramatically over recent decades (Chapters 2,3,4). Keyidentifiable trends over this period are given in Box 13.1.Box 13.1: Trends in international wildlife tourism• Increased involvement of the commercial tourism industry• Increased levels of participation in (at least some forms of) wildlife watchingtourism (Chapter 1,2)• Diversification of wildlife watching opportunities – wider range of environments,target species and types of activity/ product (Chapter 2).• Increased consideration of animal welfare issues (Chapter 3)• Increased environmental awareness (although it is unclear whether this translatesinto demand for environmentally responsible tourism) (Chapter 9)• Increased sophistication in product design (Chapter 9)• Increased use of interpretation, especially in captive settings (Chapter 12)• Increased use of technology to facilitate wildlife viewing (Chapters 2,3)• Some blurring of the distinction between captive and free-ranging wildlifetourism (Chapters 1,3)Additional sources: Shackley (1996; 2001),

RESORT Resort is a place where accomdation, reorientation are ivolved and most important In a place for enjoyment which drives the mind of a visitor with its diversified activities. The resort have ap hysical as well as physiological impact on the minds of the people .Traffic development and industrialization had lead to the urbanization which has stolen the mental peace of the human created resort to quench his theist for the peace. Nesting admist lush given environs, embraced by hillocks (or) a forest reserve (or) any nature reserve, resort emerges as an enchanting retreat for everyone . resort is one of the few places that offer a break from the strain of hectic life style a completely different world engulf the visitor by taking a walk along the lonely pathways (or) playing on the lawns and feeling the concept of given under the feet (or) taking boat ride (or) plunging into the swimming pool (or) pending a quite evening and recharging for the week ahead. Resort an of greater help to urbanized world providing natural surroundings and change of environment. It is a place for spending complete holding on a serene and scenic atmosphere away from the maddening crowd of the city and enjoys the beauty of nature in pleasant atmosphere and landscape and is in seeking alter the physical landscape as well . While option fills the air

WILDLIFE RESORT

•Wildlife retreat is a place admist the jungle where accomdation, reorientation are involved accompanied by a lot of adventurous jungle activities which drives the mind of a visitor with its diversified activities.•The resort have a physical as well as physiological impact on the minds of the people .• Nesting admist lush given environs, embraced by hillocks and a forest reserve,this resort emerges as an enchanting retreat for everyone .

SELF CONTAINED OF INTEGRATED RESORT A modern form of resort where one can have all the resort facilities within a boundary. All the functions are incorporated but the scope of resort may vary as we have discussed above, like a resort focusing on sports may not concern in health facilities, like wise wildlife safari resort may not pays attention to mountaineering. But, it is true that resort is self contained units, where it is possible to have as much facilities as a dweller needs. There are very few amount of self-contained resort in Nepal, thus, this project will focus on designing full self-contained resort

Resort can be classified into several categories and have guidelines to rate them, but according to service provided by them, it could be day resort with recreational facilities like, spa, sports, sauna, health and cuisine facilities with several restaurant, bars, and various other amenities.

Other resort is that which provides lodging facilities with all necessary service requirements. There is a guideline stated by Centre for Resort and Hospitality Business for resorts having lodging facility. This sort of resort shall,•Provide one signature amenity or anchor attribute• Provide five secondary recreation/leisure/entertainment experiences• Provide one full-service food & beverage outlet•Bed-base must include short-term or overnight lodging•Minimum of 25 rooms or other accommodations (exception to minimum for properties with two signature amenity/anchor attributes)•Emphasize a leisure or retreat-environment experienceThe definition of few terms states above,

SIGNATURE AMENITIES:•Signature amenities are amenities, attractions, and geographically significant attributes that a resort requires to provide in order to be considered as a resort. These include, for example: golf, ski/mountain, beach/ocean, lakeside, casino/gaming, all-inclusiveness, spa/health/wellness, marina, tennis, and Water Park. •For property-generated or fabricated amenities, they need to be considered full-service to be a signature amenity.

ANCHOR ATTRIBUTE:•It is minimum number of amenities that a resort should provide in addition to lodging and cuisine facility. •The minimum number of amenity is five, below this number; it is no more resort. Among various facilities like Health, Gymnasium, Sports, Library, Museum, Swimming pool, Educational, Dude ranch, Casino, Discotheque etc, it should have minimum of five.•A mixture of various amenities, majestic hospitality, fantastic built structures and creative landscapes will create illustrative resort.

SIGNATURE AMENITIES

ACTIVITIES IN A WILDLIFE RESORT: Tourism that is based on visitors interacting with wild animals is attractingincreasing interest from governments, the tourism industry and researchers. The types of experiences are diverse. They include ski diving, going on a wildlife safari, fishing from a boat or land, bird-watching either independently or with a commercial guide, spotting animals while walking in a national park, staying at an eco-resort with neighboring wildlife, visiting a zoo or wildlife sanctuary, wildlife photography and trophy hunting. All of these tourism activities, and many more, feature wild animals as the major or a significant part of the experience.

CORACLE RIDE Coracles are local fishing crafts that are circular and ideal for navigating these waters. The coracle ride on the river not only helps you to gauge the myriad moods of the river, but also gives you a fish-eye view of the surrounding forest and the habitation, and allows you to be a small part of the ebb and flow of river life. The purpose of this activity is to allow the visitor to experience the river by bringing him in direct contact with it. The visitor will get to experience the many moods of the river as she drifts by.

BIRDWATCHING   Birding is a form of wildlife observation in which the observation of birds is a recreational activity. It can be done with the naked eye, through a visual enhancement device like binoculars and telescopes, or by listening for bird sounds. Birdwatching often involves a significant auditory component, as many bird species are more easily detected and identified by ear than by eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity for recreational or social reasons, unlike ornithologists, who engage in the study of birds using formal scientific methods.

RECREATIONAL FISHING Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.  Some hobbyists make handmade tackle themselves, including plastic lures and artificial flies.

WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHY Wildlife photography is one of the most fascinating outbound hobbies. It is a means of exploring interesting landscapes and species along with visitng interesting new places.  Wildlife photography is a genre of photography concerned with documenting various forms of wildlife in their natural habitat. It is one of the more challenging forms of photography. 

RIVER RAFTING Rafting and white water rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water, and generally represents a new and challenging environment for participants. Dealing with risk and the need for teamwork is often a part of the experience.

NATURE CAMPS Nature Camps is an Outdoor Adventure and Environmental Education organization committed to transformative experiential education programs, promoting individual growth and sensory awareness for children and parents. Nature Camps is a family based program, specializing in mixed-age learning.

TRIBAL WALKS Trek to a tribal colony near a tribal village, and get a taste of life at its most basic and joyous. Spot deer gathering at the reservoir at sundown. Or trek 5km up the adjoining hill for a panoramic view of this living sanctuary.There are a lot of tribes living in this plateau namely todas, panniyas, kurubas, and the irulas.

SAFARI  Safari is an overland journey, usually a trip by tourists to Africa. In earlier years, the trip was a big-game hunt, but today, safari often refers to trips to observe and photograph wildlife—or hiking and sight-seeing. Safaris have today diversified considerably from the initial fledgling expeditions of the pioneering European explorers and colonialists. Tourism is becoming an increasingly prevalent economic factor for many nations,

RECREATION/LEISURE/ENTERTAINMENT EXPERIENCES (RLE-E) A recreation/leisure/entertainment experience is a secondary amenity that adds to the resort experience. Any leisure or recreation activities, which can range from croquet to beach volleyball or organized kids activities, are considered RLE-E. While RLE-E is not considered primary resort features, they are important in creating the appropriate atmosphere and providing a range of activities for guests to participate in. These attributes are important, along with food & beverage outlets, in determining whether properties should be included as resorts once the signature amenity/anchor amenity minimums are met.

FULL-SERVICE For the purposes of this definition, full-service shall be defined as a property that provides a range of amenities and services to address customer wants and needs. This includes offering a variety of amenities and activities, a restaurant offering two or more meal services daily, and enhanced service levels (ex. concierge or room service).

