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ADVANCED GCE PHYSICS B (ADVANCING PHYSICS) 2863/01 Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe *OCE/15124* INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • Write your name clearly in capital letters, your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. • Use black ink.Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. • Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your answer. • Answer all the questions. • Do not write in the bar codes. • Write your answer to each question in the space provided, however additional paper may be used if necessary. • Show clearly the working in all calculations, and give answers to only a justifiable number of significant figures. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Section A and 55 minutes on Section B. • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 70. • Four marks are available for the quality of written communication in Section B. • The values of standard physical constants are given in the Data, Formulae and Relationships Booklet. Any additional data required are given in the appropriate question. • This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. * 2 8 6 3 0 1 * OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over © OCR 2010 [H/100/3709] DC (LEO/SW) 15124/5 Candidates answer on the Question Paper OCR Supplied Materials: • Data, Formulae and Relationships Booklet Other Materials Required: • Electronic calculator Monday 18 January 2010 Afternoon Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION FOR EXAMINER’S USE Section Max. Mark A 20 B 50 TOTAL 70
Transcript of 2863 Jan 10
ADVANCED GCE
PHYSICS B (ADVANCING PHYSICS) 2863/01Rise and Fall of the Clockwork Universe
*OCE/15124*
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Writeyournameclearlyincapitalletters,yourCentreNumberandCandidateNumberintheboxesabove.• Useblackink.Pencilmaybeusedforgraphsanddiagramsonly.• Readeachquestioncarefullyandmakesurethatyouknowwhatyouhavetodobeforestartingyouranswer.• Answerallthequestions.• Donotwriteinthebarcodes.• Writeyouranswertoeachquestioninthespaceprovided,howeveradditionalpapermaybeusedif
necessary.• Showclearlytheworkinginallcalculations,andgiveanswerstoonlyajustifiablenumberofsignificant
figures.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
• Youareadvisedtospendabout20minutesonSectionAand55minutesonSectionB.• Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbrackets[ ]attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion.• Thetotalnumberofmarksforthispaperis70.• FourmarksareavailableforthequalityofwrittencommunicationinSectionB.• ThevaluesofstandardphysicalconstantsaregivenintheData,FormulaeandRelationshipsBooklet.Any
additionaldatarequiredaregivenintheappropriatequestion.• Thisdocumentconsistsof16pages.Anyblankpagesareindicated.
* 2 8 6 3 0 1 *
OCRisanexemptCharityTurn over
©OCR2010 [H/100/3709]DC(LEO/SW)15124/5
CandidatesanswerontheQuestionPaper
OCR Supplied Materials:• Data,FormulaeandRelationshipsBooklet
Other Materials Required:• Electroniccalculator
Monday 18 January 2010Afternoon
Duration:1hour15minutes
THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
Section Max. Mark
A 20
B 50
TOTAL 70
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Answerallthequestions.
Section A
1 StudythegraphsA, B,C,D.
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(a) Choose the graph that best shows the relationship between the number of nuclei of a radioisotope(y)andtime (x).
answer……………………………….[1]
(b) Choosethegraphthatbestshowstherelationshipbetweenthecharge stored on a capacitor (y)andpotential difference across the capacitor(x).
answer……………………………….[1]
2 Aballooncontainsavolumeof2.3×10–3m3ofgas.Thetemperatureofthegasis285K.Thegasisatapressureof2.1×105Pa.Itbehavesasanidealgas.
(a) Showthattheballooncontainsabout0.2molofgas.Statetheequationyouuse.
R=8.3Jmol–1K–1
[2]
(b) Calculatethepressureofthegaswhenthetemperatureis increasedto300K.Thevolumeremainsthesame.
pressureofgas=………………………………..Pa [2]
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3 Hereisalistofastronomicalphenomena:
A redshiftoflightfromdistantgalaxies B microwavebackgroundradiation C stellarparallax D blackholes
From the list, choose the phenomenon that gives the clearest evidence that the Universe isexpanding.
answer ……………………………[1]
4 Theenergyerequiredforonemoleculeofethanoltoevaporateis6.4×10–20J.
(a) CalculatetheBoltzmannfactor,e–e/kT,forthevaporisationofethanolat298K.
