28-2 Powerpoint
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Transcript of 28-2 Powerpoint
28-2 Japan Modernizes
Tokugawa Shogunate
• 1603-1868• Characterized by isolation• Japan closed off to all trade (except Dutch and
Chinese)• Centralized feudalism: strong central
government
FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan:
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Feudal Society
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Social Structure
• Shogun: chief general who ran country• Damiyo: great landowners• Samurai: warrior knights
Samurai
JAPAN ENDS ITS ISOLATION
Facing the Demand for Foreign Trade
• Europeans and U.S. start to demand that Japan open up to foreign trade. Japan initially refuses
Commodore Matthew Perry
• 1853: Perry sails 4 steamships to harbor at Edo (Tokyo) with letter from President Millard Fillmore
• Letter – asks Japan to allow U.S. ships to refuel
Treaty of Kanagawa
• 1854: Japan opens up 2 ports to U.S. ships
Why does Japan sign the Treaty of Kanagawa?
Significance?• Opens up door for other
Western powers
Japan learns a lesson from the Chinese
The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners.
Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a
colony of Great Britain and France.
Japanese diary entry, 1862
Remember China, the Opium Wars, etc???
• Opium Wars – extraterritorial rights, etc.• Open Door Policy• Spheres of influence
• Japan is convinced that it has to open up to the west
The Shogunate is Overthrown!
Japanese angry at shogun for agreeing to Kanagawa…losing control of country??
Emperor Mutsuhito Restored to Power
Meiji Restoration• Meiji = Enlightened• Look to west and adopt their ways
Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s
Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened
Modernization by
“Selective Borrowing”
Popular board game.
Start by leaving Japan & studying in various Western capitals.
End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official.
EuropeanGoods
Europe began to “loom large” in
the thinking of many Japanese.
New slogan: Japanese Spirit; Western Technology!
The Japanese Became Obsessed
with Western Styles
Civilization and Enlightenment!
MeijiRefor
ms
Abolitionof the
feudal system
LandRedistribution
Human Rights & Religious
Freedom
Build aModern Navy
(British)
Public Education (U.S.)
Modernize the Army(Prussian)
EmperorWorship
Intensified
WrittenConstitution(Germans)
ModernBankingSystem
What’s the big idea????
• Japan modernizes!!! Accepts western ideals…including
IMPERIALISM
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM GROWS
Japanese Imperialism
• Military power by 1890. strongest military in Asia
• Eliminates extraterritorial rights of foreigners…promises fair treatment
• Empire-building to met security and economic needs
Japan Attacks ChinaSino-Japanese War 1894-1895
• Fight over Korea• China is expected to
win…• Japan wins. Signal of
Japanese success• Get Taiwan and
Pescadore Islands
Russo-Japanese War1904-1905
• War over Manchuria• Japan wants Russia to stay out of Korea…• 1904: surprise attack on Russia• Japan wins… shocking to the entire world!
President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the Peace
The Treaty of Portsmouth, NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Japan gets captured territories
Russia stays out of Manchuria and Korea
Japan Annexes Korea
Korea under Japanese occupation
• Annexation: Adding a region to the territory of an already existing political unit.
• Japan annexes Korea in 1910• Rule?– Harsh– Control education, newspaper, prohibit public
protest– Land taken from farmers and given to settlers– Modernize Korea
Next Steps…
• Modernization / Imperialism steps – could Japan have become an imperialized power if it had not modernized? Why or why not?
• Why does Japan become aggressive imperialist power?
• Compare / contrast Chinese and Japanese imperialism – responses, outcomes, etc.