RESORT CLASSIFICATION Once the criteria for considering a lodging property a resort were established, participants identified under which properties could be classified. These four categories can described as, with minimum qualifications of each property, as:

DESTINATION RESORT These properties are seen as resorts in the truest sense. They serve as the primary motivation to visit a destination and have characteristically high levels of service. Properties provide most or all amenities throughout a guests' visit and provide access to substantial recreation or leisure space. Properties frequently have capabilities for meetings/business and meet the minimum resort requirements plus: •Four signature/anchor amenities•Fifteen or more unique secondary RLE-E •Three or more food & beverage outlets •Spa/health/wellness amenities •Multiple shopping outlets•Variety of lodging options

INTERMEDIATE RESORT These properties can serve as the primary reason to visit a destination but guests can have additional motivations for visiting the resort. Properties frequently provide access to substantial recreation and leisure space and are removed from major population centers. They are very similar to destination resort properties except for their limited scope of signature or anchor amenities . These properties meet the minimum resort requirements plus provide: • Two signature/anchor amenities • Ten or more unique secondary RLE-E • Two or more food & beverage outlets

INTERMEDIATE-ACCESS RESORT These properties are typically located in vacation destinations or densely populated areas. They are clustered together and provide access to geographically-significant amenities (ex. ski, beach).Properties may not serve as the primary attraction for guests but provide adequate recreation/ leisure/ entertainment experiences 10 engage guests throughout their stay. These properties must meet the minimum resort requirements plus provide: • Two signature/anchor amenities • Ten or more unique secondary RLE-E • Two or more food & beverage outlets • Provide direct access to external recreation or leisure experiences SPECIALIZED RESORT These properties can be found in any location and provide a focused experience, around one signature amenity or anchor attribute. Properties generally tailor the guest experience around the primary amenity or attribute and are typically smaller in size. These properties can serve as the primary attraction for guests or as a complement to the destination. These properties must meet the minimum resort requirements of: • Provide one signature amenity or anchor attribute • Provide five secondary RLE-E • Provide one full-service food & beverage outlet • Bed-base must include short-term or overnight lodging • Minimum of 25 rooms or other accommodations (exception to minimum for properties with two signature amenity/anchor attributes) • Emphasize a leisure or retreat-environment experience

RESORT STAR RATING

STAR RATING RESORT GUEST ACCOMMODATION

Courteous staff provide an informal yet competent service. The majority of rooms are en-suite, and a designated eating area serve breakfast daily and dinner most evenings

Minimum quality requirements for cleanliness, maintenance, hospitality, facilities and services. A cooked or substantial continental breakfast is served in a dining room or eating area, or bedroom only

All rooms are en-suite or have private facilities. Or A restaurant or dining room serves breakfast daily and dinner most evenings.

Courteous service, well-maintained beds, and breakfast prepared with a good level of care.

Staff are smartly and professionally presented. All rooms are en-suite, and the restaurant or dining room is open to residents and non-residents.

Friendly welcome, and good-quality, well-presented beds and furniture. A choice of good-quality freshly cooked food is available at breakfast.

Professional, uniformed staff respond to your needs or requests, and there usually are well-appointed public areas. The restaurants or dining room is open to residents and non-residents, and lunch is available in a designated eating area.

Attentive, more personalised service. Atleast half of the bedrooms are en suite or have private bathrooms. Very good beds and high quality furniture. Breakfast offers a greater choice, and fresh ingredients are cooked and presented with a high level of care.

Luxurious accomodation and public areas, with a range of extra facilities and a multilingual service available. Guests are greeted at the hotel entrance. High quality menu and wine list

Awareness of each guest’s needs with nothing being too much trouble. All bedrooms are en suite or have a private bathroom. Excellent quality beds and furnishings. Breakfast includes specials/home made items, high quality ingredients, and fresh local produce

RESORT LAYOUT & AREA REQUIREMENTS Accommodation facilities, including rooms, toilets, bathrooms, shower rooms, etc., hallways and floor service, should occupy 50-60% of the floor area. Public guest rooms, a reception area, hall and lounges require 4 -7%, and hospitality areas, restaurants, and bars for guests and visitors 4 - 8%. A banqueting area with meeting and conference rooms needs 4 - 12%,domestic areas, kitchens, personnel rooms and stores 9 — 14%, administration, management and secretarial 1- 2%,maintenance and repair 4 — 7%, and leisure, sport shops and a hairdressing salon 2 — 10%.

Types Of Guests

Guest Characterist

ics

Purpose For Travel

Guestroom Design Factors

BUSINESS

Group Single or double occupancy, 2-4 night stay, 75%men, 25%women, some what price intensive

Conventioons, conference, professional associations, sales and training meetings.

King, twin, double-double bath with dressing area.

Individual Single occupancy, 1-2 night stay, 85%men, 15% women, very price intensive.

Corporate business, sales, conventions conferences.

King, standard bath with shower, lounge area with exceptional work area.

PLEASURE

Family Double-plus occupancy (include children), 1-4 night stay, longer in resort areas, budget or mid price

Family vacations, sightseeing, sports, family activity.

Double-double, king sofa, or adjoining rooms lounge area and television generous; compartmentalize d bath, balcony, deck , outside access.

Couples Double occupancy, 1-7 night stay, mid price to upscale.

Tours, clubs, associations, sightseeing, theatre, sports, weekend packages, shopping, vacation.

King, dining, work surface, moderate storage, compartmentalized bath.

Singles Single occupancy, young professionals, mid-price to upscale.

Tours, clubs, associations, cultures, arts, theatre, shopping.

Queen, work surface, standard bath.

THEORIES OF RESORT PLANNING: Resorts are usually planned to cater for package holidays with reception arrangements for large intake at weekly or at regular intervals.•It should accommodate all guests at one sitting.•They require spacious lounges, games room, bars, restaurants, swimming pool, sports installation etc.•Conference room can also be included to encourage offseason business.•Factors like comfortability of the guest, easy accessibility of the various facilities should be considered. •Physical aspects like colour and decor, lighting, proper air temperature, comfortable furnishings, and a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere should be taken care of.• The activities in a resort .functions in two levels namely: •The front of the house and The back of the house. •These two functions must take place separately and yet so inter related that both function smoothly, efficiently and economically.

FACILITIES REQUIRED FOR A WILDLIFE RETREAT1. Lobbies 2. Reception area 3. Registration area4. Cloak rooms and toilets 5. Administration area 6. Restaurant 7. Coffee shop8. Recreation facilities 9. Convention facilities 10. Resort rooms 11. Kitchen and food stores 12. Laundry 13. House keeping department 14. Service and maintenance unit 15. STP

OTHER AMENITIES16. Swimming pool17. Safari rides18. Tribal community centre19. Eco friendly shops20. Bird watching21. Fishing camps22. Photography workshops23. Nature walks24. Coracle rides25. Organic farms 26. Ayurveda and yoga centre27. Spa, jacuzzi, sauna etc.28. Golf course and other games

FRONT OF THE HOUSE: It is the area that concerns itself with the guest. It must he handled and planned with one thought in approbation of the guest. The reception, registration desk and elevators should be immediately apparent. The front of the hotel comprises of I. Entrance 2. Lobbies 3. Reception area 4. Registration area 5. Cloak rooms and toilets 6. Administration area 7. Restaurant 8. Recreation facilities 9. Convention facilities 10. Guests corridors 11. Resort rooms

1. ENTRANCE: •There should be only one main entrance. •Arrange a drive in so that cars can pull off the road and also, have waiting space for cars and taxis. •Provide canopy if possible. In exposed positions provide a draught lobby or revolving doors.•Separate automatic doors are provided to baggage room in high class resorts.

2. RESORT LOBBY: • Every resort must have a large public lobby.• Size of the lobby is largely determined by the type of resort.• Furnishing, colour, finishing materials, lighting and decor must create the proper ambiance regardless of the grade of the resort. • The .facilities that should be provided near the lobby are: house telephones, television, security monitors, clocks/ and calendars, information desk, travel agents, air line & car hire desk, kiosks, shops, lounge and wailing area, guests business service, public toilets etc.

3. RECEPTION AREA: • Reception desk should be near and visible from entrance. • Cashier and porter should have separate desk close by

4. REGISTRATION AREA: • Must be so located that it is immediately visible as one enters the resort lobby. • This area consists of a front desk or a sit-down desk. • The size of the desk will be determined by the size of the resort. • The location of the reservation office must be as close to the front desk as possible. • Equipment for the clerk behind the desk: -Suitable file containing advance reservation cards. -Slip or card.file. -Filing systems/electronic equipment for reservation and guest control. -Room keys, mail slots. -Book keeping department. -Safe deposit boxes. •Behind the front office, back office and administrative areas are located. •Bell captains station should be located such that there is a commanding view of the resort entrance, registration desk, cashier and elevators. • Storage space for luggage is provided. •Keys and mail slots are designed as one unit and placed directly behind the registration desk. •There should be a separate desk for the cashier; preferably adjacent to the registration desk

5. CLOAK ROOM AND TOILETS: •Provide cloakroomz for main lobby, restaurant, and junction room. •A number of w.c, urinals, washbasins, and one w.c for each sex for disabled persons should be provided. •For women's toilet provide vanity top, mirrors, good lighting etc.