k,theBoltzmannconstant=1.4×10–23JK–1
Boltzmannfactor=………………………..[2]
(b) StatetheunitsofthequantitykT.
units=………………………..[1]
5 Acanofdrinkcontainsachemicalheatingpackthatreleases2.9×104Jofenergyintothedrinkwhenactivated.
Calculatethefinaltemperatureofthedrinkassumingnoenergyislosttothecanorsurroundings.
massofdrink=0.19kg specificthermalcapacityofdrink=4200Jkg–1K–1
initialtemperatureofdrink=22°C
finaltemperatureofdrink=………………………….°C [3]
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6 Theneareststar,ProximaCentauri,isatadistanceof4.1×1016mfromEarth.
CalculatethedistancetoProximaCentauriinlight years.
c=3.0×108ms–1
1year=3.2×107 s
distance=…………………lightyears [2]
7 Thegraphbelowshowshowthetotalenergyofanundampedoscillatorvarieswithdisplacement.Thegraphalsoshowshowthekineticenergyoftheoscillatorvarieswithdisplacement.
kineticenergy
energy
displacement0.0–A +A
totalenergy
On thesameaxesdrawacurveshowinghow thepotentialenergyof theoscillatorvarieswithdisplacement. [2]
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8 Fig.8.1showsaforce-extensiongraphforanelasticspring.
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force / N
extension / m
Fig. 8.1
Statewhatisrepresentedbytheshadedarea.
[1]
9 Calculatetheenergystoredona4700mFcapacitorwhenap.d.of9.0Visappliedacrossit.
energystored=……………………..J [2]
[Section A Total: 20]
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Section B
Inthissection,fourmarksareavailableforqualityofwrittencommunication.
10 Thisquestionisaboutusingaradioisotopeofpotassiumtofindtheageofarock.
(a) Asampleofpotassium-40hasamassof2.3×10–6g.
(i) Calculatethenumberofpotassiumnucleiinthesample.
molarmassofpotassium-40=40gmol–1
NA=6.0×1023mol–1
numberofnucleiinsample=……………………….[2]
(ii) Theactivityofthesampleis0.57Bq.Calculatethedecayconstantlforpotassium-40.
decayconstant=………………s–1 [2]
(iii) Usethevalueofltocalculatethehalf-lifeofpotassium-40inyears.
1year=3.2×107 s
half-life=……………………years [2]
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(b) Potassium-40decaysintoastableisotopeofargon.
Aparticularrocksamplewasfoundtocontainnumbersofpotassiumandargonnucleiinaratioofonenucleusofpotassiumtothreenucleiofargon.
Itisassumedthatalltheargonintherockhasbeenproducedfromthedecayofpotassium,andthatnonehasescaped.
(i) Estimatethenumberofhalf livespassedsincetherockwasformedandcalculatetheageoftherock.
ageofrock=……………………………………years [2]
(ii) Infact,someargondoesescapefromtherock.Explaintheeffectthiswouldhaveonthecalculatedageoftherock.
[3]
[Total: 11]
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11 Thisquestionisaboutthegravitationalfieldaroundanasteroid.Theasteroidissphericalandhasuniformdensity.
(a) Fig.11.1showssomeequipotentiallinesaroundtheasteroid.Thereisaconstantgravitationalpotentialdifferencebetweeneachequipotentialline.
X
Fig. 11.1
(i) DrawthegravitationalfieldlinethroughpointX. [2]
(ii) State the feature of the diagram which shows that the gravitational field strengthdecreasesasthedistancefromthesurfaceoftheasteroidincreases.
[1]
(b) Herearesomedataabouttheasteroid.
radius=1.6×105m
mass=8.1×1019kg
(i) Showthatthemagnitudeofthegravitationalfieldstrengthonthesurfaceoftheasteroidisabout0.2Nkg–1.
G=6.7×10–11Nm2kg–2
[2]
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(ii) Itmaybepossibleforaspacevehicletolandontheasteroidtosearchforminerals.
