28/08/13Environmental Cement Africa2013 Nairobi KenyaWaste Management in Sub Saharan Africa

20 / 08 / 13 was Earth Overshoot Day: Humanity had exhausted nature’s budget for the year, exceeding the biosphere's supply, or the regenerative capacity

2012 Earth Overshoot Day was the 22 / 08 / 13

3Lafarge | Presentation name or chapter | Confidential Date |

+ recycled & recovered

materials

Importations

Domesticextraction

+ recycled & recovered

materials

StoredMaterials

(ex: Buildings)

WASTE

Exportations

Unuseddomesticmaterials

Recycled and recovered waste

EliminationLandfills

EliminationIncinerators

MineralsFossil Fuels

MetalsBiomass

Emissions

Inputdomestic

Raw material

Domestic consumedmaterials

Every country will have to review its management of the energy / raw material equilibrium.

THE OTHER GREAT CONCERN AFFECTING WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY IS CLIMATE CHANGE

In a 4°C world, sea-level rise is projected to be more than 100

cm (orangeover oceans) and the likelihood that a summer month’s heat is

unprecedented is greaterthan 60 percent (orange/red

colors over land)

In a 2°C world, sea-level rise is projected to be less than 70 cm (yellowover oceans) and the likelihood that a summer month’s heat is unprecedented is lessthan 30 percent (blue/purple colors over land)

Source : World Bank “Turn down the heat”

HOW THE CEMENT SECTOR CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE CLIMATE CHANGE FIGHT (CO2 MANAEMENT)

March 10 5

PROCESS

Combustion

Raw Mix

CDM

GeothermalWHR

CEMENT

Addition ratio

New Clinkers BC$AF

CONCRETE

Global Formulation:

Additions

Admixtures

Granular optimization

Quality assurance

BUILDING

Life CycleLife Cycle

Combination

of Materials

Enhanced clinkers

Process mastery

Insulation

Technological improvement

Algaes

CCS

Wind Farm

ARM

AF

WASTE

MANAGEMENT

FOREST MANAGEMENT, for instance, impacts both Resources Optimization, and Climate change

BECAUSE OF ITS HUGE POPULATION AND ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT, AFRICA HAS TO IMPLEMENT A SUSTAINABLE

WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN

All the economical actors will produce more and more waste:

Municipalities: Municipal waste, Water treatment sewage sludge

Energy sector: Oil & Gas (exploration, pipelines, refineries, Marpol,…)

Industrial sector : Non toxic environment (agro industries, distribution,…)

Toxic : Chemical, Pharmaceutical, …)

Agro Forestry: CO2 impact ( deforestation, illegal burning,…)

The challenge for Waste Management will be to optimize environmental protection, social development and economical development. This issue will be part of the parameters that will make the differences between “winning” and “losing” countries in the international competition.

Energy Recovery (Waste to Energy) will part of the solutions to be developed, but Waste to Energy solutions (specific incineration, methanization,…) will be inappropriate or too expensive for emerging countries

-Change of ours consumption modes

-Promotion of efficient productions

- Correction of prices and reorientation of the fiscal load.

-Transform waste into resources

- Funding of the necessary waste treatment capacities

Prevention (no waste)

Re-use

Recycle

Energy & biomassrecovery

Elimination

Prevention (no waste)

Re-use

Recycle

Energy & biomassrecovery

Elimination

Lafarge wants to participate to that effort, putting at the disposal of the local administrations, the recovery potential of its kilns through Responsible Environmental and social projects.

The cost of “No Treatment” is not acceptable:

- Illegal burning of organic waste create serious emissions problems

- Illegal landfill create water contamination and methane emissions

- The cost of rehabilitation will be unsustainable for future generation

- The no integration of waste management cost in the value o goods and services create false value.

On the opposite, the progressive creation of a waste management sector allows:

- The integration of the informal sector

- The creation of entrepreneurial companies creating job and value (logistics, recycling, waste management,….)

- Raw material and Energy savings

- Support to the export sector ( no export without positive environmental footprint)

WASTE MANAGEMENT IS LINKED WITH SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT

WHICH PARAMETERS ARE NEEDED TO SUCCEED IN THE CREATION OF A SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTERPLAN

A strong environmental ministry able to implement the environment legislation ( budget, trained personal, good coordination with other ministries: Energy, Industry, Finances,.. ) “NO POLICE, NO MARKET”

The implementation of waste traceability from “cradle to grave”, “NO RECORDS, NO POLICY”

The implementation of sustainable waste treatment facilities, “ NO TREATMENT, NO PRESSURE”

The progressive optimization of environmental, social and economical solution. To go too rapidly will create informal sector integration issues and possible negative stakeholders reactions, while economical mistakes can be made with too expensive investments or wrong choice of the needed technologies,…)

The progressive implementation of the “POLLUTER PAYS” principle. Economical actors have to start accepting that waste are not “a gold mine”, but a cost they will have to pay. Financial incentives are needed in the first step; but should not motivate us to forget the implementation of the principle.

Cement Plant

Municipalities

Quarries and Landfills

industry

Power plant

Pre-treatmentHousehold Garbage

Waste waterSewage

plant Sludge

Electricity

Electricity

Pre-treatment

Fly Ashes

Industrial & commercial waste

non recyclable

Construction

Demolition

Aggregate

Gypsum

BiogasWaste heat

Drying – HeatingElectricity

Wood Plastic

Blast Furnace

Slag

Pre-treatment

Pre-treatment

The cement sector is well positioned to develop industrial ecology synergies

12

WATERS

SLUDGES

SOLIDS

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL WATERS 0%

100%

0%

100%

MINERALCONTAMINANTS

BIOLOGIC

CEMENT RECOVERY

WASTE

ORGANICCONTAMINANTS

SLUDGES

SOLIDS

LANDFILL

STABILISATION

THE COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN LANDFILL AND CEMENT RECOVERY OPTIMIZES THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

AT THE LOWEST COST

Raw mix preparation

Alternative raw materials

Chemical flexibility of the raw mix

Up to 70 waste streams and 350 Kg/ton of clinker

Cement grinding

Additives

FGD Fly ashes Blast furnace slag Silica fumesSilica fumes

Burning

Alternative Fuels

Very high temperature Long residence time Gas cleaning inherent

to the process

2.000 °C

> 6 sec above

1.200 °C

Lim

e

THE CEMENT PROCESS OFFERS STRONG INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES

A very broad range of waste

Local municipalitySewage sludge, sludge from water purification

ChemicalsSolvents, plastics, catalysts

Petroleum refiningClay, oils, spent catalysts

Crushed sand and foundry sandFoundries, (Si, Al, Ca, Fe)

AutomotiveMolding sand, paints residue, used tires

Aluminum manufacture

Electric powerFly ash, dust, gypsum, sulfur

Construction and building materialsWaste board and

gypsum

Traditional fuelsCoal, gas, petroleum coke, fuel oil

Fuel to kiln

Spent pot liner

Pulp & PaperMill residue, incineration ash

BiomassAgricultural waste

Soil remediation residues

ASANTE