6. ADMINISTRATION AREA: •The administration of a resort operation depends entirely upon its area. •A large sized resort will have a manager and an assistant manager. •There will be a reception office where one or two typist/receptionist will be acting as a buffer between the public and the manager. •There may be an office for the food and beverage manager and a banquet manager.•lf the resort has sizable convention facilities then, an office for the convention manager and his assistance should be provided •Accessibility to the public is the main important factor to be considered. 7. RESTAURANT FACILITIES: (i) DINING SPACE: • Every resort must consider the feeding of guests. • A large resort will have a pleasant three meal restaurant or all day dining- restaurant for simple meals. • A specialty restaurant with its appropriate decor for more leisurely dining will offer a more varied menu with probably higher cost per meal. • The cocktail or lobby lounge will usually be found close to the dining room. •Where convention facilities are offered within a resort it is wise to have a bar placed close to the convention facilities. •The decor must be developed to entice the resort guests to eat in the resort restaurant rather than outside in other specialty restaurants. •Supper clubs or night clubs may also he found in large resorts; for these, facilities like a stage of sorts, attendant stage lighting, dressing rooms for performers, and a room for the orchestra should be provided as close to the main kitchen as possible.

(ii) BARS: • Cocktail lounge: 1.8-2sqm/p •General bar (some standing and on stool): I.3-1.7sqm/p • Main bar may have external entrance to encourage non-resident business. •Fairly long bar counter supported by bar store with ice making machine and bottle coolers should be provided. •Section may he required for the service of simple meals.

(iii) LOUNGES: •Provision should be made for waiting and relaxing either in relation to lobby or circulation areas or to the bars. •More lounge space is required in resorts rather than other hotels. •Service of drinks, tea and coffee should be provided from dispense or from main kitchen.8. RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: The fired/ties that should he provided are: •Card room •Activity room •Table tennis •Billiard room •Swimming pool

•Health club •Gymnasium •Out door party space•Play ground etc.

9. CONVENTION FACILITIES: • Multipurpose room for meetings, banquets, balls, parties, exhibition etc. •Design consideration includes: -Separate entrances should he provided if the room is large. -Moveable partitions must be provided. -Separate access for guests and service facilities should be given. -Audio visual equipments have to be provided. • Space allowances: Banquet style seating :1.1-1.3sqm/p Meetings: table group:0.9-1.1sqm/p Theater style seating :0.5-0.6sqmip •Other requirements for function room: -Pre funnction assembly space with dispense bar (approximately 1/3rd of function room) -Furniture store 0.5sqm /seat which can he easily accessible from function room or meeting space.

• Acoustical value of walls must be carefully analyzed. • Moveable partitions should he .full height of the ceiling and folds away completely into pockets.• In large _/unction room, provide separate access /or heavy exhibits. Allow 510kg/sqm floor loading.

MEETING ROOMS: •Separate meeting rooms can also be provided. •Can vary in size from 10 to as many as 100 people capacity.

BUSINESS CENTER: •It should contain an independent unit, with private offices and conference rooms.

10.GUEST-FLOOR CORRIDORS: •It acts as a transitional space between the public space and the guest room. Corridors should not he over 10(1ft in length and 5 feet inches is considered as an adequate width. •Lighting will play an important part in making the corridors seems more interesting and less stretched out. •Ceiling voids are often used to house engineering services. •Height to ceiling should be not less than 2.25meters. •The lower portion of the walls will be damaged by being banged with luggage's or trolleys, so it might well be designed as a dada made of a bruise-and-shock-resistant material or it can be merely marked off with a contrasting colour or wall covering.

11. (i) GUEST BEDROOMS: The length and width of the bedroom is determined by the amount of furniture that is to go into the room and by the degree of luxury that the hotel operator wishes to achieve. Length of the bed :6 '-6'6" Single bed :3 '6 "wide Full sized bed :4 '6 "wide Queen sized bed :5 'wide King sized bed :6 'wide •There should be 3 '-3 '6" isle • Width of the room must be more than 12ft. •Provide dresser or cupboard with drawers. It requires a minimum of 18 "to 20" in width. •Sitting facilities should be provided in the bedrooms. •Writing and makeup area should be given proper lighting. •Luggage stand should be provided. •Provide one light switch at the door to turn on one light inside the room and then provide a battery of light switches at the bed to control the other lighting in the room.

•Television, telephones, in-room fax, t-1 lines etc should be given in the room.• Studio rooms or alcove suites can also be given in the resorts. •Sound transmission from one room to another should he reduced as far as possible. • Permament suits should be provided. Room sizes: Single bed room :8.75sqm Double bed room:12.5,sqm Twin bed room :13.5sqm

(ii) GUEST BATHROOMS: •The minimum bathroom will have a combination of tub-shower, a lavatory and a water closet. •The tub in a guest room is normally a 5fi tub. •Bath room counter top should be wide enough to allow ample space for toiletries, shampoo etc. •A G. F.1 electrical convenience outlet must be placed in this area .for electric shavers, electric tooth brush etc. •Towel bars must be strategically placed so that the guest can reach for a towel regardless of whether she is stepping out of the tub or washing at the lavatory. •Tiles and stone are the two commonly used material walls and floors.•Good lighting should be provided.

(iii) GUEST-FLOOR SERVICE AREA: •Every guest-room floor will have a service area. •This space is provided to store linen (both soiled and clean). •It should have space to store maid's carts and service carts. •Every floor should have storage space for cots, extra bed, spare television etc. (iv) GUEST-ROOM CLOSET: •The longer the guest-room slay is anticipated, then the larger should he the closet. The large walk-in closet should he provided in resorts.•It should he possible to store the luggage out of sight in the closet without diminishing the available hanging space. •It should have a hang rod with sufficient space to hold clothes, a shelf for packages, pillows etc. •A walk-in closet must have a good source of light. • A reach-in closet should also have light inside or outside the closet so that the guest can see what is inside. •Closet doors should be strategically located to avoid banging into open doors.

2.15 HEALTH CLUB Location: plan the club so that guest can reach it directly from the guestroom elevators and members from the street or parking areas withoutpassing through lobby area. A health club will include a gym(fitness centre),but usually much more besides 1 health. •A spacious, fully equipped gym Exercise studios •Personal training -Juice bar •Swimming pool -Spa-Steam room / sauna •Shops FITNESS CENTRE Fitness centre is a intergrated part of a health club or leisure centre which allows 'gym users' or gym goers' to exercise effectively using a wide range of resistance and cardiovascular machines.Many gyms also provide exercise classes - Body Pump, Body Combat, Spinning, RPM, aerobics, step and more - in exercise studios, run by professional exercise and fitness teachers. Many leading resorts come fully equipped with small gyms available to guests. The very best hotel gyms also allow non-staying gym members through their doors. Allowing non-hotel guests to use the facility means that they must compete head on with other local facilities - upping their game and services Typically hotel gyms (good, bad or different) will house: •Resistance machines •A range of free weights •Cardiovascular machines - treadmills, rowers, bikes, cross trainers etc• 'Stretching areas •'The best hotel gyms will also employ fitness instructors and or personal trainers to aid the workouts of guests and members.

TYPES OF FITNESS CENTRE Luxurious: These gyms are the places that give you everything: Fitness, pampering and excellent service. Usually part of a chain, they often have lots of extras like a spa, pool and grooming. The gyms tend to be based on weight loss rather than strength and conditioning, but often there are excellent instructors. Hardcore: The hardcore gyms tend to go for bodybuilders, power lifters and other serious trainers. They are independently run and have great free weight facilities and hardly any running machines. My local Spit & Sawdust gym has 1 stationary bike for example. instructor quality is more varied. In between: Most gym, somewhere between these 2 extremes. Some start out as hardcore and expand, some try to appeal to everyone. Multi Gyms: The multi gyms keep improving in quality, sophistication and the options that are :available. The multi stack multi gyms are the old standbys of the home gym industry and consist of blocks or disks of weights attached to a lever or pulley system. Changing the amount you lift is easy, you just move a pin in the weight stack or add another plate in plate-loading models. Using a weight-stack gym machine has several advantages: •It looks and feels more like models you find in gyms. •A definite plus for those who have lifted in the health-club setting. Weight stacks give you a point of reference: •Non-weight-stack models may turn them off because of their different feel.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR FITNESS CENTER: •Key design goals and considerations for Fitness Centers include the following: Support the Active Environment. •Create an interior design environment that supports the energy and activity inherent in the facility.•High ceilings and ample circulation space encourage activity.•Interior design and color selection provide a sense of activity but should not overwhelm the eye or clash with the colorful work-out clothing typically worn by patrons.Vary the interior volumes to avoid a "big box" feeling. •Provide as much natural light as possible while considering glare for patrons.Use key activities as design focal and to enhance interest. •Safety is a critical element of fitness center design and includes imparting a sense of security as well as injury prevention: •Provide visual access to all potentially dangerous, unstaffed spaces. •Provide proper impact flooring for each space for fall attenuation and appropriate cushioning for bone and joint health.