Calculatethegravitationalforceonavehicleofmass3.5×102kgonthesurfaceoftheasteroid.
gravitationalforce=……………………..N[1]
(c) Theasteroidisspinning.Itmakesonecompleterotationevery5.6hours.
1.6 x 105 m
P
Fig. 11.2
(i) Show that the speed of point P on the surface of the asteroid (Fig. 11.2) is about 50ms–1.
[1]
(ii) Calculatethecentripetalforceneededtokeepthevehicleonthesurfaceoftheasteroidatthispoint.
centripetalforce=…………N [2]
(iii) Explainwhythevehiclewillstayonthesurfaceoftheasteroiddespitetherotationoftheasteroid.
[1]
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(iv) An asteroid of similar size and mass is found to spin at four times the speed. Explainwhetherthevehiclewouldstayonthesurfaceofthisasteroid.
[3]
[Total: 13]
12 Thisquestionisabouttherelationship
force = rate of change of momentum.
TherelationshipisoftenwrittenintheformF = (mv –mu)t
.
(a) Aballofmass0.065kg is firedatawall.Thevelocityof theballwhen itstrikesthewall is 18ms–1.Itleavesthewallwithavelocityof–14ms–1.
18 m s–1
–14 m s–1
Fig. 12.1
(i) Showthatthechangeofmomentumoftheballisabout–2.1kgms–1.
[2]
(ii) Theballisincontactwiththewallfor0.13s.
Calculatetheaverageforceexertedontheballbythecollision.
averageforceonball=…………………………..N [2]
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(iii) Statehowtheaverageforceexertedonthewallduringthecollisioncompareswiththeaverageforceontheball.
[2]
(b) Thebehaviourofan idealgascanbemodelledasmanyparticles inconstantmotion.Theparticlescollidewiththewallsofthecontainerwithoutenergyloss.
Use the ideas about force and rate of change of momentum from (a) to explain why thepressureofafixedmassofgasatconstantvolumeincreasesasthetemperatureofthegasincreases.
[3]
(c) Whenanoxygen (O2)moleculewithaspeedof540ms–1bouncesoff theshadedwall ofthecontainershowninFig.12.2,itexperiencesamaximumchangeofmomentumofabout 6×10–23kgms–1.
wall of area 0.5 m2
length L
Fig. 12.2
Calculatetheminimumnumberofcollisionspersecondrequiredforoxygenmoleculesataspeedof540ms–1toexertapressureof1×105Nm–2onawallofarea0.5m2.
minimumnumberofcollisionspersecond=……………………s–1 [2]
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(d) WhenthespeedofanO2moleculeishalved,itsmaximumchangeofmomentumoncollisionwiththewallisalsohalved.
Explainwhy thepressureon thewallsof thecontainer inFig.12.2 is less than half of its previousvaluewhenthespeedoftheparticlesinthecontainerishalved.
[2]
[Total:13]
13 Thisquestionisaboutthevibrationaltestingofasatellite.
The vibrations simulate the shaking the satellite would undergo during launch. Assume thevibrationsaresimpleharmonic.
(a) Whenoscillating,thevelocityofthesatelliteisgivenbytheequation
velocity=2p f Acos(2pft)
where f=frequency A=amplitude t=time.
(i) Explainhowtheequationshowsthat themaximumvelocityof thesatellite isgivenby
maximumvelocity=2p f A.
[1]
(ii) Calculatethemaximumvelocityofthesatellitewhenitoscillatesatafrequencyof11Hzwithanamplitudeofoscillationof42mm.
maximumvelocity=……………….ms–1 [2]
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(iii) Statetheaccelerationofthesatelliteattheinstantthatmaximumvelocityoccurs.
acceleration=…………………………….ms–2 [1]
(iv) Calculatethemaximumaccelerationofthesatellitewiththisoscillation.
maximumacceleration…………………………..ms–2 [2]
(b) Thecommunicationsaerialon thesatellite isobserved toshakeviolentlyatoneparticularfrequency.Thisisanexampleofresonance.
Explainwhytheaerialbehavesinthiswayandsuggesthowtheaerialcouldbemodifiedinordertoreducetheproblemofresonance.
[3]
[Total: 9]
[Quality of Written Communication: 4]
[Section B Total: 50]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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