•Do not create hidden or dark corners and provide alarms or call buttons in key remote spaces such the sauna, massage room, and outdoor areas.Ensure good indoor air quality and natural light. •Provide a Durable and Maintainable Facility.•Provide durable interior finishes with impact protection, especially in group exercise rooms and free-Weight areas.•Provide additional ventilation in fitness areas. Balance increased ventilation needs with energy usage and sustainability issues.

HYDROTHERAPY: Special infra-red ray treatments in the sauna, chill shower, steam bath along with signature baths make hydrotherapy truly an invigorating experience. Feel one with yourself message jets provide pressure points on the entrie body to detoxify and relax. The therapy dilates blood vessels, increases blood flow, and allows the right supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

JUICE BAR: Juice bar along with an exclusive retiring lounge create an environment that helps you can talk to in house wellness consultants who will help you design a programme that is just right for you.

SPA: The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as balneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular, and offer various personal care treatments. Spa- places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit.The spa also offers a feast to your senses through world-class amenities. Private changing and dressing rooms, luxurious treatment suites, spacious beauty therapy and hydrotherapy rooms, sauna, steam and chill shower facilities, state-of-the-art gym.

SPA FOUNDATION General Guidelines: Select a structurally sound flat surface that is reasonably level to serve as your spa's foundation. A foundation that shifts or settles may cause stress to the spa shell. The foundation that your spa rests on must have a weight bearing load capability of supporting the weight of the spa, its water, and the people using it.

TYPES OF SPA .Ayurvedic spa, a spa in which all treatments and products arc natural and it's often used as alternative medicine. Club spa, a facility whose primary purpose is fitness and which offers a variety of-professionally administered spa services on a day-use basis. .Day spa, a spa offering a variety of professionally administered spa services to clients on a day-use basis. Dental spa, a facility under the supervision of a licensed dentist that combines traditional dental treatment with the services of a spa. Destination spa, a facility with the primary purpose of guiding individual spa-goers to develop healthy habits. Historically a seven-day stay, this lifestyle transformation can be accomplished by providing a comprehensive program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education, healthful cuisine and special interest programming. Hot tub, an outdoor spa used for bathing and self cleansing ‘Medical spa, a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional whose primary purpose is to provide comprehensive medical and wellness care in an environment that integrates spa services, as well as traditional, complimentary and/or alternative therapies and treatments. These spas typically use balneotherapy, employing a variety of peloids. Balneotherapy treatments can have different purposes. In a spa setting, they can be used to treat conditions such as arthritis and backache, build up muscles after injury or illness or to stimulate the immune system, and they can be enjoyed as a relief from day-to-day stress. Resort/hotel spa, a spa owned by and located within a resort or hotel providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPA: Hard Surface Options (Decking and Flooring): In addition to selecting a hard surface that meets the recommended safety and maintenance criteria, consider textures and colours that will assist in enhancing the aesthetics of the areain which the spa will be installed. The decision to blend the hard surface colours and textures with those of the spa should only be made after carefully researching the options. Surrounding Landscape: The correct landscape around your spa will not only soften the adjacent hard surface areas, but will add life and much enjoyment to the environment. If the budget allows, you may want to consult with a Landscape Architect for expert advice. Spa-Side Accessories: Besides selecting the correct hard surfaces and landscape around the spa, the addition of the proper spa-side accessories will provide just the finishing touch that we are looking for. Spa steps, benches, towel racks, planter boxes, or an outdoor fireplace are just a few of the items that can be considered when accessorizing your spa

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON SPA DESIGN Interior design should provide a residential not institutional feeling. A simple yet effective zone keying system should be installed. A proper "signage" system should be installed for easy traffic flow. All treatment areas should be as sound proof as possible. Materials: Non-corrosive materials should be used in all high moisture areas (Vents, ducts, drains, ceiling & wall cover). Easy to clean moisture resistant materials should be used in all high moisture areas. Consider using local materials and integrating cultural and artistic traditions.Locker / Changing / Vanity Area :•Provide for appropriate number of half size lockers (two per full size locker banks) on each side •Provide a separate alcove with third-size lockers (two per full size locker banks) for members on each side.•Utilize moveable benches or Ottomans on casters for seating by lockers •Provide wall mounted soap, shampoo & conditioner dispensers in showers

•Provide make-up lights around vanity mirrors on women's side •Provide wall mounted magnified shaving mirrors at vanity on men's side 'Provide wall mounted hair dryer units at vanities on both sides 'Provide for electrical outlets above vanities •Flooring in locker and changing area should be carpeted, all other areas tiled Locker Room Wet Area •Accommodate Sauna, Steam, Whirlpool and Cold Pool (if applicable). •Provide lounge with water proof seating near each wet area. •Provide clothing hooks throughout area. •Flooring should be non-slip easily cleanable tile. •Provide for non-corrosive ventilation ducts in this area. •Outflow of HVAC should be provided for 25 air changes per tour. •Provide for ozone water purification system for whirlpools. (No smell). •Provide a self service beverage service station with sink, counter, storage cabinet, mini-fridge and ice machine. •Provide for clean soiled linen storage.

SPA DESIGN TIPS FROM THE EXPERTS Create Texture: Use wall hangings, pillows, rugs and tinkle h bed coverings to create texture and contrast in your spa. Locally made textiles embody' a return to folkloric ideals and handmade crafts. Balance a combination of elements, such as reclaimed woods and other recyclables, textured glass, and metals such as copper and bronze. Bring the Outdoors In: Create a sense of the outdoors indoors by using with waterfalls, bamboo, and stone. Natural elements such as calming waters and meditative gardens intrigue spa visitors as they experience the environment along with their treatments. Don't Forget Dramatic Doors: Pay attention to doors and entryways: they signify a "crossing-over" to a place where people can leave their everyday lives behind. Water features, plants, and specialized lighting can liven up a plain looking door. Choose Colors that Stimulate the Senses: Flat color is out, and color with depth and character .reate environments that engage the senses. Splashes of color enliven our spirits; textures engage our touch; aromas tantalize our sense of smell. All aspects contribute to the overall experience and ultimately the success of a spa.

COMPONENTS OF A SPA FACILITY The Basics:•Reception Desk and Welcome area •Reservations and Scheduling •Retail/Spa Boutique• Men's and Women's Locker Rooms •Dry Treatment Rooms •Wet Treatment Rooms •European Hydro-Massage •Treatment Showers and Baths• Treatment Waiting Area Treatment Lab

LOCATION & ACCESS .Located in –dry therapy area with massage Salon area. •Lounge and wait area should be within close proximity to the treatment rooms this minimizes traffic in between treatments). Room Set-Up: Sink should be located behind lounge or to the side. (both hot and cold running water is necessary) sink should be located behind lounge or to the side. (both hot and cold running water is necessary)Flooring :•Linoleum or vinyl tile- floor must be non-porous, surface, smooth and washable.• Walls, Ceilings, and Doors• Wall paper or paint. •Doors must be solid and have some type of numbering or lettering for identification and an “in use” sign. Lighting:Indirect lighting with dimmer control on wall or overhead at edge of ceiling, not directly over facial lounge.Task lighting at counter surface. Electrical :•Wall outlet at foot and sides of table. •Counter-height outlet for sterilizer, waxing unit, essential oil diffuser. •In-house with intercom, in each room.

DESIGN FOR BEAUTY SERVICESIN A SPA ENVIRONMENT:Beauty-related services such as nails, hair, and make-up can be integrated into the spa environment, and some are best offered in a separate salon area. Floors should be of a material that is easy to clean (ie. Vinyl tile). •Lighting should be flattering to hair and Skin. •Include a separate small reception counter which also acts as the retail point of sale. •Clients must be able to directly access the salon from the women's locker room.

DESIGN FOR FACIAL ROOMS Design Considerations •Laundry drop directly 5f rooms, preferably dropping into chute or carts. •Millwork for cabinets •Provide extra sound proofing between rooms and hallways.Equipment: •Facial lounges: 72"x30". •Provide a sink. •Provide stool on rollers, with adjustable height and back support.Space Requirements :80-100 sq. 8'x10' or 10'x10'. (allow enough space for door to open comfortably, at the foot of table)

DESIGN FOR MASSAGE/TOUCH THERAPY ROOM Design Considerations • Massage rooms should have a small sink and linen cabinet. Provide storage above and below sink • Rooms need to be sound insulated. • use lever-type hardware for door knobs (therapists have oil on their hands) • Equipment: 72"x30" massage tables: (deep tissue tables should be 39" wide) Tables should have built-in shelves and an adjustable face cradle attached to the end of table--adding another 12" to the end of table massage table upholstery should be made from Naugahyde with a smooth surface with medium firm padding Space Requirements: Generally 120-140 sq. ft., room variations include: 9'x12', 19'x12', 10'x14', 12'x12' therapist requires a min 3' work-space around the massage table.

Location & Access: Located in "dry" therapy area. It should have access to laundry storage and drop off Room Set-Up: Sink and cabinet should be in corner at an angle in 9'x12' rooms. Sinks should have hot and cold water Flooring: Vinyl tile, wood, or cushioned recreational surface. Avoid tile, marble, or granite (too hard for the therapist to stand on) Walls, Ceilings, and Doors: Washable wall paper or paint. Allow doors to open comfortably. Doors need lettering or numbering and an "in use" sign or light

SWIMMING POOL A swmming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is a usually artificially constructed container filled with water intended for swimming or water_based recreation. There are many standard sizes., the largest and deepest is the Olympic size. A pool can be built either above or in the ground, and from materials such as metal, plastic, fibreglass or concrete. public pools are often found as part of a larger leisure centre or recreational complex. These centres often have more than one pool, such as an indoor heated pool, an outdoor saltwater or unheated chlorinated pool, a shallower children's pool, and a paddling pool for toddlers and infants. There may also be a sauna and one or more hot tubs or spa pools ("jacuzzis") SOUND SYSTEMS AND LIGHTING Sound System: There should be 3 separate sound systems in the facility for each of the following: • Public spaces generate system for

majority of including weight gym • Treatment rooms-strategically located

A typical swimming pool needs system with individual controls in each room.

Aerobics gym - separate system housed directly in gym with cassette and CD player.

LIGHTING 1. Consider incandescent "mood" lighting 2. 2. Lamps and sconces should reflect

theme and "soul" of property 3. Should be indirect throughout the

building and on rheostats seven major components:

• A basin • A motorized pump • A water filter • A chemical feeder • Drains •Returns •PVC plastic plumbing connecting all of these elements

WALL SLOPES To a depth of 5 ft from the top, the wall It shall be installed continuous slope shall not be more than 1 ft horizontal around all public swimming pools. in 5 ft vertical. FLOOR SLOPES: The slope of the floor in the shallow end shall not exceed 1 ft vertical to 7 ft where steps occur. horizontal . The transition point between hallow and deep water shall not be less than 4'/2 or more than 5 ft deep .

WADING POOLS By definition, a wading pool shall normally be a small pool for swimming children, only, used only for wading shall have a maximum depth at the deepest point Not greater than 24 in.

OVERFLOW GUTTERIt shall be installed continuous along all public swimming poolsThe overflow gutter eliminated across the top tread

WALKS Walks shall be continuous around the pool with a minimum width of 8 ft of the pool edge, if such a curb is unobstructed clear distance including a curb at the p used. A minimum of a 3 ft walk width Shall be provided on the sides and rear of any piece of diving Equip-meet. All walks ,decks and terraces shall have a minimimum slope of V4 in per foot to Drains or points at which the water will have a free un obstructed flow to points of disposal.

DIMENSIONSLENGTH: The length of the swimming pool varies to 50m. from 15m .WIDTH Most European pools are between 10 n1 and 50 m wide. DEPTH: The depth of a swimming pool depends on the purpose of the pool, and whether it is open to the public or strictly for Private use. If it is a public pool it man slope from 3.0 to 5.5 m (9.8 to 18.0 ft) in the deep end. A children's play pool may be from 0.3 to 1.2 m (1.0 to 4 ft) deep. DESIGN, DETAIL AND STRUCTURAL STABILITY All swimming pools shall be designed and constructed to withstand All anticipated loading for both full and empty conditions. A hydrostatic relief valve and/or a suitable under drain system shall be provided for in—ground pools. The designing architect or engineer shall be responsible for ensuring the stability of the pool design for both full and empty conditions.

SHAPE – The shape of any swimming pool shall be such that the circulation of pool water and control of swimmers' safety are not impaired. There shall be no underwater or overhead projections or obstructions which would endanger patron safety or interfere with proper pool operation.

SHALLOW END – The depth of water at the shallow end shall- be at least 3 feet (0.9 m), but not more than 3 feet 6 inches (1.1 m), except for special-purpose pools.

BOTTOM SLOPE The bottom of the pool shall slope toward the main drain. Where the water depth is less than 5 feet (I.5 m), the bottom slope shall not exceed 1 foot vertical in 12 feet horizontal (1:12). Where the water depth ,seeds 5 feet(1.5 m), the bottom slope shall not exceed 1 foot vertical in 3 feet horizontal (1: 3)

AREA MARKED – The boundary line between the shallow and deep areas shall be marked by a line of contrasting color at least 4 inches (10 cm) wide on the floor and walls of the pool, and by a safety rope and floats equipped with float keepers. Safety rope anchors should be recessed.

INFINITY EDGE POOL An infinity edge pool (also named negative edge, zero edge, infinity pool, disappearing edge, or vanishing edge pool) is a swimming or reflecting pool that produces a visual effect of water extending to the horizon, vanishing, or extending to "infinity." The term also is used to describe perimeter overflow pools (pools that may be on level parcels, wherein the water flows over one or more edges, usually flush with the decking elevation). One type of location in which the effect is particularly impressive is where the infinity edge appears to merge with a larger body of water such as the ocean, or with the sky (if the pool is located on the side of a hill or field green),Infinity edge pools are often seen at exotic resorts and exclusive estaites, in advertisements and in other luxurious places. The infinity pool design concept is said to have originated in France, where one of the first vanishing edge designs \as utilized in the "Stag Fountain" at the Palace of Versailles in the early 1600s.

INFINITY POOL INSTALLATION Infinity pools are designed to give you the illusion that your pool is a continuous body of water. Also referred to as negative edge pools, these pools have atleast one edge that is slightly lower than the surface of the water. As the water runs over the edge and into a trough it gives the appearance of not having a solid edge. Intfinity pools can be particularly impressive if overlooking a downward slope, such as a valley or hillside. Infinity pools must be built to precise standards with a perfectly level edge to be effective. Instructions 1.Build the holding tank, or pool, with the negative edge facing the desired direction. The walls are constructed of cement reinforced with rebars (metal reinforcement beams). Make absolutely sure that the negative edge is perfectly level, any deviation will cause the water illusion to fail. When building the pool you must install a standard filtering system that is independent of the infinity pool system. 2.Build a trough beneath the negative edge to catch the water flowing over the side of the infinity pool. This trough will act as a reservoir for water going into the holding tank, which in turn gets pumped back into the pool. 3. Connect the trough to the water-holding tank with properly sized piping. Connect pipes from holding tank to an adequately powered pump for the size of your pool. ( with pipes from the pump back into the pool.

CIRCULATION Toilets should be accessible directly from both dressing room and pool.Seperate ones for "wet” and “dry” bathers are desirable. Disinfecting foot, baths should be placed between pool and toilet. Bathers returning from from the pool should preferably pass through a separate drying room to the dressing room, and the “wet” and “dry” .

DESIGN OF CHANGING ROOMS Changing facilities can be provided either as individual team changing rooms, large communal changing areas or a combination of both, where it is necessary to have flexibility of provision. Individual team changing rooms are preferred. They provide for pre-match talks and deter disagreements on the field from continuing after a match. Some multi-pitch locations, for example on higher and further education sites, can justify the more economical communal changing approach. Dressing-Locker Room. An average of 14 sq . ft . per pupil Key points are: • Layouts must provide flexibility for different proportions of male/female use. •Generally the minimum area calculated at 1m2 per person. •All changing areas need to be fitted with sight screens to deny views

SHOWER AREA Each changing unit requires its own showers located as far as possible from changing entrances and WCs to minimise water migration and to separate mud and moisture. •Allow one shower point to every three or four changing spaces. Ideally, plan for one square metre for the shower area and the same for the drying area. To accommodate wheelchair access avoid raised thresholds. •Shower outlets should be at 750mm intervals with 450-500mm between end fittings and side walls. Fittings carried around an internal corner should maintain these minimum standards. •Showers on opposing walls should be spaced 2.5m apart to permit a central circulation route and v.' a separate dry-off area to one end.

INDOOR SPORTS INDOOR BADMINTON COURT BADMINTON COURT STANDARD Minimum ceiling height of an indoor badminton court about 25 feet high. And then add a further 8-10 feet for lighting space, etc. So in total a 33 feet height (10m). A minimum 5' unhindered area on all sides of the court. Non slippery yet smooth and leveled. SOFTOUT: Softout of a sports court surface is made of rubber carpet and acryl coats. These materials product !pie elasticity in the surface, which makes the court player friendly. They result in curtailing injury risks for those playing on the court. This surface is very low on maintanance and performs excellently in a wide range of extreme temperature (50 1 20 degree Celsius).1.GREEN: The production of PVC floor of the main raw material is polyvinyl chloride, PVC is environmentally non-toxic renewable resource, The environmental protection is no need to worry about. 2. SUPER ANTI-SLIP: PVC floor surface has a special slip resistant floor, but also compared with the normal ground material, PVC flooring in the viscosity of water under foot feeling more astringent, less likely to slide, that is, the more water the more astringent.3.ACCOUSTIC NOISE CANCELING: PVC flooring material can not be compared with ordinary sound-absorbing effect of the ground, the sound sbsorption of up to 20 dB.4.QUICK INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION: PVC floor installation d construction is very fast, without mortar, the ground conditions are good with special environmental binder adhesive, can be used after 24 hours. 5.EASY MAINTENANCE: PVC floor maintenance is very convenient, with a dirty floor mop wipe. 6. GREEN RENEWABLE:Today is the era of a pursuit of sustainable development, new materials, new energy emerging, PVC flooring is the only surface decoration materials recycling, which for the protection of our planet's natural resources and ecological environment has great significance .

ACOUSTICS • The internal acoustic conditions within a sports hall should be appropriate for its intended use. •It will be beneficial to all users that the ambient noise levels are low and that verbal communication is easy and critically important for people 10" impairment or learning difficulties.

BOWLING ALLEY AREA Length:The total length of regulation bowling equipment from the front of the approach th e back of the pinsetter machine is 83 feet,2 inches. The approach is 16 feet long-the, lane (from the foul line2 to the back of the pin deck) is 63 feet, andto the pinsetter machine adds another4 feet 2 inches.Width: Bowling alleys with fewer lanes, whose space is not designed well, tend to appear as unattractive long tunnels. There are several ways to mitigate this unwanted including adding mirrors, wall murals, or windows However, the most effective way is to simply add more width to the room.

BILLIARDS A classically designed billiards room makes the perfect setting for a night of entertainment with friends and family. While simply having a billiards table takes entertainment for great entertainment, designing a room specifically for the game will make it much more encompassing. With a few supplies and an hour to spare, you can feel classic billiards room in your home. DESIGN 1.Position the billiards table in the center of the room. It is important to have equal space. on all sides of the billiards table so players can shoot without worry of bumping a wall or breaking anything. An experienced billiards player will the . adapt to the environment around the table so long as it is even on all sides.

2.Install a pool cue rack along one wall of the billiards room. A place to store pool cues and chalk is a must in a classic billiards room. Stock the pool cue rack with a large selection of cues so players can find one that suits their needs. 3 Install an adjustable light above the billiards table. An adjustable light allows you to change the mood of the room and select lighting based upon the time of day if there are windows in the room. Proper lighting is a must when playing billiards---a room that is too bright or too dim can induce eye strain and make accurate shots more difficult. 4 Place comfortable chairs along the walls of the room. It is important that billiards players have a place to sit while they wait their turn to play. Black leather is a good choice for a classic chair. 5 Place a stocked mini-refrigerator in the billiards room so that no one goes thirsty. If children will b, unless it has a locking mechanism on the door.

CORRIDORS Guests coming or going late at night, coming out or getting into the elevators, may talk loudly or may be too noisy, in which case they would be disturbing guests whose doors open off this area .The foyer should be further demarked from the guest-room corridor by its decor and lighting . It is always a thoughtful touch to have certain appurtenances which indicate consideration for the guest in the total overall planning . The guest-floor corridors are transitional spaces between the public space.

DESIGN ASPECTS DIMENSION-WIDTH AND LENGTH •Good practice indicates that a corridor should, if at all possible, not be over 100 ft in length. •It sometimes occurs that, because of the size of the hotel or its configuration, corridors maybe longer. • There are a number of hotels where corridors stretch out for over 200 ft. •The architect would be well advised to introduce an interruption of some sort in his corridor planning to keep the guest from feeling as if his approach to his room were an endless path.The interruption may be by means of a change in dimension or, if the plan permits, a change in direction...6 ft is considered an adequate width.

ACCOMODATION The planning of the typical guest room area presents some of the greatest challenges in the resort design. 65 to 85 % of the total resort area represents the guest room area.

PLANNING OBJECTIVES 1.0rientation of the building and plan configuration selected not only tc enhance views but to reduce energy expenses for conditioning. 2.Minimize the impact of lateral wind loading on the structure. 3.Reduce as much as possible the walking distances for both guest and the housekeeping staff. 4.Adequate number of linen storage and vending areas, and small electrical and phone equipment rooms. 5.Plan types range in shape from long, double-loaded corridor plans, to compact vertical towers, to flam bouyant atrium structures or a large lobby space so that some of the rooms look into the hotel interior.

BACK OF THE HOUSE:The back of the resort comprises of 1.Service bay 2.Kitchen and food stores 3. Laundry 4. House keeping department 5. Storage space 6. Maintenance space 7. Administration area 8. Service unit

1. SERVICE BAY:•It is the place where services occur. •It must be laid out with two paramount objectives: control and efficiency.•Covered loading dock should be provided. •The dock should be located out of sight of the guests. •The receiving department should be located directly on or adjacent to the loading dock •A good back of the house plan will he worked out in such a war that the flow of supplies is tightly controlled by the security. •The garbage room must he so placed that the receiving office has this space in full view. •It is advisable to have the entry and egress of all employees at the loading dock itself •The employees dressing and locker areas should he located at a minimum possible distance from their entrance. •Locker rooms should he provided with ample toilet facilities and showers. •Uniform distribution counters should also he adjacent to the locker rooms or to the point of entry. •It is preferable to locate the service entrance out of view of the main entrance to the resort, but it should have direct access to a street. •Offices for steward and timekeeper should he provided near the loading dock. •For multi storied buildings service elevators are a must. •Trash chute and linen chute can also be provided connecting each floor to the service room.

2. KITCHEN AND FOOD STORES: • Possible the kitchens should be planned on one level to serve all catering outlets. If not, main kitchen should be on level with main restaurant with preparation area and store on different levels. This should be linked by service elevators and stairs and should have own forward service equipment. •All storage room should be planned to be locked off from staff when not in use and should be under the control of store man.•Approximate space allowance for kitchen planning including food store, cold rooms, wash areas, chefs office: • Main restaurant kitchen area :1.4sqm x No of covers • Banquet kitchen and service area :0.2sqm x No of covers • Coffee shop kitchen :0.3sqm x No of covers • Separate independent coffee shope:0.45sqm x No of covers•Allow approximately 50% extra space .for staff toilet, changing room, canteen and other store

(i) MAIN KITCHEN: •After the food products have been weighed in, they are sent to either dry or liquid storage. •Canned food and other bottled/packaged food, which does not need refrigeration, will be sent to dry storage rooms. •Vegetables are stored in a cold holding room. •Dairy products are kept in separate cold storage. •Fish, fowl, meat are kept in refrigeration boxes.•Vegetable preparation area should be provided along with workspaces, sinks, cutting boards etc. •Fish preparation and butchery are done in separate spaces. •Bakery facility must be provided near food service area. •Preliminary cooking is done in rough cooking area.

•Pot washing area should be provided close to the rough cooking area. •The final cooking is done in the finished cooking area. •Service tables with plate warmers at its bottom should be provided. The cooked foods are picked up by the waiters from this table. •A separate garde-manger section should he provided for the preparation of salads, desserts, seafood, cocktails etc.•The dishwashing area is provided close to dining room area, isolated from cooking and servicing area. •Waiter's self servicing area is provided close to exit (for bread, buffer, coffee, tea, ice etc). Roll warmers, coffee urns, toasters. e boilers etc are found here. •A service bar with bartender is provided to prepare the drinks. •A checker controls all foods and beverages leaving the kitchen area to make sure that the items are correct and the prices properly indicated. ( i) KITCHEN SUPPORT SPACES: (a) Chef's office: - The chef s office is set where the chef can observe all the activities in the kitchen. This office is usually enclosed with glass to give the chef aural privacy but complete visual control.(b) Room service area: - There must be sufficient space, for large number of room service rolling tables. - The room service area is always close to the cooking and garde-manger area. - It must he as close to the service elevators as possible. - The service elevators should connect the service areas on al! floors to the kitchen. - Room service operator sits at a telephone taking calls from the guest. (c) Banquet area: -A large resort will require a separate banquet kitchen with its own cooking and dish washing area. - If the banquet facilities are not on the same floor as the dining rooms, an elevator should he provided to connect the main kitchen with the banquet area.

(iii) EMPLOYEES SERVICE FACILITIES: •Employees' cafeteria should be provided close to the locker rooms and yet contiguous to the main kitchen. •This cafeteria need not have a separate dish wash area. •They should have toilets and washrooms for themselves near the kitchen.

(iv) BEVERAGE SERVICE AREA: •It may be a bar or a cocktail lounge. •There will he a bar will stools and an area .for cocktail tables and chairs.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR KITCHEN: •The kitchen floor should be of some material, which can be easily cleaned •It should offer firm feet hold to prevent slipping on wet sports. •Floors should have a sloping gradient not more than 1:20.

3. LAUNDRY FACILITIES: •A laundry is a usual adjunct of most good-sized resorts. •It requires a good-sized space for washers, dryers, drum ironers and various pressing machines.

4. HOUSE KEEPING DEPARTMENT: •The housekeeping department has a chief housekeeper, assistant floor housekeeper, maids and porters under them. •It should have a storage space and a place for seamstress. •Housekeeper controls soiled and clean laundry as well as clean uniforms ready for issue. •On an average a maid and a porter together can make up 12-15 rooms on their daily tour of duty.

5. STORAGE SPACE: • Furniture store with adjacent workshop, paint shop etc:0.2-0.3sqm/rm •Cleaning materials :0. 2-4sqm/rm•Glass, silver, china :0. 2sqm/rm •Liquor :0. 2sqm/rm, divided into areas for beer & minerals, bottles, kegs, redwines, 14-16°c, White wine, 10-12°c, spirits

6. MECHANICAL AND MAINTENANCE SPACE: •The equipment for heating and cooling as well as all the tanks and pumps to keep all the mechanical system in operation will be placed here. •In this area will be found all central switch gear that controls electric current for every purpose in the resort complex. •This domain belongs to the house engineer and so provision for an engineer's office, with a mechanical repair shop close by should be provided •The other shops that are included are: a carpentry shop, an upholstery shop, an area for a locksmith and a storage room to store spare parts to service the resort.

7. ADMINISTRATION AREA: The offices included in this area are: • Accounting and hook keeping offices • Reservation offices • Offices for management (which includes reception, manager's office & assistant manager's office) • Food and beverage department • Mail .sorting room.

9. SERVICE FACILITIES: Emergency electrical supply: •Generator should be installed. •Essential services must he installed in event of failure of the main supply. Approximately 20% of the public area should have emergency light connection.

Fire alarm system: •Provide manual break glass contacts and automatic smoke or heat detectors with audible warning through out the building. •Provide on all floors hose reels that are capable of reaching every bedroom. •Portable fire extinguishers and fire hydrants should be placed at various strategic locations. •Fire dampers must be provided.

Air conditioning: •Provide a.c to individual rooms •Good maintenance access to all units is essential. •Public areas must be zone controlled to cope will peak loads and for economy when certain areas are not in use. LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT: Not only the component activity :ones involve a strong and readable organization of activities and place but their organization should also be supported and enriched by the landscape development. A general discussion is provided concerning each supporting such concept such as planting, grading, etc.

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING PRINCIPLES: •Naturalistic Design •Native Plants Hold Soil, Water•Right Plant – Right Place •Plant for the Long Term •Diversity and Biomass •Energy Conservation / Cooling •Storm Water Retention •Ecological Value

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING Some of the solutions being developed are: • Reduction of storm water run-off through the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and green roofs and walls. • Reduction of water use in landscapes through design of water-wise garden techniques. •Bio-filtering of wastes through constructed wetlands.

• Landscape irrigation using grey water. • Energy-efficient landscape design in the form of proper placement and selection of shade trees and creation of wind breaks. • Permeable paving materials to reduce storm water run-off and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater rather than run into surface water. • Use of sustainably harvested wood, composite wood products for decking and other landscape projects, as well as use of plastic lumber. • Recycling of products, such as glass, rubber from tires and other materials to tones, mulch and other materials. create landscape products such as paving s • Integration and adoption of renewable energy, including solar-powered landscape lighting. Lighting is the easiest way to save energy and reduce operating costs.

LIGHTING: Lighting is the easiest way to save energy and reduce operating costs.Quality low voltage lighting professionally installed can enhance the landscape and provides many benefits for both residential and commercial applications. Landscape lighting can add safety, security, ambiance, mood and drama to the outdoor environment.One of the primary functions of exterior lighting is to insure safe passage for pedestrian on steps, sidewalks and walkways. Downlighting: Mirroring the effect of the sun or the moon, downlighting is the most natural form of landscape lighting. Choose fixtures that can mounted on eaves and walls or suspended from trees and other elevated structures. This effect is used to provide general illumination for safety, security or outdoor entertainment or it can be used to focus on a singular object such as a statue or specimen tree. Uplighting: It means to light something from below. It is rarely seen in nature yet typically used to highlight the internal structure of plant material, to produce large shadows and dramatic facades or to "wash" walls with light.

Backlighting: Backlighting illuminates the outdoor area with a backdrop of light that subtly extends the landscape's visual depth for night time enjoyment and elegant beauty. It incorporates very subtle wash-lighting of backgrounds such as walls, fences, trellises or other vertical objects. Moonlighting: Moonlighting replicates the effects of the moon and is a form of downlighting. Spotlighting / Highlighting: This effect utilizes a narrowly focused, intense beam of light to accent or highlight a specific landscape object creating a nighttime focal point. Uplighting, downlighting or any combination can be used to create a spotlighting effect; however, care should be given when spotlighting since it has the potential of ruining the subtle beauty if too much light is introduced. Spotlighting is used to emphasize the objects. Path lighting: This technique is used primarily for safety to highlight sidewalks, drives, or any path to ensure safe pedestrian passage night. Avoid lighting that shines in the eyes. Since path light fixtures become an integral part of the landscape during the day, attention should be paid to placement and daytime appearance.Sillhouetting:Silhouetting, is created when the image of a distinctive plant, tree, statue or other landscape object is reflected against a wall or other vertical surface. Place lights behind plant material or object to and direct the light upward onto the backdrop to create this dramatic effect.Underwater lighting: Underwater lighting highlights underwater plant material and captures light to show off depth or imaginative design. Cascading fountains fall reflect light in their movement adding a visual perspective to the sound of rippling or spraying water. Grazng light: Grazing light is utilized to highlight and enhance the textures of interesting surfaces such as cobblestone, masonry, stucco or tree bark. Hooded wide beam spread lamps are ideal for this technique.Shadowing: This effect creates a visual similar to silhouetting however the is positioned in front of the plant or object rather than behind it. Since the shadow of the object magnified the effect can be more dramatic than silhouetting.

LANDSCAPE MATERIALS: Commonly a viable salvaged materials include: Concrete: Used in Patio, walkway & path choices, broken concrete can function as a patio, walkway or rockery. Salvage it from your own walkway or patio demolition.Slone and brick: Used in Patio, walkway & path, these materials are plentiful, thanks to continual building and landscape renovations. Stone and brick is available at used building material stores and salvage companies.Metal:Give your yard texture and function with everything from industrial surplus sheet metal to vintage wrought iron gates. Industrial salvage yards and scrap yards are good sources of metal. Architectural elements: Create a landscape focal point with masonry, concrete or terra cotta architectural salvage. These elements tend to be higher-end; find them at building salvage stores and even antique stores.Patios, Walkways and Paths: Walkways provide home and garden access. Well-ratios, Walkways designed walkways create a safe and attractive route of travel. There are many ways to lay a path from Point A to Point B. Fencing Materials : Available standard wood sizes should be considered during design process. However, due to regional variations, some types may not be the available throughout the country.

PLANTING: Planting is one of the key elements available to the designs. It can be used to reinforce the overall organizational and spatial concept Planting is a multi-valued element in the landscape. Planting has the following potentials for visually structuring a development. Planting can •Direct a viewer's use to desired point in space • Serve as a visual focus • Unify divergent fbrms • Define and separate views• Frame a view •Provide a color Planting has the following potentials of functionally organizing a development. It can:-Provide shape - Form a physical barriers - Reduce noise levels -Reduce soil erosion Along with these many positive uses of planting, there are two negative concerns which must he kept in mind: - Planting can provide concealment for potential assailants - Planting requires maintenance. GRADING: The development's grading can be thought of as another opportunity to reinforce and articulate an circulation concept. Too often grading is only thought of as a way of making sure surface water does not drain into potential of the ground plane as a structuring device is completely overlooked. Some of the visual below.. ■ Direct a viewer's use to a desired point in space ■ Serve as a visual forms ■ Separate visually incompatible land uses ■ Form a physical barrier ■ Form a wind break ■ Reduce noise levels ■ Reduce erosion The two elements should be designed together as a system because when they are designed separately, there's the possibility that the two may be in opposition, creating confusion and diluting the overall organizational concept. overall site organization and buildings and the real and functional uses of grading are listed

VENTILATION Definiitions of ventilation states that lets fresh air into a room or building and lets old or dirty air out.

TYPES OF VENTILATION Mechanical or forced ventilation: Through an air handling unit or direct injection to a space by a fan. A local exhaust fan can enhance infiltration or natural ventilation, thus increasing the ventilation air flow rate. Natural ventilation occurs when the air in a space is changed with outdoor air Without the use of mechanical systems, such as a fan. Most often natural ventilation is assured through operable windows but it can also be achieved through temperature and pressure differences between spaces. Open windows or vents are not a good choice for ventilating a basement or other below ground structure. Allowing outside air into a cooler below ground space will cause problems with humidity and condensation. Infiltration is separate from ventilation, but is often used top provide ventilation air.

NATURAL VENTILATION It is the ventilation of a building with outside air without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. It can be achieved with openable windows or trickle vents when the spaces to ventilate are small and the architecture permits. In more complex systems warm air in the building can be allowed to rise and flow out upper openings to the outside (stack effect) thus forcing cool outside air to be drawn into the building naturally through openings in the lower areas. These systems use very little energy but care must be taken to ensure the occupants' comfort. In warm or humid months, in many climates, maintaining thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation may not be possible so conventional air conditioning systems are used as backups. Air-side economizers perform the same function as natural ventilation, but use mechanical systems' fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and distribute cool outdoor air a when appropriate.

SHAFTS: In architecture an airshaft is a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often described as a "square donut“. Alternatively, airshaft may be formed between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the buildings to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra sunlight inside.

SECURITY SYSTEMSSECURITY GUARDS A security guard, (or security officer) is usually a privately and formally employed person who is paid to protect property, assets, or people . Often, security officers are uniformed and act to protect property by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, observing directly, through patrols, or by watching alarm systems or video cameras) for signs of crime, fire or disorder; then taking action and reporting any incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point, point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas that may be used in monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports. military installations, and convenience stores.

SURVEILLANCE PLANNING For many resorts there is usually a front desk and bellman staff on duty for a major part of any 24 hour period. The lay-out of the premises just as often prevents such personnel from adequately follow activities except for the immediate lobby areas. A well planned surveillance system can overcome such deficiencies, make the staff more effective and can improve the security and safety of both premises and guests. Knowing what is going on in corridors on all areas of the entity as well as in the parking lots, momentarily or at any past time period, can become a factor in the operation of the business. A combination of indoor and provide current views on a multi screen monitor placed at the front desk. When the cameras are also connect to a recording device, they can take images at predetermined intervals. The recorded images will be stored and time stamped on tapes or on a computer hard-disk for later review if and when required. Of course if there is no need to review the images, they can be easily removed from the storage media. Cameras can be either wired or wireless. The wireless cameras have the added advantage of being easily moved from one location to another as needs arise. Systems are available is many variations from a few cameras to more elaborate 16 camera configurations. It is possible to monitor the recordings from off-premise locations by use of Internet facilities.

SMOKE DETECTION AND ALARMS An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. A system of interconnected smoke detectors should be installed with units in every room including common as and all non-guest rooms. If they are installed in compliance with nationally recognized standards, the alarm system will alert guests who are at risk.

FIRE SPRINKLERS Fire sprinklers are fundamental to hotel fire safety. You must stay on a fully sprinkle red hotel for you: We have a basic criterion for hotel fire safety a fire sprinkler system with 0-inklers in every room, installed in compliance with nationally recognized standards and then maintained by qualified technicians. Sprinklers are designed to stop a fire when it is small, and they have a superior track record in saving lives and property.

SMOKE DETECTION AND ALARMS. A system of interconnected smoke detectors should be installed, with units in ever)/ room including common areas and all non-guest rooms. If they are installed in compliance with nationally recognized standards, the alarm system will alert guests who are at risk.

EMERGENCY EXIT A fire escape is a type of emergency exit that is external to a building. Some buildings such as schools, have fire drills to practice using emergency exits. Many disasters could have been prevented if people had known where fire escapes were, and if emergency exits had not been blocked. For example, in An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. It is usually a strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely Mace) outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading to it. The name is an obvious reference to when they are frequently used, however a tire exit can also be a main doorway in or out. A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, mounted to the outside of a building. Evacuation and safety instructions are frequently four the inside of hotel room doors.

THE SIZES OF EMERGENCY EXITS If you want to have an emergency exit as small as a window, then it is important that the structure have he maximum height of 44 inches. It is also necessary that the net opening height if the window is not less than inches while the width should be at least 20 inches. the window well must have a length of 36 inches and a width of 60inches. On the other hand, if you like the exit to be as big as a door, then the standard height should be at least 90 inches. The width of the structure is atleast 28 inches.

INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEM After fire protection goals are established usually referencing the minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model building code, insurance agencies, and other authorities - the fire designer undertakes to detail specific components, arrangements, and interfaces necessary to accomplish these goals.

WATER SERVICES •Whenerever possible, pipe work should be concealed in well-detailed, accessible ducts to reduce vandalism and to improve its appearance. •Insulate all pipe work and run beneath roof/ceiling insulation for extra protection and ease of maintenance. •In all-electric buildings/clubhouses, consider a central, multi-point heater in preference to individual shower or basin heaters with limited output. •Hot water storage is wasteful except where there is continuity of use, for example in educational establishments.•Cold water storage, if required, should be in an insulated tank above a shower or other drained area with a frost-protection heater. • If a drinks vending machine is fitted it will require a mains water supply.

• Use thermostatic mixing valves to control the flow and temperature of any stored water. • Fit cylinders with centrally-located 7-day, 24-hour time switches. • Provide bib-cocks in shower areas to allow hosing down. 'drinking fountains should be provided.

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS This is the term that is now applied to all drainage systems that are sustainable whether urban or rural and including natural and engineered structures. Where this becomes relevant to pool design is that local authorities in recent years have made "suds“ sustainable drainage systems a condition of planning applications for new builds or even extensions to existing buildings. accordingly engineers engaged by clubs to design clubhouses should liaise with local authorities to ensure they comply with local planning and building guidelines regarding suds there can be adopted such as “Rain Water Harvestin”, soak ways and “attentuation and flow control”.

WATER CONSERVATION: •It is very important that all clubs consider the conservation of water within their premises in order to achieve savings it is important that any internal or external pipe leaks are eliminated from the outset once this is achieved there are a number of ways of conserving water:. •Installing water saving taps, be it push taps or infrared taps, will reduce the volumes of water used substantially and also eliminate any risks of flooding within the building. •Fitting aerators to the taps reduces the volumes of water been used by as much as 60% and are usually simple to install onto existing taps. •Changing existing showerheads for water saving showerheads. using the principle of aeration, (adding air to reduce the volumes of water) does not affect the performance of the shower but can reduce the volumes used per minute from as high as 20I/min down to 4 to 61/min. •Installing smart Waterless urinals to eliminate water usage altogether. urinals are one of the largest users of water. one urinal can use over 100,000 litres of water in the year.•If your building has old toilet cisterns (> 9 litres) look at installing displacement devices in your toilets. The above are just some ways of reducing the volumes of water straight away. by adopting some of these, not alone are you saving vast quantities of water, but you are also saving the energy required to heat all this extra water. there are other systems which will help in reducing the volume of water used in buildings, most notably by by use of a rain Water harvesting system. by installing an over ground or undergoundtank by the side of your building you can easily capture the rainfall (" the majority of your roof. this can then be recycled and used for tasks such flushing your toilets, irrigation for pitches, cleaning, etc.

PARKING •Easy access and surveillance from housing units. •Vehicular and pedestrian interaction should be carefully analysed with a focus to minimising conflict. •Alternate use of parking, as play area or other such activity, where possible can be considered. •Parking area should not dominate site/streetscape. •Well designed parking lot can fade into the background and still remain fully functional/ accessible and safe. •Break monotony of parking space by introduction of natural and man made elements. •Planting can soften the overall impact of parking areas and to provide shade and noise reduction.

PARKING ANALYSIS: The provision of parking must recognize the sum of various components and interrelationship of the peaks and valley over a 24-hour period. Part 1:determine the components of the parking requirements: over night guests, restaurant and bar patrons, meeting attendants, and other visitors. Part 11: calculate the maximum number of cars that might be reasonably anticipated, planning to accommodate full demand on 80-85 percent of all days. The overnight guest calculation is illustrated by the following example: Number of rooms 400 Percent occupancy 85People per room 1.4Percent arriving by car 4 40People per car 1.5The equation for calculating guest'sParking requirement is as follows: (Rooms) x (% occupancy) x (people/room ) x (% by car) (People/car)Example: 400 x 85 x 1.4 x .40 =127 cars